YEARS. DAYS. READY REFERENCE CALENDAR. YEARS. DAYS. 697 1814. 3, Mariano Matamoros, a hero of the In- 1551. 3, The Academy of Fine Arts of Mexico is established bya decree of Charles V. of Spain. 46 dependence, is executed. 4, Saint Dominic, of Guzman, the origi- 1802. 4, The statue of Carlos IV. is cast at one 1814. 7, Pius VIII. issues a bull re-establishing the Jesuits in Mexico. 1782. 10, Birth of Vicente Guerrero. 1862, 8, General Zaragoza dies of typhus 1847. 8, Battle of Molino del Rey, between 1847. 12, The American Army presents itself 1843. 11, Santa Anna orders a feast to celeat El Penon in front of Mexico. brate the victory of Tampico. 1854. 12, Raousset de Boulbon is shot in the 1847. 14, Occupation of Mexico by the Ameri State of Guayamas. 1857. 12, Messrs. Masso obtain a railroad concession from San Juan to Acapul Co. 1521. 13, Surrender of Mexico City after three can army. From the roofs and windows the inhabitants throw at the soldiers blazing wood, stones, and dirty water; the day before they had taken Chapultepec. months' siege. The number of 1864. 15, Maximilian pronounces at Dolores people killed exceeded 400,000. 1869. 13, Erection of the statue of Cuantimotzin in the paseo of La Viga. 1446 16, Inundation of Mexico City under Montezuma I. 1711. 16, An earthquake is felt in the Valley 1548. 18, Date of Hernand Cortez's Will. 46 20, Battle of Churubusco between the 1837. 22, Date of the first concession of the 1810. 1865. a speech in commemoration of the Mexican independence. "Bank holiday. The first cry of independence is raised in Dolores at 11 o'clock P. M. It is celebrated on the 16th. "In memory of the Independence, Maximilian erects the statue of Morelos. 1829. 16, A decree is issued abolishing slavery in Mexico. 1869. 16, Inauguration of the railway line from Apizaco to Puebla. railroad from Vera Cruz to Mexico. 1808. 16, Viceroy Iturrigary is arrested; first symptoms of the Independence. 1821. 24, The treaty is signed between Iturbide and O'Donojú, recognizing the in- 1874. 16, Inauguration of the statue of Hi- Inundation of Mexico City. It lasted two years. 1518. 26, Destruction by fire of the large Aztec temple. Montezuma, having heard of the appearance of Juan de Grivalva in the waters of Vera Cruz, 1620. 21, Inundation of the City of Mexico, considered the fire to be a bad omen. which was two yards under water during several years. 1521. 27, Cortez gives orders to rebuild the 1519. 22, First entrance of Cortez into Tlascala. Monterey is taken by the American 1873. 25, Nomination of the Senate. Modifi- including René Masson, the pro- 1821. 27, The trigarente army enters Mexico, prietor of the French newspaper headed by Iturbide. "Le Trait d' Union," are transported 1838. 27, Iturbide's remains are deposited in 1779. 29, An epidemic of the small-pox, 10,000 victims; vaccination is put into 1867. 28, Law concerning the moneys bearing 1667. 31, The Cathedral of Mexico is finished. 1810. 29, Viceroy Venegas offers $10,000 for 1843. 31, The Parian is destroyed by Santa Anna. September. 1867. 1, Admiral Tegethoff comes to Mexico each of the heads of Hidalgo, Allende, and Aldama. 1865. 30, Inauguration of the statue of Morelos. October. City to claim the remains of Max- 1867. 6, The concession for the canal across imilian. 1865. 2, Inundation of Mexico City. the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is granted to La Sere & Co. 1870. 13, Law of amnesty to those who served 1859. 29, The law of Lynch is applied at GuadMaximilian. 1810. 13, Hidalgo is summoned by the Inqui alajara, for the first time in the country, on Pielago and Monayo. sition Court to present himself 1803. 29, Erection of the statue of Carlos IV., 1814. 24, The first constitution is promulgated 1541. 30, The inhabitants of Mexico learn the 1612. 28, Vera Cruz is burnt by Pedro Hernan dez Cordova. 1822. 30, Iturbide dissolves Congress. December. 1520. 31, Death of Citlahuatzin, the penultimo 1547. 2, Death of F. Cortez at Castilleja de la Aztec Emperor of Mexico. Cuesta, Spain. 1861. 31, The treaty of London is signed, by 1592. 2, The remains of H. Cortez are transwhich England, France, and Spain ferred to the hospital of Jesus. engage to send their squadrons 1802. 4, Medals are distributed to the troops into the waters of Mexico. November. 1520. 1, Bank holiday-Cuantimotzin ascends the throne of Mexico; he is sur 1822. who were present at the battle of 1860. 4, Law on the liberty of religions. named the "Annibal of Anahuac." 1861. 8, The Spanish squadron appears in the 2, Bank holiday; visits to the ceme teries. 1571. 4, Pedro Moya de Contreras establishes the first inquisition tribunal. 1815. 6, Morelos is made a prisoner by a soldier named Matias Carranco. 1519. 8, Cortez makes his first entry into Mexico City. Montezuma goes to receive him and takes him to his 1880. 13, Mexican National Railway concespalace of Axayacatl. 1846. 10, Tampico falls into the power of Americans. 1868. 