synod of Brefi, may be dated the arrival of Cadfan at the head of a large company of saints from Armorica.” 1 Einion Frenin was the great-grandson of Cunedda, and probably belonged to the first half of the sixth century.

The Iolo MSS. are not a very trustworthy authority. In them it is stated, "Dochdwy came with Cadfan to this island, and was in Bardsey, and afterwards he was Bishop in the Church of Teilo, in Llandaff, whilst Teilo was in Bardsey with the saints there, superintending the Choir after the death of Cadfan." 2 Such a statement is clearly apocryphal. Teilo died about 580, and Cadfan was half brother of Winwaloe, the son of the same mother by a first husband, and consequently at least two years older than Winwaloe. This latter saint died in 532, “ full of days." He was born about 457, and we may suppose that Cadfan was born at least as early as 447, but probably much earlier, if he were a grown man when he came over to Britain, about 462.

S. CADFARCH, Confessor

S. CADFARCH was a son of the well-known Caradog Freichfras ab Llyr Merini, by Tegau Eurfron, daughter of Nudd Hael, celebrated in the Triads for her beauty and chastity. He had as brothers SS. Cawrdaf, Tangwn, and Maethlu, and he was the father of S. Elgud.3 He was a saint or monk of Bangor Dunawd on the banks of the Dee, and, formerly, the patron of the church of Abererch, in the promontory of Lleyn. His brother Cawrdaf is now generally, and has been for some time, accounted the patron of Abererch, as also sometimes of Llangoed, in Anglesey, either solely or conjointly with Tangwn.* The older genealogies, however, never associate Cawrdaf with either. There is a Ffynnon Gadfarch near the site of a now extinct capella, called Llangedwydd, at the northern end of Abererch parish, and a

1 Essay on the Welsh Saints, p. 213.

2 Iolo MSS., p. 112.

3 Peniarth MSS. 16 (early thirteenth century) and 45 (late thirteenth century); Hafod MS. 16; Myv. Arch., p. 420; Iolo MSS., pp. 104, 123; CambroBritish Saints, p. 267. Some of the genealogies make him to be the son of Cawrdaf, but he was really his brother (Myv. Arch., p. 420).

4 See, e.g., the old parish lists in Evans, Report on Welsh MSS., i, pp. 912-3, and cf. Myv. Arch., pp. 423, 741. Browne Willis, Bangor, pp. 275, 282, gives

both as dedicated to Cawrdaf.

Ffynnon Gawrdaf at Abererch. There is also a Cadair Gawrdaf (his chair) near the church.

Cadfarch is the patron of Penegoes church, called occasionally Llangadfarch, in Montgomeryshire. On the chalice, dated 1728, the church is called "Ecclesia de Pen Egwest alias Llan Gadfarch." Ffynnon Gadfarch is mentioned in the terrier of 1687, and Bishop Maddox in his MS. book Z, in the Episcopal Library at S. Asaph, has the following note, St. Gadfarch's Well is in one field of ye Glebe. Ano'yr P'cel of ye Glebe is called Erw Gadfarch." The well is still esteemed for its efficacy in cases of rheumatism. One of the fields on the glebe belonging to Meifod is also called Ffynnon Gadfarch.

His Festival, October 24, is not found in the earlier calendars, but it occurs in the calendars in the Welsh Prymers of 1618 and 1633, in the calendar prefixed to Allwydd Paradwys, 1670 (as Calofarch), and in almanacks generally of the eighteenth century. Browne Willis also gives the same day.1 See S. CAWRDAF.

His name has a parallel in the Greek Ἱππόμαχος. As a common noun it means a war-horse or charger.

S. CADFRAWD, Bishop, Confessor

His name occurs among the mythical gwelygordd or clan of Brân ab Llyr. His genealogy is variously given, as the son of Cadfan ab Cynan ab Eudaf ab Caradog ab Brân, and the son of Cadfan ab Eudaf ab Coel ab Cyllin ab Caradog ab Brân. He was the father of SS. Gwrmael and Cadgyfarch. He is said to be the patron of Caerleon (now S. Cadoc), and to have been a bishop, but his see is not given.2 It has been supposed that Cadfrawd was the same as Adelfius, who is recorded to have been present at the Council of Arles in 314, the names being "almost a translation of each other." 3 Caerleon may have been the seat of a bishopric, as Giraldus Cambrensis maintained, and Adelfius may have been bishop of the see, but there is no clear evidence that he came from this town or district. He is called in the entry "episcopus de civitate Colonia Londinensium." There is evidently some error here. Haddan and Stubbs and others have suggested Legionensium for Londinensium, making it refer to Caerleon ;

