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the heathen so clearly in their view, that the books must have been written after these events had happened or become possible (p. 213 ff.) Scepticism must always be prepared to meet scepticism; and when critics triumphantly tell us that Amos declares that the Israelites did not sacrifice in the wilderness, and Jeremiah informs us distinctly that God never commanded sacrifice, and therefore the controversy as to the early legislation on that subject is ended, it is always open to the objector to ask what information Amos or Jeremiah had about times so remote that was not possessed by their contemporaries. Again, Daumer claims to be consistent and thorough; for he not only proves the original fire and Moloch worship of Israel from the same texts that Kuenen relies upon, but concludes, from a passage of similar tenor in Jeremiah (xlvi. 10; comp. Isa. xxxiv. 6 ff.), that this was to the last a recognised legal service (Feuer und Molochdienst, p. 25). Not without reason M. Vernes says (Pref., p. iii), "If erudition is an excellent and indispensable thing, it cannot take the place of method." Prof. Briggs tells us that "higher criticism is exact and thorough in its methods" (Bib. Study, p. 194). I can perceive the thoroughness; the exactness is not so apparent.

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Allah, 174, 305.

Alluvial deposit on tradition, 142.
Alphabet, 78.

Altar, horns of, 228-in Egypt, 237-
one, 411 ff.

Amos, 53, 56 f.-style, 58, 61, 67-
and the prophets, 86, 90, 154-and
local cult, 213-and the calves, 228
-and the wilderness period, 258 f.,
507 f.geographical knowledge,

510.

Ancestors, mythical, 128-national,
130-worship, 202.
Animism, 199, 211 ff.
Anthropomorphisms, 294.
Apis, 188, 217 f.

Apostasy of Israel, 29, 113, 148, 161.
Appellative names, 171, 181, 183, 509.
Ark, sacred, 203-abode of deity, 222
its place, 224-in time of Judges,
346 f.
Asherim, 235.

Assyrian polytheism, 181-bulls, 219
-period, 316 ff.

Astarte, 176, 241, 299.

Astuads, 270.

Atonement, Day of, 397.

Baal, Baalim, 170 ff., 226, 282, 305,
501 f.

Babylonian deities, 176 ff., 181 ff.-
influence on Palestine, 182.

Bamoth. See High places.
Bannockburn, 119, 134.
Basket of fruits, 368.

Bedawîn songs, 79-tribes, 207.
Belief and practice, 160, 328.
Bona fides, 48, 425, 437.

Books of Old Testament, 39, 43 ff.,
107 f., 138, 142 f., 332 f.

Calf-worship, 215 ff.
Canaanite numina, 199.
Canonical writings, 139.
Caricature, 87, 89.

Carlyle and St Edmund, 104, 132.
Centralisation of worship, 327, 361,
369 ff., 449.

Character of Jahaveh, 299, 306, 310,
318, 321 ff.

Chemosh, 153, 243, 300, 303.
Cherubim, 222.

Chronicles, book of, 28, 93, 141,
402.

Circumcision, 249, 335.
Clean and unclean, 348.

Codes, Codification, 383 ff., 388, 391,
394.

Commandment, First, 303.
"Congregation," 410.

Contemporary writings, 46, 51 f.
Copyright, 479.

Covenant, the, 25, 29, 114, 313, 338 f.,
409, 453 f., 509 f.

Covenant, book of, 54, 62, 332, 350,
358, 369, 373, 378, 383, 387, 389 ff.,
443, 454, 456-and place of worship,
407 ff.

Crusaders and topography, 98.
Cumulative evidence, 263.

Dada, Dodo, &c., 177 ff., 181.
Dan worship, 233, 347.

David, his times, 81-serving other
gods, 195-and music, 93, 506 f.--
ephod, 234-his house, 111 f., 146.
Dawn myth, 504 ff.

Deborah's song, 62, 118 f., 133, 193,
212.

Decalogue, 70, 221 fr, 336, 410.
Dervishes, 89.

Deuteronomic Code, 140, 332, 383,
387, 393, 399, 426, 461.
Deuteronomy, 195 ff., 417, 420 ff.,
515 f.

