latter Llanddeiniol is y Llyn,' in contradistinction. It is generally supposed that Llanfor, like Llannor in Carnarvonshire, is dedicated. to S. Mor ab Ceneu; but the earlier form of both names was Llanfawr, i.e., the Large Church. Moreover, the wakes at Llanfor followed S. Deiniol's Day, September II, and there is a Ffynnon Ddaniel by the churchyard fence. Rees 2 gives a Nantgyndanyll, in Carnarvonshire, as dedicated to him. It is now unknown, but it is probably a mistake for Llangwnadl (S. Gwynhoedl), also called Nangwnadl. In a document circa 1498 an Isle in the See called Seynt Danyell's Isle, otherwise called Ennys Moylronyon "3 (the Seals' Island) is mentioned as belonging to the See of Bangor. It is off the north coast of Anglesey, and is now known as the Skerries. In South Wales there are a few dedications to him :-Llanddeiniol or Carrog, in Cardiganshire, at one time a prebend in the collegiate Church of Llanddewi Brefi; and the chapel of S. Daniel or Deiniol, about a mile south of Pembroke, once attached to Monkton Priory. It was on an eminence, and in Fenton's time had become a Methodist conventicle. "' + The Church of Itton, in Monmouthshire, formerly called Llanddeiniol, is dedicated to him, and seems to be the Church mentioned in the Book of Llan Dâv as Lann Diniul (Diniuil or Dineul). Llangarran (near the river Garran), in Herefordshire, is also ascribed to Deiniol.5 Near the Church of Penally, Pembrokeshire, is the Holy Well of S. Deiniol or Daniel, and another in the parish of Penbryn, Cardiganshire. His festival day is given in the Welsh Calendars on September II, and occurs in a good number from the fifteenth century downwards. The Wakes at Llanuwchllyn and Llanfor were on this day, and a fair is still held at the former on the 22nd. December is also given in Allwydd Paradwys and Willis' Bangor (p. 272); and December 10 by Ussher and Rees. There was a fair held at Hawarden on the 10th (O.S.), and later on the 21st. Not a single early Calendar, however, enters him in December. Deiniol died according to the Annales Cambriae in 584, and was buried in Bardsey." 1 Y Traethodydd, 1877, p. 69. S. Deiniol for Llanfor occurs in Willis, Bangor, p. 362; Liber Regis, ed. Bacon, 1786, p. 1049; and J. G. Evans, Report on Welsh MSS., i, p. 913. 2 Welsh Saints, p. 332. 4 Pembrokeshire, 1811, p. 375. 3 Willis, Bangor, p. 244. In the Valor of 1535 (iv, p. 387) it is called "Libera Capella Sancti Danielis juxta Pembr’.” 5 Arch. Camb., 1861, p. 115. Gwallter Mechain in a MS. note:-" Llech Ddeinioel, Llanrhaiadr in Cynmeirch, where was a building, but now a long pavement." • Giraldus, Itin. Camb., ii, c. 6. He is represented, with SS. Asaph, Winefred, and Marchell, in fifteenth century glass in the chancel window of Llandyrnog Church, in the Vale of Clwyd. There was formerly a figure of him in a window on the south side of the Choir of Bangor Cathedral. Bishop Sheffington (died 1533) in his will directed that his body be buried at Beaulieu, and his "Harte be caryed to Bangor, there to be buryed in the Cathedrall Churche, before the Pictour of Saint Daniell." 1 He is not infrequently referred to or invoked by the mediaeval Welsh bards, and especially by Dafydd ab Gwilym and Lewis Glyn Cothi. The former exclaims in one passage, "Myn Delw Deinioel! (By Deiniol's image!) 3 "2 He is mentioned in the Life of S. Elgar, who had been shipwrecked on Bardsey Island, and had lived there as a hermit for seven years. Caradog hearing of him, came to interview him. Elgar told him that holy spirits ministered to him day and night, and that, although separated from him, yet when he met them he knew them by their frequent intercourse. They were Dubricius, Daniel, bishop of the Church of Bangor, Padarn, and many others, whose bodies lay buried in that island.1 That he was for a while in Brittany is probable, as he is venerated there as S. Denoual, at a church bearing that name near Matignon in Côtes du Nord, and at Plangenoual in the same department, near Pléneuf; also at La Harmoye, where Gildas had a settlement. There was a statue of him habited as a monk at Saint Denoual, which was destroyed during the Revolution in 1793. Ploudaniel, in Finistère, does not apparently take its name from him, but from some British lay settler of the same name. He probably crossed in 547, flying from the Yellow Plague. His festival is given by O'Gorman and Maguire, and in the Martyrologies of Donegal and Tallagh, as that of Daniel, Bishop of Bennchoir, on September 11, his generally received day of commemoration in Wales. 