EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

Examination Questions Not Made Public.-The following states do not give permission for the publication of the examination questions: Kentucky, Michigan, Kansas, Vermont, Utah.

NEBRASKA BOARD OF PHARMACY.

Pharmacy. 1. What would you dispense if you had a call for (give Latin official name in full): 1. quicksilver; 2. corrosive sublimate; 3. red precipitate; 4. biniodide of mercury; 5. calomel; 6. yellow oxide of mercury; 7. protiodide of mercury; 8. white precipitate; 9. mercury with chalk; 10. mercurous chloride. 2. Write a prescription for 12 powders, using official names in full, each powder containing 3 grs. Acetanilide, 2 grs. K Br and 1 gr. Caffeine Citrate. Convert same to metric system.

3. 1. Name 10 classes of official preparations, giving official title; 2. name 5 volatile oils and 5 fixed oils; 3. what are the chief characteristics of volatile and fixed oils?

Quinine Sulphate,

Morphine Sulphate,

M. Ft. pill No. 8.

Sig.: One pill every hour.

Criticise, the above prescriptions.

dr. 1

oz. 2

gr. 1 gr. 8

5. Tr. Iodine, U. S. P. 1. Latin official title; 2. name ingredients and amount of each; 3. give average dose; 4. what used for.

6. Give the Latin official titles of the following: 1. arsenous acid; 2. camphorated oil; 3. carbolic acid; 4. sp. of nitroglycerine; 5. sodium hyposulphite; 6. benzoin; 7. cantharides; 8. gum arabic; 9. phenacetin; 10. aqua regia.

7. 1. You have % oz. cocaine; how many grains of a 2% solution will that make? 2. give the weight of a fluid ounce of distilled water; 3. an avoirdupois ounce; 4. a troy ounce.

8. Define the following: 1. antipyretic; 2. corrosive; 3. sedative; 4. anthelmintic; 5. anodyne; 6. myotic; 7. haemostatic; 8. emollient; 9. saporific; 10. germicide.

9. What is the adult dose of: 1. Morphine Sulphate? 2. Strychnine Sulphate? 3. Calomel? 4. Phenacetine? 5. Dover's Powders? What is the dose of above for a child 3 years old? 10. Give the principal points of the State Pure Food and Drug Law that relates to Pharmacy.

Chemistry. 1. Name three elements that are gases, two that are liquids, five that are solids. Give density of the gases and specific gravity of the solids and liquids.

2. What are chemical incompatibles?

Name a substance that Is incompatible with (a) Potassium Iodide, (b) with Ferrous Sulphate, (c) with Potassium Carbonate, (d) with Lead Acetate, (e) with Tannin, (f) with Lime Water.

3. Show by equations the changes which take place in the preparation of Solution of Ferric Chloride.

4. Write chemical name and formula for the following: (a) Tartar emetic, (b) Salts of Tartar, (c) Rochelle Salts, (d) Potash, (e) Borax, (f) Blue Vitriol.

5. What is organic chemistry? What elements are indispensable in organic compounds and what are the other chief elements which enter into these compounds?

Give formula. Tell how preWhat is Formaldehyde? Give

6. What is Glycerin chemically? pared and what are its chief uses. formula. 7. Show by equation how cane sugar is converted into Glucose and by another equation the convertion of Glucose into alcohol.

8. Iron-how prepared from ores. How does cast iron, wrought iron and steel differ chemically? How are ferrous salts converted into ferric?

9. How is Mercury generally found in nature? How separated and purified? At what temperature does it become a solid? What

6.

5. Define the following: Acute Poison; Chronic Poison. (a) What is a specific symptom? (b) Give the symptoms and treatment in case of poisoning by Phenol. Strychnine. Morphine.

7. How would you prepare and administer an emetic made from mustard, or ipecac, or sulphate of zinc?

8. What are the average doses of the following drugs: Atropine; Granulated Opium; Strychnine; Aloin; Morphine; Codeine; Digitalis; Calomel; Santonin; Potassium; Iodide?

Define the following: Lethal; Toxic; Maximum.

10. Give a synopsis of the Poison Law; Cocaine Law.

MATRIMONIAL

Orlie Hill and Miss Zoa Hunter were married at Belleville, Ill., June 17. Mr. Hill is in the drug business at West Frankfort, and also interested in various other commercial enterprises.