Development, 34 f., 158, 264, 294,
301 f., 325, 334, 404, 425 f., 471,
480 ff.-prophetic, 144, 319.
Discipline, Book of, 337 f.
Discolouring of history, 31, 33, 39,
92, 116 f., 147, 157. See Alluvial,
Redaction.

Discredited testimony, 149, 302, 319,
347, 467.

Documents, private, 479. See Sources.
Dreams, 210.

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Ethic monotheism, 155, 302 ff., 314,
409. See Character.

Evil ascribed to God, 293.
Exile, the, 429, 433.

Exodus, the, 77, 110 f., 194, 217, 288,
376 f., 379.

Ezekiel, 200, 208, 217, 335, 384, 397 f.,
427, 430 ff., 452.

Ezra, 382, 385, 398, 433, 457, 482.

Feasts, cycle, 372 ff., 401-historical
reference, 375. See Agriculture.
Fetishism, 169, 199, 210 ff.

Fiction, legal, 420-historical, 424,
434 ff., 468 f.

Fire-worship, 241 ff.
First-born, 249 ff.
Fountains, sacred, 202.

Genealogies, 80, 123 ff., 499.
Gibeonites, 262.
Gideon's ephod, 230 f.

Grace as a divine attribute, 323.
Graf, 395, 415 f., 417 ff., 466.

Hadad, 177.

Haggai, 361, 434, 459.
Heine and Renan, 494.

Hezekiah's reform, 235 f., 370, 457.
High places, 201, 248, 403 ff., 450.
History not annals, 36-in guise of
legend, 123-study of, 92-writing
of, 61 f.-periods of, 131- and
archæology, 133. See Discolouring,
Manufacture.

Holiness in Jahaveh's character, 309
f. law of, 383 in the law,
458.

Homer and writing, 64.
Hosea, 53, 57-style, 58, 61, 67, 512
-and the calves, 227-and written
law, 342 ff., 392-and sacrifices, 344,
446-and history, 148 f.
Hosts, Lord of, 182, 503 f.

Image-worship, 223 f., 308.
Indirect speech, 422 ff.
Inspiration, 489 f.

Interpolations in Amos and Hosea,
147.

Isaac, legend of, 125.

Isaiah and God's dwelling-place, 213
f.—and ritual, 443 f.—and Bamoth,

450.

Israel and Judah, 514.

Jacob, the name, 180-at Bethel, 198.
Jashar, book of, 61 f., 67, 81.
Jau, Babylonian deity, 271.
Jealousy, divine, 298.

Jehovah, pronunciation of, 32-signi-
fication, 281 ff.

Jephthah, 255 f.-and Chemosh, 303.
Jeremiah and sacrifice, 448-incon-
sistency, 451 f.
Jeroboam's calves, 219.
Joel, book of, 519.

Joh, moon-god, 272 f.
Joseph, the name, 180 f.

Josiah, 371, 408, 427, 447, 455.
Joyousness of worship, 366, 371 f.
Judges, book of, 54, 116, 346-period,
133 f., 233, 346.

Kenites, 274.

Index.

Kings, books of, 53, 116.
König, F. E., his critical position, 517.

Lang, Andrew, 3, 189.

Language, imperfection of, 304 f.-
and the dates of documents, 493 f.,
516 f.

Law, codes and books, 331-moral
and ceremonial, 458-and Gospel,
463. See Modification, Torah.
Legalism. See Prophets.
Legend, 123, 129 f.
Levites, 349 f., 360, 452.

Levitical Code, 346, 361, 383, 386 f.,
393, 417, 427 ff., 436. See Priestly.
Literary age, 61, 63 f.

Literature, early, 16-specified, 53-
characterised, 57 ff.-of India, 80.
Localising of Deity, 206, 209.
Love, divine, 323.

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Moloch, 153, 178, 187, 241 ff., 282,
300.

Monolatry and Monotheism, 302,
508 f.

Monotheism, nascent, 320 f.-and

unity of worship, 327. See Ethic.
Montenegrin songs, 79.
Mosaism, 159, 220, 495 f.
Moses, the name, 179-and Jahaveh's
character, 299 f., 325-laws ascribed
to, 335 ff. his times, 337, 495-
little mentioned, 350 f.-deciding
cases, 359-his grandson, 233, 347.
Mythology, 187, 299, 504 ff.
Legend.

