Joinder of actions, iii, 295, n.

Joint owner of chattel, crown cannot be, ii. 409.
Joint tenancy, ii, 180 et seq.

dissolution of, ii, 185.

good faith required in, ii, 194, n.
Jointure, ii, 137, 180.

Judgment, title to chattels by, ii, 436.
debt by, ii, 465.

remedy by elegit, ii, 162.

void if jurisdiction wanting, iii, 24, n.
arrest of, iii, 393, 394.

operates as a charge upon lands, iii, 419, n.
from what time it binds lands, iii, 420.
scire facias to revive, iii, 421 and n.
action of debt on, iii, 160.
jurisdiction of equity over, iii, 437.
decree in equity has the force of, iii, 453.
in criminal cases, iv, 375 et seq.
Judge in one's own cause, iii, 289 and n.
Judges, iii, 25, 356; iv, 440.

commissions of, i, 267.

are counsellors to the king, i, 229.
depositories of the common law, i, 69.
killing of, iv, 84.

assaults upon, iv, 125.

threats or reproaches to, iv, 126.

how counsel for prisoners, iv, 355.

are always made sergeants, iii, 26.

in equity, iii, 441, 442, 444.

punishment for misbehavior, iii, 408.

summing up of, iii, 375, n.

Jury, what persons exempted from serving on,
iii, 363.

unanimity of, iii, 375.

jury of women, iii, 362; iv, 365.
Jury, grand, iv, 302-306.
indictment by, iv, 303.

Jus ad rem, ii, 212.

Jus divinum of kings, i, 204.
Jus prætorium, iii, 49.
Justice, origin of, ii, 8, n.
right to, i, 141.

king, the fountain of, i, 266.

remedy by party's own act, iii, 1 et seq.

remedy by means of the courts, iii, 22 et seq.
neglect or refusal of, iii, 109.
offences against, iv, 128.

obstructing process, iv, 129.

escapes, prison breaches and rescues, iv, 129.
returning from transportation, iv, 132.
receiving stolen goods, &c., iv, 132.
theft-bote, iv, 133.

barretry, maintenance and champerty, iv,
134, 135.

compounding criminal information, iv, 136.
conspiracy, iv, 136.

threatening letters, and perjury, iv, 137.

bribery, embracery and false verdict, iv, 140
official negligence and oppression, iv, 140

141.

n., 280, n.; iii, 67, n., 80, n.

its present organization. iii, 69, n.

Judicial decisions, i, 63, 64.

Judicial power, i, 267, 269.

Judicial writs, iii, 282.
Judices ordinarii, iii, 315.
Judicium Dei, iv, 341, 342.

ferri, aquæ et ignis, iv, 344.
Jure, king de, i, 204; iv, 77.
Jure divino right of kings, i, 191.
Juris utrum, writ of, iii, 252.
Jurisdiction, plea to, iii, 301; iv, 333.
of courts of equity, iii, 426.
encroachment of, iii, 111.

want of, renders judgments void, iii, 24, n.
Jurors, fining or imprisoning, iv, 361.

list of, in sheriff's office, iii, 354, n.; iv, 351.
challenge of, iii, 358, 362, 363; iv, 352.
qualification of, iii, 361 and n.

trial of challenge of, iii, 362.

verdict formerly on their own knowledge, iii,
374.

may be sworn as witnesses, id.

should understand law, i, 8.

Jury, trial by, iii, 349.

its establishment in England, iii, 360.
excellence of trial by, iii, 354.

the glory of the English law, iii, 378.

impartial administration of the law promoted
by, iii, 379.

defects of trial by, iii, 381.

must formerly be hundredors, iii, 358.

may retire to consider verdict, iii, 375.
special, iii, 357.

common, iii, 358.

trial by, in criminal cases, iv, 348.

jury process, iv, 350.

award of tales, iv, 354.

verdict, iv, 360.

appointment of, i, 350.

number and qualification, i, 352.
power and duty of, i, 353.

should understand law, i, 8.
Justicies, writ of, iii, 36.
Justifiable homicide, iv, 178.
Justification, plea of, iii, 306.
in slander, iii, 125.
of bail, iii, 291.