Pearson-Scoville.-Ralph David Pearson and Miss Amy Scoville were married at Detroit, Mich., June 17. The bride is a daughter of Professor and Mrs. Wilbur L. Scoville, well known in pharmaceutical circles of this country.

Bixon-Adelsperger.-George Thomas Bixon, Ph. G., and Miss Frieda J. Adelsperger were married June 21. They spent some time on an eastern trip and are now at home in St. Louis. Mr. Bixon has a prosperous store at Fourth and Market streets.

Overman-Ganz.-A. A. Overman, Ph. G., '14, and Miss Ione Ganz were married June 7, at St. Theresa's Church, St. Louis. A very enjoyable wedding dinner followed at the bride's home. Classmates and many other friends join in extending congratulations.

O'Neill-Hall.-Frank J. O'Neill, of St. Louis, and Miss Wilma Sue Hall, of Columbia, Mo., were married June 8. They are now at home at 3151 Utah place, St. Louis, where congratulations from many friends continue to arrive. Mr. O'Neill is president of the St. Louis Drug Club.

BIRTHS

Foster. Virginia was born to Mr. and Mrs. Fred Foster, of Fillmore, Mo., June 17. Mr. Foster is with Store in the Little

E. W. Davis, who has the "Big
Town."

Moffett. Mr. and Mrs. C. O. Moffett, of Carlisle, Ark., report an eight-pound girl, born May 11. Mr. Moffett has the Nyal Store and gives prescription work special attention, so, no doubt, this daughter will learn the drug business.

be hung-Smith's Wall Paper"-Old but good.

TIMELY TOPICS

By H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis.*

U. S. P. IX. The new revision of the Pharmacopoeia is in press and will soon be on the market. It becomes official September 1, 1916. It is a matter of preparedness to order the book now. I suggest the buckram binding which is more durable than muslin I am and only twenty-five cents more expensive. pleased to show you page proofs of a number of the U. S. P. IX plates.

N. F. IV. You may have gotten along without a copy of the National Formulary but the time has now arrived when it will be dangerous to try running a pharmacy without a copy of this standard, under the Food and Drugs Act. The new revision will be off the press as soon as the U. S. P. IX is ready, and is to be the law and guide from September 1, 1916. The buckram binding will cost $2.75 per copy. I exhibit page proofs of the plates from which the National Formulary is being printed.

The Trading Stamp Nuisance. This subject came in for a good share of the discussion at the 1915 meeting of the Mo. Ph. A. The volume of proceedings for that year contains useful information on the subject. Since our last convention, the United States Supreme Court has upheld the laws of the States of Washington and Florida which impose heavy taxes on trading stamps. In fact, the State of Washington makes it a gross misdemeanor to distribute trading stamps redeemable in merchandise. These laws should be more than a mere hint for the Committee on Legislation of the Mo. Ph. A.

The A. Ph. A. Receipt Book.-The American Pharmaceutical Association has largely dictated the United States Pharmacopoeia since 1870, and is the author and publisher of the National Formulary. The Receipt Book, now in preparation by the A. Ph. A., will supplement the U. S. P. and N. F. as working manuals. The proposed formulas are being published in the A. Ph. A. Journal and other pharmaceutical periodicals. I urge Missouri pharmacists to assist in testing them out. The chairman of the committee having the work in charge is Professor Otto Raubenheimer, of 1341 Fulton street, Brooklyn, N. Y. He invites correspondence on the subject.

Itinerant Venders constitute a form of competition which the retail drug trade, the country over, resents. Iowa has a law which apparently prohibits itinerant venders from selling preparations containing alcohol or poison. The Attorney General says: "The law will hold good." If this form of legislation is effective, it will doubtless be copied in other states. In Missouri it will first be necessary to convince the Legislature that itinerant venders are inimical to public interests.

The lawmakers are very careful to see that pharmacists who are established in business in a permanent location are fully competent to dispense drugs. They look on the itinerant vender from another angle *Read at the Missouri Pharmaceutical Association meeting at Excelsior Springs, June 13, 1916.

because he delivers only package goods and he claims the responsibility for quality, and action rests with the manufacturer.