10, The concession of the railroad from Vera Cruz to the Pacific is confirmed. 1531. 12, Bank holiday; feast day of Guadalupe Hidalgo, anniversary of the miracle. sion. 1874. 14, Law on church property. 1774. 15, Velasquez de Leon proposes a new 1864. 19, The first court-martial is established 1867. 12, Admiral Tegethoff leaves Mexico with the remains of Maximilian. 1869. 15, Seward is welcomed to Mexico. 1813. 16, The Independency of Mexico is de- 1667. 22, The Cathedral of Mexico is finally 1871. 16, Inauguration of the school of arts 1861. 22, The Spanish troops land at Vera Cruz. and trades for girls. 1860. 17, Marques, by the orders of Miramon, robs the money deposited at the English Consulate. 1867. 26, Admiral Tegethoff leaves Vera Cruz with the remains of Maximilian 1520. 24, Cortez completes his plan of attack- Bank holiday-Christmas. on board the frigate "Nevara," 1420. 26, Inauguration of the Aztec Calendar 1815. 27, The last auto-da-fé of the Mexican in the large Teocali of Mexico City. 1860. 27, Law destroying monastery orders throughout Mexico. 1607. 28, The works for the draining of the valley of Mexico are begun. 1866. 27, Decree cancelling the concession of the railway from Vera Cruz to the 1520. 31, Cortez enters Texcoco, abandoned by Pacific. its inhabitants. 1869. 27, A banquet of 400 covers is given to 1870. 31, The number of emigrants to Mexico Seward. 1867. 28, A law is issued fixing the 15th Sep from all nations amounted this year to 11,350. tember, 1868. as the last term of 1881. 31, The number of emigrants from all circulation of the money bearing nations this year 23,759. APPENDIX. TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, LIMITS, AND SETTLEMENT, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC, CONCLUDED AT GUADALUPE HIDALGO, ON THE SECOND DAY OF FEBRUARY, WITH AMENDMENTS BY THE AMERICAN SENATE, MARCH 10TH, 1848, AND BY THE MEXICAN SENATE, MAY 25тн, 1848. In the name of Almighty God: THE TREATY. The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincero desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two republics, and to establish on a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits on the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony, and mutual confidence wherein the two people should live as good neighbours, have, for that purpose, appointed their respective plenipotentiaries; that is to say, the President of the United States has appointed N. P. Trist, a citizen of the United States, and the President of the Mexican republic has appointed Don Louis Gonzaga Cuevas, Don Bernardo Conto, and Don Miguel Atristain, citizens of the said republic, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the author of peace, arranged, agreed upon, and signed the following treaty of peace, friendship, limits, and settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican republic. ART. I.-There shall be a firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican republic, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people, without exception of places or persons. ART. II. Immediately on the signature of this treaty, a convention shall be entered into between a commissioner or commissioners appointed by the general-in-chief of the forces of the United States, and such as may be appointed by the Mexican government, to the end that a provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place; and that in the places occupied by the said forces, constitutional order may be re-established, as regards the political, administrative, and judicial branches, so far as this shall be permitted by the circumstances of military occupation. ART. III.-Immediately upon the ratification of the present treaty, by the government of the United States, orders shall be transmitted to the commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring the latter (provided this treaty shall then have been ratified by the government of the Mexican republic) immediately to desist from blockading any Mexican ports; and requiring the former (under the same condition) to commence, at the earliest moment practicable, withdrawing all troops of the United States then in the interior of the Mexican republic, to points that shall be selected by common agreement, at a distance from the sea-ports not exceeding thirty leagues; and such evacuation of the interior of the republic shall be completed with the least possible delay: the Mexican government hereby binding itself to afford every facility in its power for rendering the same convenient to the troops, on their march, and in their new positions, and for promot ing a good understanding between them ard the inhabitants. In like manner, orders shall be despatched to the persons in charge of the custom-houses ut all ports occupied by the forces of the United States, requiring them (under the same condition) immediately to deliver possession of the same to the persons authorized by the Mexican government to receive it, together with all