Justinian, pandects of, i, 81.

a constituent part of parliament, i, 154, 261.
can do no wrong, i, 246; iii, 254; iv, 32.
councils of, i, 227.

dignity of, i, 241.

duties of, i, 226.
sovereignty of, i, 241.
title of, i, 190.
ubiquity of, i, 270.

expenditures of, i, 334, 335.

the arbiter of commerce, i, 273.
the fountain of justice, i, 266.
the fountain of honor, i, 271.
head of the church, i, 279,
injuries by or to, iii, 254.
perfection of, i, 246.
perpetuity of, i, 249.

property in game. id.

may take a chattel by succession, ii, 432.
ancient jewels of, are heir-looms, ii, 428.
prerogative presentation to a living, ii, 24, n.
no lapse of time to present by, ii, 277.
mortuary on death of bishop, ii, 413, 426.
forfeitures of lands to, ii, 267.

no general occupancy against. ii, 259.
words of limitation in grants to, ii, 109.
descent of crown to half-blood, ii, 253.

not bound by sale in market overt, ii, 449.
grants by, ii, 303, 346.

restrictions on alienations by, ii, 346, n.
mistake or deceit, ii, 348.

cannot grant monopolies except for inven-
tions, ii, 407.

revenue extraordinary of, i, 306
ordinary revenue, i, 281.

royal family of. i, 219, 225.

seals of, ii, 346; iii, 47.

suits formerly discontinued by demise of, iii,

295.

when preferred to other creditors, iii, 420.
and n.

judgment of, effects all lands of his officers,
iii, 420.

neither pays nor receives costs, iii, 400.
exceptions, iii, 400, n.

jurisdiction of exchequer in matters con-
cerning, iii, 420

palaces of, contempts against, iv, 124.
person of, contempts against, iv, 123.
prerogative of, contempts against, iv, 122.
felonies against, iv, 98.

counterfeiting seals of, iv, 83, 89, 92, n.
levying war against, iv, 123.

refusing to advise or assist, iv, 122.
can do no wrong, i, 243-246; iii, 254.
personal irresponsibility of, iii, 254.
King's bench, court of, iii, 40; iv, 265.
not fixed to certain place, iii, 41.
jurisdiction of, iii, 41.

fiction of defendant being in custody, iii,
42, n.

from what courts a court of appeal, iii, 43,
and n

writ of error from, to exchequer chamber,
iii, 43 and n.

process in, by original, iii, 284.

by bill of Middlesex, iii, 285.
by latitat, id.

justices of, killing, iv, 84.

King's counsel, iii, 27.

King's silver, ii, 350

Knight, tenure of lands by, ii, 62.
bachelor, i, 494.
banneret, i, 403.

of the bath, id.

Knight of the garter, i, 410. -

to be returned on a lord's jury, iii, 359.
of the shire, i, 176.
Knighthood, i, 404; ii, 69; iv, 437.
Knight's fee, i, 404; ii, 62.
Knight service, ii, 62.

Labor, the origin of property, ii, 5.
punishment by, iv, 370, 371, 377.
Laborers, i, 407, 426.

Laches of infants, i, 465.

not imputable to the crown, i, 247.
Læsæ majestatis crimen, iv, 75, 79.
Læsione fidei, suit pro, iii, 52.
Laity, i, 396.

Lancaster, county palatine of, i, 117, 119.
court of duchy and county of, iii, 78, 429.
practice of court of common pleas of, iii,
79, n.

Land, what is, ii, 16.

license to occupy, ii, 279, n.
left by sea or river, ii, 261.
history of right to alien, ii, 287.
re-entry on, iii, 4.

limitation of actions to recover, iii, 178, n.

in eye of the law is always enclosed, iii,
209.

possession of, sufficient to maintain trespass

against strangers, iii, 210, n.

plea in abatement not admitted in suit for,
iii, 302.

judgment is a charge upon, iii, 419.

from what time judgment binds, iii, 420.
Landlord, when may break open doors, iii, 11.
liability for nuisance, ii, 144, n.

may be made defendant in ejectment, iii,
204.

who considered such, iii, 204, n.

summary remedy by, when rent is in arrear,
iii, 206, n.

priority of, before execution creditor, iii, 417.
tenant estopped from disputing title, ii,
144, n.

(See "Tenure.")
Land tax, i, 309-314; iv, 423.
Lapse of devise and bequest, ii, 512.

of right to present to church, ii, 276; iv. 107.
Larceny, iv, 229-243.

must be a taking, iv, 230, 231.

by servants, clerks, agents, officers, &c., iv,
231, 235.

by lodgers, iv, 231 and n.

by party stealing his own goods, iv, 231.

the asportation, iv, 231.

the felonious intent, iv, 232.

of letters, iv, 235.

from wrecks, id

of reclaimed animals, ii, 289; iv, 235.
of fish, hawks and swans, iv, 236.
of domestic animals, ii, 289; iv, 235.
where owner is not known, iv, 236.
punishment of, iv, 237.

aggravating circumstances in, iv, 239.
from specified buildings, &c., 241, 242.
from the person, iv, 242.

by robbery, iv, 243.

sale of stolen goods, ii, 450.

receiving stolen goods, iv, 132.

taking reward to help to stolen goods, id.
Latitat, iii, 285.