Nature feasts, 329, 363 -God, 210.
Nazirites, 71, 113.

See

Nebiim, 87, 90, 154, 363.

Nebo, 177, 179.

523

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Philistine wars, 94, 204, 315.

Philosophy of history, 115.

Phraseology, religious, 65, 68 f.

Political events, 315 f.

Polytheism in Israel, 168, 302.
Popular religion, 161, 311. See Pro-
phetic.

Praxis, 361, 399 ff., 428, 442.
Priestly Code, 141, 332, 371, 375, 400
ff., 411, 429. See Levitical.
Priests as educators, 105 — acting
with prophets, 461.

Primitive peoples and conceptions,
207, 214, 247, 483, 487.
Programme, 337, 399 f.

Prophetic and pre-prophetic, 52, 72,
165, 169, 297-and popular, 154,
158, 307 ff., 314 ff., 323, 454-devel-
opment, 163.

Prophets referred to by Amos and
Hosea, 71-background of, 73
false, 144 f.- -"schools" of, 83 ff.
literary activity, 94-guardians of
tradition, 96-destroyers of old re-
ligion, 310-and legalism, 448 ff.,
463-acting with priests, 461.
Psalms and law, 345-and criticism,
474.

Pseudonymous literature, 420 ff.

Quotations. See References.

Redaction, 139-142.

References and quotations, 108, 339 f.
Reformers or originators, 68, 71, 156
- before Josiah, 447.

Religion of Israel, 15, 16 f., 21 f., 24,
28-pre-Mosaic, 206, 284-ideal and
actual, 160, 308-missionary, 19-
universal, 311-heart of, 473-in
old Israel, 475. See Patriarchal,
Popular, Prophetic, Prophets.
Remnant, the, 115 f.

Renan, 153, 189, 197, 243, 483, 490 f.,
494.

Restoration, the, 457. See Exile.
Revelation, 462.

Reviews or summaries, 54, 116 f., 149.
Rimmon, 177.

Roeh, 88, 90. See Nebiim.
Romance, 126 f.

Sabbath, 335, 396.

Sacrifice, ancient, 335-human, see
First-born.
Salmsézab, 197, 300.

Samuel, 81, 83, 91, 446 f.-book of,
54, 346, 367.

Sanctuaries, local, 199, 201, 409-
many, 405 ff.
Saturn worship, 258.

Saul, name of, 179.

Schleiermacher, 35.

Shaddai, 243, 282.

Shiloh, 346, 407, 411 f.

Sifting of tradition, 143, 467.
Discolouring.

Silence, argument from, 395.

See

Sinai, name, 177, 179-God's dwelling,
193.

Socin and exploration, 102 f.

Solomon, time of, 81 f.-the name,
179, 181.

Songs, transmission of, 60 f., 79.
"Sources," 53, 496, 513-free hand-
ling of, 205, 467.
Speeches, 422. See Indirect.
Statutes, 341 f., 359, 362.
Style of O.T. narrative, 424.
Stones, sacred, 203.

Summaries. See Reviews.

Sun myth, 186-god, 245.
Symbols to denote writers, 56, 478 ff.,
497.
Syncretism, 173 f.

Tabernacle, 217, 409, 411 f., 517.
Tabernacles, feast of 401.
Talmud, 24, 482, 496.
Tell-el-Amarna, 77, 79, 133.
Temple, the, 393, 400, 406,412, 428, 447.
Teraphim, 219, 238 f.

Testimony of a nation, 72 f., 109, 135,
279.

Theophanies, 200, 408.
Theopneust, 156, 314.
Thoreau on history, 37, 132.
Thunder, Thunderer, 209, 281 f., 286
f., 314.

Topographical accuracy, 97 ff.
Torah, 341-oral, 354-priestly and
prophetic, 354 ff., 441 ff.-book of,
415 ff.-Toroth, 343, 392, 441.
"Traditional" view, 35, 43 f., 382,
465, 495.

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