1 Bangor, p. 361.

3 Rees, Welsh Saints, p. 100.

2 Iolo MSS., pp. 116, 135-6.

4 Mansi, Conc., ii, p. 467.

but another reading-and a more probable one-finds favour, which takes it as standing for Lindensium, "of Lincoln." 1

S. CADGYFARCH, Bishop, Confessor

CADGYFARCH was a son of the previous saint, and brother of S. Gwrmael. He is said to have been a bishop, but we are not told of what see, and to be the patron of the church of Bryn Buga, the old name for Usk, situated in the hundred or commote of the name in Monmouthshire. Usk church is now dedicated to S. Mary Magdalene

S. CADO, CADOR, or CADWY, Prince, Confessor

THIS saint was a son of Geraint, prince of Devon and Cornwall. He has been laid hold of by Geoffrey of Monmouth, and brought into his fictitious history. He makes Cador, Duke of Cornwall, come to the assistance of Arthur when besieging the Saxon Colgrin in York. Colgrin appeals for help to Germany, and Baldulf, brother of Colgrin, goes to his aid at the head of a body of six thousand men, but is waylaid by Cador and defeated. A little later, when Arthur hastens to Alclud, where Howel lies sick, and is besieged by the Picts and Scots, Cador is placed in command of the army opposed to the Saxons. "The Duke of Cornwall, who had the command of ten thousand men, would not as yet pursue the Saxons in their flight, but speedily made himself master of their ships. . . . After this he hastily pursued the enemy and allowed no quarter." Then we have Lucius Tiberius, procurator of the Roman Commonwealth, making war on Arthur, and in a great battle that ensues Cador distinguishes himself.

All this rubbish may be cast aside. The sole element of truth in it, is the naming of Cado as Duke of Cornwall, and father of Constantine, probably "the tyrannical whelp of the unclean lioness of Domnonia," whom Gildas assailed with such rancour.

Cataw or Cado, with his brothers Cyngar, Iestyn, and Selyf, are

1 Bright, Early English Church History, pp. 10, 11; Haverfield in English Hist. Review, July, 1896, p. 419.

2 Iolo MSS., pp. 116, 136.

mentioned in the Myvyrian Bonedd1 as sons of Geraint ab Erbin. They were saints of Llancarfan. In Peniarth MS. 127 (early sixteenth century) his name is written Cattw, but the Iolo MSS.2 genealogies identify him with Caw, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd. The two were confounded at an early period.3

Cato or Cado is mentioned in the Life of S. Carannog, where we are told, in an episode relating to the foundation of Carantock Church in Cornwall, that "in those times, Cato and Arthur ruled in that country, living at Dindraithov," that is, in Welsh, Dindraethwy, a place known to be in Cornwall-"the Dun Tredui, the three-fossed fort of Crimthan Mor (366--378) in Britain, when the Gadhels held sway there down to the Ictian Sea." 5 He is mentioned, as "Cathov filius Gerentonis," in the Genealogy of S. Winnoc. Cado, son of Geraint, occurs in the early fifteenth century pedigrees in the Jesus College (Oxon) MS. 20, and he is there given a son, Pedur or Peredur, who is probably to be identified with the Berth, son of Cado, in the Tale of Culhwch and Olwen.o His name assumes also the form Cadwy; and he is mentioned in the Triads? as one of the three men (al. the three in Arthur's court) who were "best towards guests and strangers." 8

"8

No churches bear the name of Cado in Wales or in Cornwall. It is possible that Portscatho may be named after him; it is in a portion of Cornwall redolent with reminiscences of Geraint and the royal Domnonian family. But probably any church he may have founded, if he did found any, has been attributed to the better known and more popular Cadoc.

S. CADOC or CATWG THE ELDER, Abbot

THE Conversion of S. Illtyd took place when he was a married man, when he was hardly younger or older than twenty-seven. He became a famous abbot, and the epoch when he exercised his great influence

1 Myv. Arch., pp. 421, 423.

2 Pp. 116, 136.

3 Caw is in one passage in the Tale of Culhwch and Olwen (Oxford Mabinogion, P. 123) called Cado, and in the Bonedd in Hafod MS. 16, Cadw. Cado also occurs for Cato the Philosopher.

4 Cambro-British Saints, pp. 99-100.

5 Cormac's Glossary; Old Irish Glossaries, W. Stokes, Lond. 1862, p. xlviii. 6 Oxf. Mabin., p. 108.

7

Myv. Arch., p. 393; see also Oxf. Mabin., pp. 106, 139.

See Mr. Egerton Phillimore's valuable note in Y Cymmrodor, xi, pp. 90-I.