The Harrison Anti-Narcotic Law.-Missouri pharmacists have escaped many of the unfortunate entanglements with this law that have caused pharmacists trouble and expense in some sections of the country. This anti-narcotic act is the work of pharmacists and in principle has their support. Pharmacists have not hesitated in cutting down their sales of these goods and adding to their work in order to curtail the harmful use of narcotics. The Harrison Anti-Narcotic Law is only in name and execution an internal revenue act. Recent rulings of the commissioner and certain activities of the department indicate trouble ahead if not at hand for the well-meaning dealers in narcotic drugs. It is timely to keep posted and safeguard every detail of routine in handling narcotics. I fear that only then the nimble-witted will escape unjust federal censure.

PURELY PERSONAL

M. A. Stout, of Bluffton, Ind., is president of the N. A. R. D. and also of the Indiana Ph. A.

M. N. Tritz, of Jesup, Ia., went 416 miles to attend the Nebraska Ph. A. convention this year. He was a prize-winner for long-distance travel.

Leo Marazek, president of the Illinois Board of Pharmacy, is a presidential elector for the Fifth Congressional District on the democratic ticket.

Thomas H. Potts, of Chicago, secretary of the N. A. R. D., attended his first meeting of the Mo. Ph. A. at Excelsior Springs, this year. He promises to get the habit.

J. Earle Harper, of Spencer, Neb., made a trip of 406 miles to attend the Neb. Ph. A. meeting in June. He won a prize but says the convention alone was worth the trip.

Z. E. Marvin, of Dallas, the new president of the Texas Pharmaceutical Association, bids fair to break all records in the membership campaign he is now waging among the pharmacists of the Lone Star State. Dr. George F. Payne, of Atlanta, Ga., is particularly happy over the new legislation bettering the conditions of pharmacists in the U. S. employ. He has devoted time and attention to this work for many years. Dr. William Mansfield, of the New York College of Pharmacy, was tendered a banquet by the combined evening microscopy classes. It did not require a microscope to observe the good fellowship on that occasion.

Wilhelm Bodemann of Chicago and the United States in general, has completed the first period of seventy years of his life. The occasion was observed by the Chicago V. D. A. with a banquet to Wilhelm Bodemann June 6, 1916.

W. L. Dewoody, of Pine Bluff, and Orlando Halliburton, of Little Rock, were elected to life membership by the Arkansas Association of Pharmacists at the 1916 meeting. It was certainly a worthy recognition of these veteran pharmacists.

PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONS

The Mont. Ph. A. will hold its twenty-sixth annual convention, at Missoula, July 20-21. J. A. Riedel, Boulder, is secretary.

The N. A. R. D. meeting at Indianapolis, September 18-22, will be attended by delegates from every section of the country.

The Nashville (Tenn.) Drug Club has elected the following officers for the ensuing year:

D. H. Kuhn, president; Ira B. Clark, Nashville, Tenn., 1st vicepresident; G. C. Young, 2nd vice-president; D. S. Sanders, treasurer; E. F. Trolinger, Nashville, Tenn., secretary.

A. Ph. A. Transportation Arrangements.-The A. Ph. A. meets at Hotel Chalfonte, Atlantic City, N. J., September 5-9. Those going from Chicago, Cincinnati and St. Louis will be able to take advantage of a thirty-day excursion ticket. The ticket will read to New York and return, but a stop-over can be made at Philadelphia and Atlantic City visited as a side line. The A. C. P. F. and the N. A. B. P. convene in Philadelphia, just previous to the A. Ph. A. meeting at Atlantic City. The Pennsylvania Railway announces the following rates:

32.00

37.00

40.00

Cincinnati to New York and return, St. Louis to Atlantic City and return, St. Louis to New York and return, The Indiana Ph. A. met at Indianapolis, June 20-22. Co-operation was the watchword. The Indiana pharmacists and the allied interests are working together for better things in pharmacy. The travelers had charge of the entertainment. A banquet was a prominent feature.

