(A) to improve knowledge of the contribution of air pollutants to the occurrence of adverse effects on health, including, but not limited to, behavioral, physiological, toxicological, and biochemical effects; and

(B) to improve knowledge of the short- and long-term effects of air pollutants on welfare.

(2) In carrying out the provisions of this subsection the Administrator may

(A) conduct epidemiological studies of the effects of air pollutants on mortality and morbidity;

(B) conduct clinical and laboratory studies on the immunologic, biochemical, physiological, and the toxicological effects including carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects of air pollutants;

(C) utilize, on a reimbursable basis, the facilities of existing Federal scientific laboratories and research centers;

(D) utilize the authority contained in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b) of this section; and

(E) consult with other appropriate Federal agencies to assure that research or studies conducted pursuant to this subsection will be coordinated with research and studies of such other Federal agencies.

(3) In entering into contracts under this subsection, the Administrator is authorized to contract for a term not to exceed 10 years in duration. For the purposes of this paragraph, there are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000. Such amounts as are appropriated shall remain available until expended and shall be in addition to any other appropriations under this chapter. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 103, formerly § 3, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 394, amended and renumbered Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89-272, title I, §§ 101(3), 103, 79 Stat. 992, 996; Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90-148, § 2, 81 Stat. 486; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §§ 2(a), 4(2), 15(a)(2), (c)(2), 84 Stat. 1676, 1689, 1710, 1713.)

CODIFICATION

Provisions similar to those comprising subsec. (a) (3) of this, section were contained in subsec. (a) of a prior section 1857b, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 3, 69 Stat. 322, as amended Oct. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87-761, § 2, 76 Stat. 760, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206.

PRIOR PROVISIONS

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in former sections 1857a-1857d, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, §§ 2-5, 69 Stat. 322 (section 1857b as amended Oct. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87-761, § 2, 76 Stat. 760; section 1857d as amended Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86-365, § 1, 73 Stat. 646 and Oct. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87-761, § 1, 76 Stat. 760), prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206.

stituted "Administrator" for "Secretary" and "air pollutants" for "air pollution agents (or combinations of agents)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15(c) (2), substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91-604, §§ 15(c) (2), substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary" wherever appearing therein, substituted "1857d" for "1857d(a)", and added references to subsecs. (b) and (c) of section 1857d of this title.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91-604, § 2(a), added subsec. (f). 1967-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90-148 substituted "establish technical advisory committees composed of recognized experts in various aspects of air pollution to assist in the examination and evaluation of research progress and proposals and to avoid duplication of research" for "initiate and conduct a program of research directed toward the development of improved, low-cost techniques for extracting sulfer from fuels" as clause (4) and struck out clause (5) which related to research programs relating to the control of hydrocarbon emissions from evaporation of gasoline and nitrogen and aldehyde oxide emission from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles and relating to the development of improved low cost techniques to reduce emissions of oxides of sulfur produced by the combusion of sulfur-containing fuels.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90-148 struck out provision for the promulgation of criteria in the case of particular air pollution agents present in the air in certain quantities reflecting the latest scientific knowledge and allowing for availability and revision and provided for the recommendation by the Secretary of air quality criteria.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90-148 substituted references to subsections (d), (e), and (f) of section 1857d of this title for references to subsections (c), (d), and (e) of section 1857d of this title in the provision for the admission of advisory findings and recommendations together with the record of the conference and made such findings and recommendations part of the proceedings of the conference, not merely part of the record of proceedings.

1965 Subsec. (a) (5). Pub. L. 89–272, § 103 (3), added par. (5).

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 89-272, § 103(4), added subsecs. (d) and (e).

SHORT TITLE

Section 1 of Pub. L. 91-604 provided: "That this Act [amending this chapter generally] may be cited as the 'Clean Air Amendments of 1970'."