1 Willis, Bangor, p. 246; cf. pp. 17, 98. The Chapter seal has a figure of him habited, with mitre and crozier (Ibid., p. 45). 2 Works, ed. 1789, p. 291; cf. p. 171. In the Hoianau occurs the line (Black Book of Carmarthen, ed. Evans, 1906, p. 56) :— When Deinoel, the son of Dunawd Deinwyn, becomes enraged. There seems to be an allusion here to the burning of Bangor by King John in 1210 (Ibid., p. xxviii; Bruts, Oxford, p. 347). 3 Book of Llan Dâv, p. 3. 4 The prophet Daniel (Deinioel) is somewhat similarly introduced in the Life of S. Beuno. According to one of the Triads of the third or latest series, Deiniol was one of " the three Holy Bachelors (Gwynfebydd) of the Isle of Britain ” (Myv. Arch., P. 409). S. DEINIOL THE YOUNGER, Abbot, Confessor AN entry in the Iolo MSS.1 states, “Deinioel, the son of Deinioel ail ab Dunawd ab Pabo Post Prydain, was a Saint of Bangor Maelor, upon the destruction of which he went to Gwynedd uwch Conwy, where he presided over the Côr of Bangor Fawr in Arllechwedd, which is called Bangor Deinioel, in the time of Cadwaladr Fendigaid, who gave lands towards that Côr." The word ail, second, is here clearly misplaced, as it must refer to Deinioel the Younger, known also as Deiniolfab and Deiniolen,2 the son of Deiniol the Elder, Abbot of Bangor in Arfon. He was, as far as we know, his only son. He was brought up under his grandfather at Bangor Iscoed, and is said to have succeeded his father in the abbacy. 3 Leland says of him-" erat, ut ferunt, discipulus Kibii, vel, ut quidam volunt, Beunoi." He was most probably a disciple of Beuno, as his name occurs in the list of six persons supposed to have been raised from the dead by that Saint (Peniarth MS. 75). He is the founder of two Churches, Llanddeiniolfab or Llanddeiniol, under Llanidan, in Anglesey, and Llanddeiniolen, in Carnarvonshire. In the former parish is Ffynnon Ddaniel, which had the property of removing warts; whilst in the latter is Ffynnon Ddeiniolen, a little distance south of the Church, on the road side, which was formerly in great repute in rheumatic and scorbutic cases. In the latter parish is also situated the well-known chalybeate spring, Ffynnon Cegin Arthur (the Well of Arthur's Kitchen). Deiniolen's festival is given as November 22 in Welsh Calendars of the sixteenth century and later, and also in many Welsh Almanacks of the eighteenth century, and by Browne Willis. It occurs, however, as the 23rd in the Cambrian Register, which is followed by many subsequent writers. The wake in the Anglesey parish was on the 23rd, and not on September 11 (S. Deiniol the Elder), as given by Browne Willis, Angharad Llwyd, and others. 1 P. 127. 6 2 This form led Lewis Morris, naturally enough, to call him Deiniolen Santes" (Celtic Remains, p. 127). The suffix is, apparently, diminutive. 3 Collectanea, 1774, iv, p. 85; Itin. in Wales, ed. L. T. Smith, 1906, p. 129. S. DERFEL GADARN, Confessor DERFAEL or Derfel Gadarn was son of Hywel Mawr ab Emyr Llydaw by Alma Pompeia, and the brother of Dwyfael (Iolo MSS.) or Dwywai (Myo. Arch.), Arthfael, and Hywel Fychan (father of SS. Cristiolus and Rhystud). Hywel the Elder is called Hywel Faig or Farchog, and is said to have been buried at Llantwit Major. Derfael, Dwyfael and Arthfael were saints" of Llantwit, and the first two are supposed to have afterwards gone with Cadfan, their cousin, to Bardsey.1 If the Breton tradition be trustworthy there was another brother, S. Tudwal, bishop of Tréguier, whose mother was Alma Pompeia. Arthfael became a man of great ecclesiastical import in Brittany. Derfel is usually given the epithet Cadarn,2 "the Mighty." In early life he was a warrior, and his might and prowess in war are constantly alluded to by the mediaeval Welsh bards. He is reported to have been present at the battle