President M. A. Stout, of Bluffton, advocated amendments to the Food and Drug Act of 1907 in order to cover dispensing physicians. "Hints and Suggestions to the Busy Druggist," was the subject of an address by A. J. Frazier, at Muncie. W. H. Rudder, of Salem, read a paper on, “Pharmacy, Yesterday and Today." Frank R. Eldred, of Indianapolis, discussed the "Manufacture of Chemicals in the United States." The officers for the ensuing year are as follows: Stout, of Bluffton, president; W. H. Rudder, of Salem, first vice-president; J. White, second vice-president; Wood Wiles, of Bloomington, third vice-president; Wm. F. Werner, of Indianapolis, secretary; Frank A. Carter, of Indianapolis, treasurer.

M. A.

The lowa Ph. A. held its thirty-seventh annual meeting in the university at Iowa City, June 20-22. President J. R. Sutter advised the trade to stand by the patent medicine interests that are friendly to the Iowa law. He said the N. A. R. D. was not in a position to be a big factor in bettering conditions in pharmacy. He approved of the short course for pharmacists given by the Department of Pharmacy of the state university. The secretary reported a membership of over 1900.

A mid-winter session will be held in January or February. It will be primarily a business convention.

The regular meeting will be held in June or July, 1917. Members were urged to join the A. Ph. A. The early meeting of 1917 will be held at Des Moines, during the session of the legislature. The summer meeting will occur at Dubuque.

The election of officers resulted as follows:

President, J. A. Todd, Sioux City; First Vice-president, Tom Watts, Holstein; Second Vice-president, H. C. Hubbard, Humboldt; Third Vice-president, R. W. Harvey, Missouri Valley; Treasurer, J. M. Lindly, Winfield (re-elected); Secretary, Al Falkenhainer, Algona (re-elected); Member of the Executive Committee for three-year term, J. R. Sutter, Burlington.

The new officers of the Iowa Travelers' Auxiliary

are:

President, Charles Schall, St. Louis; First Vice-president, D. A. Allen, Rock Island; Secretary-treasurer, W. G. Haupt, Des Moines; Chairman of Council, Ed. D. Hurford, Minneapolis; other members of council to be appointed by chairman; Second Vicepresident, E. W. Theiner, Cedar Rapids; Third Vice-president, E. L. Ostrowski, Chicago.

BOARDS OF PHARMACY

The North Dakota Board of Pharmacy has organized for the ensuing year with the following officers: President, H. L. Haussamen, Grafton; Secretary, W. S. Parker, Lisbon.

The North Carolina Board of Pharmacy will meet at Raleigh, November 17. Secretary F. W. Hancock, of that city, announces that the examination will be based on the U. S. P. IX.

The Mississippi Board of Pharmacy has been newly constituted by the government. The personnel is as follows: Fred W. Smith, Poplarville; S. C. Lindsey, Eupora; J. Clyde McGee, Jackson; H. L. Boyd, Kosciusko, and C. C. Davis, Union.

Texas Board of Pharmacy.--Regular meeting was held in Fort Worth, Tex., in the Medical College building, on May 15, 16 and 17, 1916, with a full attendance of all members of the Board.

W. H. Cousins, president, Dallas; H. L. Carleton, Taylor; H. V. Schumann, New Braunfels; A. W. Griffith, Austin; John A. Weeks, Ballinger; R. H. Walker, secretary, Gonzales.

There were forty-eight applicants and the following made successful grades and certificates were authorized issued to them, to wit:

C. L. Baum, Baird; M. H. Breininger, Waelder; J. B. Caldwell, Kaufman; Holmes Connelly, Trenton; A. B. Couch, Dallas; Erroll B. Davis, Johnson City; J. M. Doss, Colorado; J. G. Esparaza, San Antonio; L. F. Fuston, Commerce; T. M. Greenwood. Lipan; J. M. Griffith, Mt. Vernon; W. A. Hargett, Moody; H. V. Heyland, Fredericksburg; J. E. Jagge, San Antonio; Fred M. Moore, Ballinger; T. K. Oliver, Winters; L. C. Perry, Wills Point; Sam M. Proctor, Dallas; Israel G. Rape, Campbell; J. W. Renshaw, San Antonio; F. M. Robinson, Temple; A. R. Schreier, Hobson.

John A. Weeks, Ballinger, was elected delegate to the National Association Boards of Pharmacy.

The following officers were elected for the ensuing

year:

H. L. Carleton, president, Taylor; R. H. Walker, secretary, Gonzales. Houston, Tex., was selected as the next meeting place.

Amendments to the pharmacy law, after most critical consideration, were unanimously adopted and presented to the State Pharmaceutical Association for final disposition.