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, § 2(a)(3), eff. Dec. 2, 1970, 35 F.R. 15623, 84 Stat. —, transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency the functions vested by law in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare or in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare which are administered through the Environmental Health Service, including the functions exercised by the National Air Pollution Control Administration, and the Environmental Control Administration's Bureau of Solid Waste Management, Bureau of Water Hygiene, and Bureau of Radiological Health, except insofar as the functions carried out by the Bureau of Radiological Health pertain to regulation of radiation from consumer products, including electronic product radiation, radiation as used in the healing arts, occupational exposure to radiation, and research, technical assistance, and training related to radiation from consumer products, radiation as used in the healing arts, and occupational exposure to radiation.

AMENDMENTS

1970-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15(c) (2), substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15 (c) (2), substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary" and "Environmental Protection Agency" for "Department of Health, Education, and Welfare".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15(a)(2), (c) (2), sub

STUDY OF SUBSTANCES DISCHARGED FROM EXHAUSTS OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Pub. L. 86-493, June 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 162, directed the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service to conduct a thorough study for the purposes of determining, with respect to the various substances discharged from the exhausts of motor vehicles, the amounts and kinds of such

substances which, from the standpoint of human health, it is safe for motor vehicles to discharge into the atmosphere under the various conditions under which such vehicles may operate. Not later than two years after June 8, 1960, the Surgeon General was required to submit to Congress a report on the results of the study, together with such recommendations, if any, based upon the findings made in such study, as he deemed necessary for the protection of the public health.

§ 1857b-1. Research relating to fuels and vehicles. (a) Research programs; grants; contracts; pilot and demonstration plants; byproducts research.

The Administrator shall give special emphasis to research and development into new and improved methods, having industry-wide application, for the prevention and control of air pollution resulting from the combustion of fuels. In furtherance of such research and development he shall

(1) conduct and accelerate research programs directed toward development of improved, lowcost techniques for

(A) control of combustion byproducts of fuels,

(B) removal of potential air pollutants from fuels prior to combustion,

(C) control of emissions from the evaporation of fuels,

(D) improving the efficiency of fuels combustion so as to decrease atmospheric emissions, and

(E) producing synthetic or new fuels which, when used, result in decreased atmospheric emissions.

(2) provide for Federal grants to public or nonprofit agencies, institutions, and organizations and to individuals, and contracts with public or private agencies, institutions, or persons, for payment of (A) part of the cost of acquiring, constructing, or otherwise securing for research and development purposes, new or improved devices or methods having industrywide application of preventing or controlling discharges into the air of various types of pollutants; (B) part of the cost of programs to develop low emission alternatives to the present internal combustion engine; (C) the cost to purchase vehicles and vehicle engines, or portions thereof, for research, development, and testing purposes; and (D) carrying out the other provisions of this section, without regard to section 529 of Title 31 and section 5 of Title 41: Provided, That research or demonstration contracts awarded pursuant to this subsection (including contracts for construction) may be made in accordance with, and subject to the limitations provided with respect to research contracts of the military departments in, section 2353 of Title 10, except that the determination, approval, and certification required thereby shall be made by the Secretary: Provided further, That no grant may be made under this paragraph in excess of $1,500,000;

(3) determine, by laboratory and pilot plant testing, the results of air pollution research and studies in order to develop new or improved processes and plant designs to the point where they can be demonstrated on a large and practical scale;

(4) construct, operate, and maintain, or assist in meeting the cost of the construction, operation, and maintenance of new or improved demonstration plants or processes which have promise of accomplishing the purposes of this chapter;

(5) study new or improved methods for the recovery and marketing of commercially valuable byproducts resulting from the removal of pollutants.