Law, study of the, i. 1.

in chancery, iii, 98, n.

lapsed, ii, 513.

when vested, ii, 513, n.

payable in future, id.

interest upon, id.

Legal memory, i, 67; ii, 31.

422.

feudal, iv, 418.

Latin, iii, 319; iv, 428.

causes of delays of, iii, 423.

of property, necessarily arbitrary, ii, 12.

consistency of, with natural justice, ii, 13..
wager of, iii, 341; iv, 414, 424.

Law of the land, i, 135, n.

Law schools, i, 23, 25, n., 30, n.

Law side of the chancery court, iii, 47.
of the exchequer, iii, 45.

Laws of Alfred, i, 64.

of Edward the Confessor, i, 66.
Law suits, cause of multitude of, iii, 328.
chiefly arise from disputed facts, iii, 329.
Lawyers, noble, i, 11, 25.

attempts to exclude from parliament, i, 177.
calling to the bar, i, 24, n.
Lay corporations, i, 470.

investiture of bishops, i, 378.

Lazarets, escaping from, iv, 162.
Lead, stealing of, iv, 233.

receiving stolen, iv, 132, 133.
Leading interrogatories, iii, 449.
Leap year, ii, 141.

Lease, ii, 317 et seq., 144, n., 150, n., iii, 41.
when by parol and when by deed, ii, 299.

who may inake, ii, 318 et seq., 290 et seq., 319.
non-residence of incumbent, ii, 322.
college leases, id.

consists, and to what owing, iii, 325.
Legal tender, i, 277 and n.

Legatine constitutions, i, 82.
Legislative power, i, 51, 53, 147.
cannot be delegated, i, 52, n.

how restrained in America, i, 52, n., 58, n.
89, n.

one legislature cannot limit power of subse-
quent, i, 91, n.

how far controllable, i, 161.
Legislature.

(See "Legislative Power," "Parliament.")
Legitimacy, i, 446.

English and Scotch laws respecting, ii,
248, n.

Letter missive, iii, 445.

for electing a bishop, i, 379.
Letters, stealing of, iv, 235.
sending threatening, iv, 144.

opening in the post-office, i, 322, n.
copyright in, ii, 407, n.

Letters of marque, i, 258, 259, n.

Letters patent, ii, 346.

scire facias, for repeal of, iii, 260, 261.

for inventions, ii, 407.

Levant and couchant, meaning of, iii, 8, n., 239
Levari facias, iii, 417.

Levitical degrees, i, 435.

Levying money without consent of parliament,
i, 140.

Levying war against the king, iv, 81.
Lewdness, iv, 64.

Lex mercatoria, i, 76.

Lex talionis, iv, 12.

Libel, remedies for, iii, 125.

truth as a defence, iii, 126, n.

apology in mitigation of damages, id.
what kind indictable, and how, iv, 150.
blasphemous, iv, 59.

on king and government, iv, 123.
on judges, &c., iv, 150.

how far things imputed must be criminal, î♥
150.

(See "Descent.")

consanguinity, ii, 203.
warranty, ii, 301.

Linen, stealing, iv, 238.

Lip, cutting off, iv, 207.
Literary property, ii, 405.
Littleton, i, 72, 73.

Litigious church, iii, 243, 246.
Liturgy, reviling, iv, 50.
Livery of seisin, ii, 311.

abolished, ii, 314, n.
of ward, ii, 68.

in deed, ii, 315.

in law, ii. 316.

Loan, compulsive, i, 140; iv, 436.
interest upon, ii, 454 et seq.
(See "Interest.")

Local actions, i, 99; iii, 294.
Locality, of, trial, iii, 384; iv, 304.
(See "Venue.")

Locks on rivers, destroying, iv, 144.
Lodgers, larceny by, iv, 231.

distress of goods of, iii, 7.

Logic, its effects upon law and theolgy, i, 33;

ii, 58; iv. 417.

Lord, feudal, ii, 53.

Lords, house of, i, 155, 168.
its peculiar laws, i, 167.
quorum of, iii, 56, n.
spiritual, i, 155, 156.
temporal, i, 157–159.

Lords' act, ii, 488, n.

Lords committees for courts, iii, 57.

Lords justices, iii, 55, n.

Lords triors, iv, 259, 260, 440.
Lotteries, iv, 168.

Lunacy, jurisdiction over, iii, 427.
appeal in matters of, id.