of Camlan, in 537, when he greatly distinguished himself.3 He is the patron of Llandderfel, Merionethshire, where his wooden image was held in high reverence, as we find from correspondence that took place at the Reformation. Dr. Ellis Prys or Price (generally known as Y Doctor Coch, of Plas Iolyn, Co. Denbigh), Cromwell's Commissary-General for the Diocese of S. Asaph, in a letter dated April 6, 1538, wrote desiring special instructions as to what to do with respect to the image of "Darvel Gadarn,” “in whome the people have so greate confidence, hope, and truste, that they cumme dayly a pilgramage unto hym, somme with kyne, other with oxen or horsis, and the reste withe money in so muche that there was fyve or syxe hundrethe pilgrames, to a mans estimacion, that offered to the saide Image the fifte daie of this presente monethe of Aprill. The innocente 1 Iolo MSS., PP. 112, 133; Myv. Arch., p. 424. Derfel is sometimes said, but wrongly, to be brother to Cristiolus and Rhystud. In the name Maelderw we seem to have the compounds transposed. 2 Compare Efrog Gadarn, Hawys Gadarn, Ercwlff Gadarn, Ector Gadarn, etc. 3 Lewis Glyn Cothi, Works, 1837, pp. 19, 216; Cefn Coch MSS., 1899, pp. 304, 430; Cynfeirdd Lleyn, 1905, p. 16; the collected poems of Howel Swrdwal, ed. J. C. Morrice, 1908, p. 20. Cotton MS. Cleopatra E. iv; Wright, Suppression of the Monasteries, Camden Series, p. 190; Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry IIII, ed. Jas. Gairdner. Bp. Barlow in his letter, written about 1539, to Cromwell, asking him to translate the see from S. David's to Carmarthen, refers him to Dervel gadern Conoch, and such other Welsh gods, antique gargels of idolatry" (printed in Fenton, Pembrokeshire, ed. 1903, P. 335). Michael Wodde in his Dialogue between two Neighbours, 1554, says, "If the Welchman wold have a pursse, he praied to Darvel Gatherne.” The Taxatio of 1291 and l ́alor of 35 take no notice of these offerings. people hathe ben sore alured and entisid to worshipe the said Image, in so muche that there is a commyn sayinge as yet amongist them, that who so ever will offer anie thinge to the saide Image of Darfelgadarn, he hathe power to fatche hym or them that so offers oute of Hell when they be dampned." He was instructed to send it up to London, but the people remonstrated. In a second letter he says that "the person and the parysheners profered him fortie powndes that the said Ymage shulde not be convaide to London," and because he had refused, they were coming up to make their complaint in person. 'A An excerpt from Hall's Chronicles completes the history of the image. There was a Franciscan Friar, John Forest, of Greenwich, confessor to Catherine of Aragon, who, for denying the King's supremacy was condemned to be burnt in Smithfield, May 22, 1538. little before the execution a huge and great Image (Derfel's) was brought to the gallows. The Welshmen had a prophecy that this Image should set a whole forest afire; which prophecy now took effect, for he set this friar Forest on fire, and consumed him to nothing. "Upon the gallows that he died on was set up, in great letters, these verses following: David Darvel Gatheren, As sayth the Welshman, Fetched outlawes out of Hell; For in Wales he may not dwel. And Foreest the Freer, That obstinate lyer, That wylfully shal be dead, In his contumacye The Gospel doeth deny, The Kyng to be supreme heade. Bishop Latimer was requested to preach at the execution. He replied that he was quite ready " to play the fool after his customable manner when Forest should suffer," and he desired that his stage might stand near Forest, so that the poor martyr might hear what he howled forth. But he expressed his fear lest the man should be too well treated in Newgate, and that he should be allowed before his death to receive the Sacrament. The whole letter is not pleasant reading. Forest was suspended in chains from a pair of gallows with Derfel underneath him; the wooden image was set on fire, and Forest perished slowly in the flames. There are still preserved at Llandderfel, in the church porch, certain relics of Derfel, which are popularly called his Ceffyl (horse) and Ffon |