(b) Powers of Administrator in establishing research and development programs. In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Administrator may

(1) conduct and accelerate research and development of low-cost instrumentation techniques to facilitate determination of quantity and quality of air pollutant emissions, including, but not limited to, automotive emissions;

(2) utilize, on a reimbursable basis, the facilities of existing Federal scientific laboratories;

(3) establish and operate necessary facilities and test sites at which to carry on the research, testing, development, and programming necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section;

(4) acquire secret processes, technical data, inventions, patent applications, patents, licenses, and an interest in lands, plants, and facilities, and other property or rights by purchase, license, lease, or donation; and

(5) cause on-site inspections to be made of promising domestic and foreign projects, and cooperate and participate in their development in instances in which the purposes of the chapter will be served thereby.

(c) Authorization of appropriations.

For the purposes of this section there are authorized to be appropriated $75,00,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, $125,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and $150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 104, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90-148, § 2, 81 Stat. 487, and amended Dec. 5, 1969, Pub. L. 91-137, 83 Stat. 283; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91-604, §§ 2(b), (c), 13(a), 15(c) (2), 84 Stat. 1676, 1677, 1709, 1713.)

CODIFICATION

A prior section 104 of act July 14, 1955, was renumbered section 105 by Pub. L. 90-148 and is set out as section 1857c of this title.

AMENDMENTS

1970-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15 (c) (2), substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary".

Subsec. (a) (1). Pub. L. 91-604, § 2(b), added provisions authorizing research programs directed toward development of techniques for improving the efficiency of fuels combustion so as to decrease atmospheric emissions, and producing synthetic or new fuels which result in decreased atmospheric emissions.

Subsec. (a) (2). Pub. L. 91-604, § 2(c), added cls. (B) and (C). Former cl. (B) was redesignated as (D).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15 (c) (2), substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-604, § 13 (a), substituted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending June 30, 1971, 1972, and 1973, for provisions authorizing appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1968 and 1969.

1969 Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-137 authorized appropriation of $45,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970.

EXTENSION TO AUG. 31, 1970, OF AUTHORIZATION PERIOD FOR FISCAL YEAR 1970

Pub. L. 91-316, July 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 416, provided in part that the authorization contained in section 104 (c) of the Clean A'r Act [subsec. (c) of this section] for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, should remain available through Aug. 31, 1970, notwithstanding any provisions of this section.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, § 2(a)(3), eff. Dec. 2, 1970, 35 F.R. 15623, 84 Stat., transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency the functions vested by law in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare or in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare which are administered through the Environmental Health Service, including the functions exercised by the National Air Pollution Control Administration, and the Environmental Control Administration's Bureau of Solid Waste Management, Bureau of Water Hygiene, and Bureau of Radiological Health, except insofar as the functions carried out by the Bureau of Radiological Health pertain to regulation of radiation from consumer products, including electronic product radiation, radiation as used in the healing arts, occupational exposure to radiation, and research, technical assistance, and training related to radiation from consumer products, radiation as used in the healing arts, and occupational exposure to radiation.

§ 1857c. Grants for support of air pollution planning and control programs.

(a) Amounts; limitations; assurances of plan development capability.

(1) (A) The Administrator may make grants to air pollution control agencies in an amount up to twothirds of the cost of planning, developing, establishing, or improving, and up to one-half of the cost of maintaining, programs for the prevention and control of air pollution or implementation of national primary and seconadry ambient air quality standards.

(B) Subject to subparagraph (C), the Administrator may make grants to air pollution control agencies within the meaning of paragraph (1), (2), or

(4) of section 1857h (b) of this title in an amount up to three-fourths of the cost of planning, developing, establishing, or improving, and up to three-fifths of the cost of maintaining, any program for the prevention and control of air pollution or implementation of national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards in an area that includes two or more municiplities, whether in the same or different States.

(C) With respect to any air quality control region or portion thereof for which there is an applicable implementation plan under section 1857c-5 of this title, grants under subparagraph (B) may be made only to air pollution control agencies which have substantial responsibilities for carrying out such applicable implementation plan.