Adjournment had to meet in Houston, Tex., on September 19, 1916.-[R. H. Walker, Gonzales, Secretary Texas State Board of Pharmacy.

TIMELY TOPICS

Keep Your Store Cool. It will pay you to do all you can to keep your store cool and comfortable in hot weather. Clerks will sell more and customers will buy more in a comfortable store.

Apricot Special. Decorate a small platter with lettuce leaves. On this place two No. 16 mounds of ice cream; over one pour a ladle of crushed apricot. Over the other a ladle of maple walnut or other nut dressing. On top of each mound lay a whole preserved fig.

Sell Thermometers. -You will find that during hot weather the demand for weather thermometers increases largely. Arrange to prominently display your stock for a few days, off and on, when the weather is particularly hot, and you will be astonished at your sales of thermometers.

Summer Comfort Week Begins July 24.-Will you give it proper attention? The trouble with summer business is its pettiness. A customer buys only as she needs: a can of talcum today; a cake of soap tomorrow; a tube of cream when she happens to remember that hers is used up. But, if the customer is reminded all at once of some of her summer needs by an attractive window and table display, she is induced to buy a bill of goods instead of merely a single article, including things which otherwise she would not have bought at all.

Extracting Fruit Juices.-The Department of Agriculture has found through experiments that the juice of currants, blackberries, black raspberries, sour cherries and peaches may be prepared and kept as successfully as grape juice and by the same methods, This has now been demonstrated in the course of a series of investigations which the United States Department of Agriculture is conducting into the whole complicated question of fruit juices. The juices of the fruits mentioned, it has been found, retain their characteristic color and flavor after being sterilized and stored away and can therefore be made available for use throughout the year in households and at soda fountains, etc. Details of the experiment are contained in bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture No. 241, copies of which can be had free from the Bureau of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

The National Formulary, Fourth Edition (N. F. IV), will be ready for distribution about July 1, 1916. The prices of the book in the various bindings will be as follows:

The book has been completely revised and enlarged. It contains formulas for 589 preparations in Part I and in Part II, definitions and tests for 188 ingredients used in the formulas, but not standardized in the U. S. P. IX. The titles of articles total 777.

The N. F. IV is a legal standard under the Federal Food and Drugs Act, and various State food and drug acts and is indispensable to every practicing physician and pharmacist.

HARRISON ANTI-NARCOTIC LAW

Learn This by Heart.-The Harrison Anti-Narcotic Law applies to all preparations, including prescriptions containing more than two grains of opium or more than one-quarter of a grain or morphine, or more than one-eighth of a grain of heroin, or more than one grain of codeine or any salt or derivative of any of them in one fluid ounce or, if a solid or semi-solid preparation, in one avoirdupois ounce, and other preparations which contain cocaine or any of its salts or alpha or beta eucaine or any of their salts or any synthetic substitute for them.

The Day that a Narcotic Prescription is Written is the day that it should be filled by the pharmacist. Supreme Court Decides That the Harrison Antinarcotic Law Does Not Prohibit Persons Who Are Not Required to Register from Having Possession of Habit-Forming Drugs.-The United States Supreme Court, on June 5, 1916, affirmed the decision of the United States District Court in United States v. Jim Fuey Moy. The court decided that the words, "any person not registered," as used in section 8 of the law "cannot be taken to mean any person in the United States, but must be taken to refer to the class with which the statute undertakes to dealthe persons who are required to register by section 1." Under this decision, a person who does not import, produce, manufacture, deal in, dispense, sell, or distribute the drugs cannot be convicted of violating the Harrison law merely because he has possession of some of the drugs.

Filling Narcotic Prescriptions.-Art. 11. Drugs dispensed or distributed under and in pursuance of a written prescription issued by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon duly registered under the act must show the name and address of the patient, the date, the name and address of the physician, and his registry number. All prescriptions for such drugs not specifically exempt under section 6 of the act, as defined in Treasury Decision 2309, must be dated and signed on the day when issued; must be preserved for a period of two years from the date indicated thereon, and must be readily accessible to the inspecting officer above referred to. A separate file of all such prescriptions must be kept by each dealer lawfully authorized to fill prescriptions. The refilling of a narcotic prescription is prohibited, except where such prescription calls for an exempt preparation or remedy prepared in accordance with the "U. S. P."" “N. F.," or other recognized or established formula usually carried in stock by a dealer and sold without a prescription (see T. D. 2309). Prescriptions cannot be filled upon telephone orders. Prescriptions must be filled entirely at the time of presentation. Partial filling will not be permitted.