bonds and evidences of debt for duties on importations and on exportations, not yet fallen due. Moreover, a faithful and exact account shall be made out, showing the entire amount of all duties on imports and on exports, collected at such custom-houses, or elsewhere in Mexico, by authority of the United States, from and after the day of the ratification of this treaty by the government of the Mexican republic; and also an account of the cost of collection; and such entire amount, deducting only the cost of collection, shall be delivered to the Mexican government, at the city of Mexico, within three months after the exchange of ratifications. The evacuation of the capital of the Mexican republic by the troops of the United States, in virtue of the above stipulation, shall be completed in one month after the orders there stipulated for shall have been received by the commander of said troops, or sooner if possible. ART. IV. Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty all castles, forts, territories, places and possessions, which have been taken and occupied by the forces of the United States during the present war, within the limits of the Mexican republic, as about to be established by the following article, shall be definitely restored to the said republic, together with all the artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, and other public property, which were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain there at the time when this treaty shall be duly ratified by the government of the Mexican republic. To this end, immediately upon the signature of this treaty, orders shall be despatched to the American officers commanding such castles and ports, securing against the removal or destruction of any such artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other public property. The city of Mexico, within the inner line of intrenchments, surrounding the said city, is comprehended in the above stipulations, as regards the restoration of artillery, apparatus of war, &c. The final evacuation of the territory of the Mexican republic by the forces of the United States, shall be completed in three months from the said exchange of ratifications, or sooner if possible: the Mexican republic hereby engaging, as in the foregoing article, to use all means in its power for facilitating stich evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the troops, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. If, however, the ratification of this treaty by both parties should not take place in time to allow the embarkation of the troops of the United States to be completed before the commencement of the sickly season, at the Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico, in such case a friendly arrangement shall be entered into between the general-in-chief of the said troops and the Mexican government, whereby healthy and otherwise suitable places, at a distance from the ports not exceeding thirty leagues, shall be designated for the residence of such troops as may not yet have embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And th space of time here referred to as comprehending the sickly season, shall be under. stood to extend from the first day of May to the first day of November. All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or on sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty. It is also agreed that if any Mexicans should now be held as captives by any savage tribe within the limits of the United States, as about to be established by the following article, the government of the said United States will exact the release of such captives, and cause them to be restored to their country. ART. V. The boundary line between the two republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of its deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea; from thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel, where it has more than one, to the point where strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico; thence, westwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to its western termination; thence northward along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the river Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same ;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific ocean. The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this article, are those laid down in the map, entitled "Map of the United Mexican States, as organized and defined by various acts of the Congress of sail republic, and constructed according to APPENDIX. 