(2) Before approving any grant under this subsection to any air pollution control agency within the meaning of sections 1857h (b) (2) and 1857h (b) (4) of this title, the Administrator shall receive assurances that such agency provides for adequate representation of appropriate State, interstate, local, and (when appropriate) international, interests in the air quality control region.

(3) Before approving any planning grant under this subsection to any air pollution control agency within the meaning of sections 1857h (b)(2) and 1857h(b) (4) of this title, the Administrator shall receive assurances that such agency has the capability of developing a comprehensive air quality plan for the air quality control region, which plan shall include (when appropriate) a recommended system of alerts to avert and reduce the risk of situations in which there may be imminent and serious danger to the public health or welfare from air pollutants and the various aspects relevant to the establishment of air quality standards for such air quality control region, including the concentration of industries, other commercial establishments, population and naturally occurring factors which shall affect such standards.

(b) Terms and conditions; regulations; factors for consideration; expenditure and consultation requirements.

From the sums available for the purposes of subsection (a) of this section for any fiscal year, the Administrator shall from time to time make grants to air pollution control agencies upon such terms and conditions as the Administrator may find necessary to carry out the purpose of this section. In establishing regulations for the granting of such funds the Administrator shall, so far as practicable, give due consideration to (1) the population, (2) the extent of the actual or potential air pollution problem, and (3) the financial need of the respective agencies. No agency shall receive any grant under this section during any fiscal year when its expenditures of non-Federal funds for other than nonrecurrent expenditures for air pollution control programs will be less than its expenditures were for

such programs during the preceding fiscal year; and no agency shall receive any grant under this section with respect to the maintenance of a program for the prevention and control of air pollution unless the Administrator is satisfied that such grant will be so used as to supplement and, to the extent practicable, increase the level of State, local, or other non-Federal funds that would in the absence of such grant be made available for the maintenance of such program, and will in no event supplant such State, local, or other non-Federal funds. No grant shall be made under this section until the Administrator has consulted with the appropriate official as designated by the Governor or Governors of the State or States affected.

(c) State expenditure limitation.

Not more than 10 per centum of the total of funds appropriated or allocated for the purposes of subsection (a) of this section shall be granted for air pollution control programs in any one State. In the case of a grant for a program in an area crossing State boundaries, the Administrator shall determine the portion of such grant that is chargeable to the percentage limitation under this subsection for each State into which such area extends.

(d) Reduction of payments; availability of reduced amounts; reduced amount as deemed paid to agency for purpose of determining amount of grant.

The Administrator, with the concurrence of any recipient of a grant under this section, may reduce the payments to such recipient by the amount of the pay, allowances, traveling expenses, and any other costs in connection with the detail of any officer or employee to the recipient under section 1857g of this title, when such detail is for the convenience of, and at the request of, such recipient and for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this chapter. The amount by which such payments have been reduced shall be available for payment of such costs by the Administrator, but shall, for the purpose of determining the amount of any grant to a recipient under subsection (a) of this section, be deemed to have been paid to such agency. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 105, formerly § 4, as added Dec. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-206, § 1, 77 Stat. 395, amended and renumbered § 104, Oct. 20, 1965, Pub. L. 89–272, title I, § 101(2)(4), 79 Stat. 992; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-675, 3, 80 Stat. 954, amended and renumbered § 105, Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90-148, § 2, 81 Stat. 489; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91-604, §§ 3 (a), (b) (1), 15(c) (2), 84 Stat. 1677, 1713.)

CODIFICATION

A prior section 105 of act July 14, 1955, was renumbered section 108 by Pub. L. 90-148 and is set out as section 1857d of this title.

A prior section 1857c, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 4, 69 Stat. 322, related to the preparation of reports and recommendations. See section 1857b (b)(1) of this section. PRIOR PROVISIONS

Provisions similar to those comprising subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section were contained in former section 1857d, act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, § 5, 69 Stat. 322, as amended Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86-365, § 1, 73 Stat. 646; Oct. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87-761, § 1, 76 Stat. 760, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 88-206.