LEGAL DEPARTMENT

A Druggist Pays Damages for Selling Heroin to a Minor. A New York druggist will pay a widow $3,000 for selling her eighteen year old son heroin. This is the decision of the supreme court of the state. The court holds that the sale was "a reckless disregard of the rights and the welfare of the boy and his mother."

Cuban Formula Disclosure Regulations. On February 22, 1916, Articles 46 and 47 of the Regulations of Pharmacy of 1913, as modified August 2, 1915, were suspended for two years. Paragraph 1 of Article 304 of the Ordinances of Sanitation, was also set aside for a period of two years. These regulations cover the formula disclosure and registration of imported pharmaceutical specialties.

What Constitutes a Violation of a Pharmacy Law? -The law should contain a provision that the keeping open to the public by an unregistered person of any store, shop or place for the sale of drugs, medicines or poisons, should be considered as prima facie evidence of a violation of the law. In this State (Illinois) drug stores are conducted by unregistered owners, often in the same towns with registered proprietors, the former of whom never employ registered help and refuse to sell to strangers. They go on unmolested because the board cannot get evidence on which to begin a prosecution. This feature was embodied in the draft of the amendment to our pharmacy law passed in the last session of our Legislature, but I believe it was opposed by some of the members of this association, and probably for that reason was omitted from the bill.-[Robert L. Morland.

Makers of Wine of Cardui Libeled; Damages One Cent. The American Medical Association was found guilty of libeling the Chattanooga Medicine Co., manufacturers of Wine of Cardui by a jury, June 22. Damages were fixed at one cent.

The jury had been out six days and the verdict was reached on the twenty-second ballot. The case was called for trial, March 21, two suits benig combined.

John A. Patten sued for $200,000 for personal damages. His suit terminated with his death shortly after trial began. The other was for $100,000 by Z. C. Patten, Jr., for the company. He alleged the medical association libeled Wine of Cardui by calling it a nostrum. When the case was given to the jury Federal Judge Carpenter cut the amount of damages asked to $50,000.

The case is said to have cost each side more than $125,000.

Use of Guaranty Legend and Serial Numbers on Labels and Containers Printed or Marked Prior to May 5, 1914.-Amending Food Inspection Decisions 153 and 155.-It has been made to appear that (1) dealers in food and drugs have on hand a great many labels and containers printed or marked prior to the date of Food Inspection Decision 153 (May 5, 1914); (2) these labels and containers bear the legend "Guar

anteed by (name of guarantor) under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906," or a serial number issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, or both; (3) these labels and containers, when so printed or marked, complied with the Rules and Regulations for the Enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act in effect at the time; and (4) great financial loss will result to such dealers, through their inability to use these labels and containers, if Regulation 9, as amended by Food Inspection Decisions 153 and 155, be enforced beginning on May 1, 1916.

Accordingly, proceedings under the Food and Drugs Act, based on the shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, on the sale in the District of Columbia or the Territories, prior to May 1, 1918, of any article of food or drugs, will not be instituted solely on account of the fact that the label thereon or the container thereof bears the legend "Guaranteed by (name of guarantor) under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906," or a serial number issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, or both, upon its being established that such label or container was so printed or marked prior to May 5, 1914.

USEFUL NOTES

To Remove Oil Stains from Marble. To remove oil stains from marble, the Soda Dispenser directs to apply common clay saturated with benzine. If the oil or grease stains are old, that is to say, if they have penetrated deeply into the marble, the polish of the latter is apt to be injured. It is, therefore, advisable to remove stains of this kind at the earliest possible moment after they are observed.

Table of Density of Syrup.-The accompanying table, according to the Pacific Drug Review, shows the amount of syrup obtained by adding any number of pounds of sugar to one gallon of water. This table is accurate only for syrup made by cold process, as where heat is used a certain amount of water is lost by evaporation. It is based upon the established fact that one pound of sugar displaces ten American fluidounces of water.