Lunatic, iv, 24, 395.

(See "Idiot.",

conveyance by, ii, 291.

plea of non-competency, id.
fine by, ii, 355, n.
will of, ii, 497.

marriage of, i, 439.

when chargeable for crimes, iv, 24, 195.
Luxury, laws against, iv, 170.

Machinery, destroying or injuring, iv, 247, and n.
exportation of, iv, 160, and n.

Madder roots, stealing of, 4, 233.
Magistrates, i, 146.

supreme and subordinate, i, 338.
oppression by, iv, 141.

Magna assisa elegenda, writ de, iii, 351.
Magna charta, i, 127; iv, 423, 425.
contents of, iv, 423, 424.

Mail, stealing from. iv, 235, n.
opening letters in, i, 322, n.
Maniour, iii, 71; iv, 307.

Mainpernors, iii, 128.

Mainprize, writ of, iii, 128.

Maintenance of bastards, i, 458.

of children, i, 447.

of parents, i, 454.

of suits, i, 428; iv, 134.

of wife, i, 442.

law of, in America, ii, 290, n.

Making law, iii, 343.

Mal-administration of government, iv, 121.

Mala in se and mala prohibita, i, 54, 57,

Malice, under black act, iv, 246.

of other property, iv, 247.

Malt tax, i, 314.

Malum prohibitum

and malum in se, i, 54, 57, n.

Man, Isle of, i, 406.

return to, iii, 110.

Mandamus, writ of, iii, 110; iv, 441.

demurrer to return, id.

writ of error in case of, id.

remedy for refusal to admit corporate offi-
cer, iii, 264.

to elect corporate officers, iii, 265.

is now in the nature of an action, iii, 264.
Mandates, royal, to the judges, i, 142; iv, 426.
Manhood, ceremony of, ii, 54.

Manors, ii, 20, 90.

demesne lands, ii, 90.

within manors or houses, ii, 91.

court-baron or customary courts, ii, 90.
extinguishment of, id.

cannot now be created, ii, 91.

Mansion house, ii, 90; iv, 224.
Manslaughter, iv, 191.

punishment of, iv, 192.

conviction of, iv, 219.
Man stealing, iv, 219.

Manufacturers, seducing them abroad, iv, 160.
embezzlement by, iv, 231, 300.
encouragement of, iv, 428.

Manufactories, rioters destroying engines in, iv,

143.

(See "Husband and Wife.")

Marshal of the king's bench, iii, 43, 285.

of the king's host, iii, 334.

Marshalsea, court of, iii, 76; iv, 276.

Martial courts, i, 413, n.; iv, 436.
Martial law, i, 413, n.,

Mass books, iv, 115.

415.

Master and servant, i, 423.

liability of master, i, 429.

action for inveigling servant, iii, 141.

action for battery of servant, id.

stinting servant in food, offence of, iv, 217.
embezzlement by servant, iv, 231.

Master in chancery, iii, 442, 453.
Master of the rolls, iii, 56, 442, 451.
Matrimonial causes, iii, 92.

(See "Divorce.")

new court for, iii, 67, n.

Matrons, jury of, iii, 362; iv, 395.
Maxims of law, i, 68.

Mayhem, what is, and how remedied, i, 130;

iii, 121, 333.

appeal of, iv, 314.

inspection of, iii, 332.

offence of, iv, 205.

elements of the offence, iv, 207, 208.

Mayors among the Saxons, iv, 413.

Measures and weights, i, 274-277; iv, 275, 424,
false, iv, 159.

Medietate, jury de, iii, 246, 360; iv, 128, 166,
278, 352.

Meeting for military training forbidden, iv,

143.

Members of congress priviledged from arrest
iii, 289, n.

Members of parliament, i, 153.
elections of, i, 170-180.

number of, i, 159.

qualifications of, i, 175.

should study the law, i, 9, 10.

privileges of, i, 164-170.

Memorial of annuity, ii, 461.

Memory, time of legal, i, 67; ii, 31.

Menances, iii, 120.

Menial servants, i, 425.

Mercen-lage, i, 65; iv, 412.

Merchants, custom of, i, 75.

foreign, i, 260; iv, 424.

Mercheta, ii, 83.

Merger, doctrine of, ii, 177.

Merton, parliament of, i, 19.

Mesne profits, action for, iii, 205, 279, 419.

Mesne, writ of, iii, 234.

Mesne lords, ii, 59.

Messuage, what, ii, 19, n.

Metal stealing, iv, 233.

Metaphysics, their effects upon law and the-

ology, ii, 58; iv, 417.

Michel-gemote, i, 147.

Michel-synoth, i, 147.