AMENDMENTS

1970 Subsec. (a) (1). Pub. L. 91–604, § 3(a), substituted provisions authorizing the Administrator to make grants, for provisions authorizing the Secretary to make grants, and provisions authorizing grants for programs implementing national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards, for provisions authorizing grants for programs implementing air quality standards authorized by this subchapter, and added the provision requiring grants to air pollution control agencies be made to agencles having substantial responsibilities for carrying out the applicable implementation plan with respect to the air quality control region or portion thereof.

Subsecs. (a) (2), (3), (b), (c). Pub. L. 91-604, § 15(c) (2) substituted "Administrator" for "Secretary" wherever appearing therein.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91-604, § 3(b) (1), added subsec. (d). 1967-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90-148 designated existing provisions as par. (1), added pars. (2) and (3), and, in par. (1) as so designated, substituted "regional air quality control program" for "regional air pollution control program," added planning to the list of authorized activities, and added programs for the implementation of air quality standards authorized by this chapter to the list of authorized programs.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-148 made minor changes in the order of the provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90-148 reduced the percentage limitation on the portion of the total funds which might be granted for air pollution control programs in any one State from 121⁄2 per centum to 10 per centum.

1966 Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–675, § 3(a)(1), struck out provisions limiting the available funds to 20 per centum of the sums appropriated annually for the purpose of this subchapter, inserted provisions allowing grants to air pollution control agencies up to one-half of the cost of maintaining programs for prevention and control of air pollution, and authorized the Secretary to make grants of up to three-fifths of the cost of maintaining regional air pollution control programs.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–675, § 3(a)(2), substituted reference to sums available "for the purpose of" subsection (a) of this section for reference to sums available "under" subsection (a) of this section, permitted grantees to reduce annual expenditures to the extent that nonrecurrent costs are involved for purposes of application of the provision that no agency may receive grants during any fiscal year when its expenditures of non-Federal funds for air pollution control programs are less than its expenditures for such programs during the preceding year, and added provisions insuring that Federal funds will in no event be used to supplant State or local government funds in maintaining air pollution control programs.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89-675, § 3(b), substituted "total of funds appropriated or allocated for the purposes of subsection (a) of this section shall be granted for air pollution control programs" for "grant funds available under subsection (a) of this section shall be expended" and authorized the Secretary to determine the portion of grants to interstate agencies to be charged against the twelve and one-half percent limitation of grant funds to any one State.

1965 Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89-272 substituted "this title" for "this Act", which for purposes of codification has been changed to "this subchapter", and "section 302(b) (2) and (4)" for "section 9(b) (2) and (4)". which for purposes of codification has been changed to "section 1857h (b) (2) and (4) of this title."

SHORT TITLE

Section 1 of Pub. L. 89-675 provided: "That this Act [amending this section and section 18571 of this title and repealing section 18571-8 of this title] may be cited as the 'Clean Air Act Amendments of 1966"."

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, § 2(a) (3), eff. Dec. 2, 1970. 35 F.R. 15623, 84 Stat. —, transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency the functions vested by law in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare or in the Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare which are administered through the Environmental Health Service, including the functions exercised by the National Air Pollution Control Administration, and the Environmental Control Administration's Bureau of Solid Waste Management, Bureau of Water Hygiene, and Bureau of Radiological Health, except insofar as the functions carried out by the Bureau of Radiological Health pertain to regulation of radiation from consumer products, including electronic product radiation, radiation as used in the healing arts, occupational exposure to radiation, and research, technical assistance, and training related to radiation from consumer products, radiation as used in the healing arts, and occupational exposure to radiation.

§ 1857c-1. Interstate air quality agencies; program cost limitations.