701 the best authorities. Revised edition. Published at New York, in 1847, by J. Distur nell." Of which map a copy is added to this treaty, bearing the signatures and seals of the undersigned plenipotentiaries. And in order to preclude all difficulty in tracing upon the ground the limit separating Upper from Lower California, it is agreed that the said limit shall consist of a straight line, drawn from the middle of the Rio Gila, where it unites with the Colorado, to a point on the coast of the Pacific ocean-distant one marine league due south of the southernmost point of the port of San Diego, according to the plan of said port, made in the year 1782, by Don Juan Pantojer, second sailingmaster of the Spanish fleet, and published at Madrid in the year 1802, in the atlas to the voyage of the schooners Sutil and Mexicana, of which plan a copy is hereunto added, signed and scaled by the respective plenipotentiaries. In order to designate the boundary line with due precision, upon authoritative maps, and to establish on the ground landmarks which shall show the limits of both republics, as described in the present article, the two governments shall each appoint a commissioner and a surveyor, who, before the expiration of one year from the date of the exchange of ratification of this treaty, shall meet at the port of San Diego, and proceed to run and mark the said boundary in its whole course to the mouth of the Rio Bravo del Norte. They shall keep journals and make out plans of their operations; and the result agreed upon by them, shall be deemed a part of this treaty, and shall have the same force as if it were inserted therein. The two governments will amicably agree regarding what may be necessary to these persons, and also as to their respective escorts, should such be necessary. The boundary line established by this article shall be religiously respected by each of the two republics, and no change shall ever be made therein, except by the express and free consent of both nations, lawfully given by the general government of each, in conformity with its own constitution. ART. VI.-The vessels and citizens of the United States shall, in all time, have a free and uninterrupted passage by the Gulf of California, and by the river Colorado, below its confluence with the Gila, to and from their possessions situated north of the boundary line defined in the preceding article; it being understood that this passage is to be by navigating the Gulf of California, and the river Colorado; and not by land, without the express consent of the Mexican government. If, by the examinations that may be made, it should be ascertained to be practicable and advantageous to construct a road, canal, or railway, which should, in whole or in part, run upon the river Gila, or upon its right or its left bank, within the space of one marine league from either margin of the river, the governments of both republics will form an agreement regarding its construction, in order that it may serve equally for the use and advantage of both countries. ART. VII.-The river Gila, and the part of the Del Norte lying below the southern boundary of New Mexico, being, agreeably to the fifth article, divided in the middle between the two republics, the navigation of the Gila and of the Bravo, below said boundary, shall be free and common to the vessels and citizens of both countries; and neither shall, without the consent of the other, construct any work that may impede or interrupt, in whole or in part, the exercise of this right-not even for the purpose of favouring new methods of navigation. Nor shall any tax or contribution, under any denomination or title, be levied upon vessels, or persons navigating the same, or upon merchandise, or effects, transported thereon, except in the case of landing upon one of their shores. If, for the purpose of making the said rivers navigable, or for maintaining them in such state, it should be necessary or advantageous to establish any tax or contribution, this shall not be done without the consent of both governments. The stipulations contained in the present article shall not impair the territorial rights of either republic, within its established limits. ART. VIII.—Mexicans now established in territories previously belonging to Mexico, and which remain, for the future, within the limits of the United States, as defined by the present treaty, shall be free to continue where they now reside, or to remove, at any time, to the Mexican republic, retaining the property which they possess in the said territories, or disposing thereof, and removing the proceeds wherever they please, without their being subjected, on this account, to any contribution, or tax, or charge, whatever. Those who shall prefer to remain in said territories, may either retain the title and rights of Mexican citizens, or acquire those of citizens of the United States. But they shall be under the obligation to make their selection within one year from the date of the exchange of ratifications of this treaty; and those who shall remain in the said territories, after the expiration of that year, without having declared their intention to retain the character of Mexicans, shall be considered to have elected to become citizens of the United States. In the said territories, property of every kind. now belonging to Mexicans not esta |