For the purpose of developing implementation plans for any interstate air quality control region designated pursuant to seciton 1857c-2 of this title, the Administrator is authorized to pay, for two years, up to 100 per centum of the air quality planning program costs of any agency designated by the Governors of the affected States, which agency shall be capable of recommending to the Governors plans for implementation of national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards and shall include representation from the States and appropriate political subdivisions within the air quality control region. After the initial two-year period the Administrator is authorized to make grants to such agency in an amount up to three-fourths of the air quality planning program costs of any agency. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 106, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub .L. 90-148, § 2, 81 Stat. 490, and amended Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91-604, § 3(c), 84 Stat. 1677.)

CODIFICATION

A prior section 106 of act July 14, 1955, was renumbered section 110 by Pub. L. 90-148 and is set out as section 1857e of this title.

AMENDMENTS

1970-Pub. L. 91-604 struck out lettered designation "(a)", as so redesignated, substituted provisions authorizing Federal grants for the purpose of developing implementation plans and provisions requiring the designated State agency to be capable of recommending plans for implementation of national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards, for provisions authorizing Federal grants for the purpose of expediting the establishment of air quality standards and provisions requiring the designated State agency to be capable of recommending standards of air quality and plans for implementation thereof, respectively, and struck out subsec. (b) which authorized the establishment of air quality planning commissions. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, § 2(a)(3), eff. Dec. 2, 1970, 35 F.R. 15623, 84 Stat. transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency the functions vested by law in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare or in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare which are administered through the Environmental Health Service, including the functions exercised by the National Air Pollution Control Administration, and the Environmental Control Administration's Bureau of Solid Waste Management, Bureau of Water Hygiene, and Bureau of Radiological Health, except insofar as the functions carried out by the Bureau of Radiological Health pertain to regulation of radiation from consumer products, including electronic product radiation, radiation as used in the healing arts, occupational exposure to radiation, and research, technical assistance, and training related to radiation from consumer products, radiation as used in the healing arts, and occupational exposure to radiation.

§ 1857c-2. Air quality control regions.

(a) Responsibility of State for air quality; submission of implementation plan.

Each State shall have the primary responsibility for assuring air quality within the entire geographic area comprising such State by submitting an implementation plan for such State which will specify the manner in which national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards will be achieved and maintained within each air quality control region in such State.

(b) Designated regions.

For purposes of developing and carrying out implementation plans under section 1857c-5 of this title

(1) an air quality control region designated under this section before December 31, 1970, or a region designated after such date under subsection (c) of this section, shall be an air quality control region; and

(2) the portion of such State which is not part of any such designated region shall be an air quality control region, but such portion may be subdivided by the State into two or more air quality control regions with the approval of the Administrator.

(c) Authority of Administrator to designate regions; notification of Governors of affected States. The Administrator shall, within 90 days after December 31, 1970, after consultation with appropriate State and local authorities, designate as an air quality control region any interstate area or major intrastate area which he deems necessary or appropriate for the attainment and maintenance of ambient air quality standards. The Administrator shall immediately notify the Governors of the affected States of any designation made under this subsection. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, § 107, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91-604, § 4(a), 84 Stat. 1678.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 107 of act July 14, 1955, as added Nov. 21, 1967, Pub. L. 90-148, § 2, 81 Stat. 490, which also covered air quality control regions, was repealed by Pub. L. 91-604. The section 107 of act July 14, 1955, which formed part of that Act as originally enacted, was renumbered section 111 by Pub. L. 90-148 and again renumbered section 118 by Pub. L. 91-604, and is set out as section 18571 of this title.

§ 1857c-3. Air quality criteria and control techniques. (a) Air pollutant list; publication and revision by Administrator; issuance of air quality criteria for air pollutants.

(1) For the purpose of establishing national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards, the Administrator shall within 30 days after December 31, 1970, publish, and shall from time to time thereafter revise, a list which includes each air pollutant

(A) which in his judgment has an adverse affect on public health or welfare;

(B) the presence of which in the ambient air results from numerous or diverse mobile or stationary sources; and