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species mentioned by Gmelin; of which three are natives of Britain, viz. T. pasciata, juniperana, and physapus. THRIVE, v. n. THRIVER, n. s. THRIFT, THRIFTILY, adv.

Gothic thriv, thrifa. Pret. throve, and sometimes less properly thrived, part. thriven. To prosper; grow rich; advance in any thing desired one who prospers thrift is profit; gain; state of prospering; and, by an easy transition, parsimony; frugality: the derivatives that follow all correspond.

THRIFTINESS, n. s. THRIFT'LESS, adj. THRIFTY.

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Out of the present sparing and untimely thrift, there grow many future inconveniences, and continual charge in repairing and re-edifying such imperfect slight-built vessels. Raleigh.

It grew amongst bushes, where commonly plants do not thrive. Bacon's Natural History. Some are censured for keeping their own, whom tenderness how to get honestly teacheth to spend discreetly; whereas such need no great thriftiness in preserving their own, who assume more liberty in exacting from others.

Wotton.

He had so well improved that little stock his father left, as he was like to prove a thriver in the end. Hayward.

A careful shepherd not only turns flock into a common pasture, but with particular advertence observes the thriving of every one. Decay of Piety. O son! why sit we here, each other viewing Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives In other worlds, and happier seats provides For us, his offspring dear? Milton's Paradise Lost. Thus heaven, though all-sufficient, shows a thrift In his œconomy, and bounds his gift. Dryden.

Experienced age in deep despair was lost,

Id.

To see the rebel thrive, the loyal crost.
The thriven calves in meads their food forsake,
And render their sweet souls before the plenteous
rack.
Id. Virgil.

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Lest he should neglect his studies

Id.

Like a young heir, the thrifty goddess, For fear young master should be spoiled, Would use him like a younger child. Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the understanding, as well as in gold. Watts's Logick. THROAT, n. s. Sax. pore, ɲora; Belg. strote; Teut. trossel. The forepart or passage of the neck.

These bred up amongst the Englishmen, when they become kern, are made more fit to cut their throats. Spenser. The gold I give thee will I melt, and pour Down thy ill-uttering throat.

Shakspeare. A trumpeter that was made prisoner, when the soldiers were about to cut his throat, says, Why should you kill a man that kills nobody?

L'Estrange.

Her honour and her courage tried, Calm and intrepid in the very throat Of sulphurous war, on Tenier's dreadful field.

Thomson.

Larissa's gutturals convulsed his throat ; He smoothed his voice to the Bizantine note.

Harte.

THROB, v. n. & n. s. Gr. 9opvße, Minshieu and Junius; formed in imitation of the soundSkinner. Johnson adds (not very probably) perhaps contracted from throw up. To heave the breasts with strong emotion; beat; palpitate: the beat or stroke of palpitation.

She sighed from bottom of her wounded breast, And after many bitter throbs did throw, With lips full pale, and faultering tongue opprest. Spenser.

Here may his head live on my throbbing breast. Shakspeare.

How that warmed me! How my throbbing heart
Leapt to the image of my father's joy,
When you should strain me in your folding arms!

Thou talkest like one who never felt
The impatient throbs and longings of a soul
That pants and reaches after distant good.

Smith.

Addison's Cato. In the depending orifice there was a throbbing of the arterial blood, as in an aneurism, the blood being choaked in by the contused flesh.

Wiseman's Surgery. THROE, n. s. & v. a. Sax. popian, to suffer. Also written throw. The pain of childbirth; any extreme pain, struggle, or effort: to to put into agonies, (obsolete).

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lights; therefore not only rooms windowed on both ends, called throughlighted, but with two or more windows on the same side, are enemies to this art. Wotton's Architecture.

Subdue it, and throughout dominion hold Over fish of the sea, and fowl of the air. Milton. Pointed satire runs him through and through.

Oldham. He hath been so successful with common heads, that he hath led their belief through all the works of Browne. He is very dextrous in puzzling others, if they be not through paced speculators in those great theories.

nature.

More.

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A through-bred soldier weighs all present circumstances and all possible contingents.

Grew's Cosmologia. Every man brings such a degree of this light into the world with him, that though it cannot bring him to heaven, yet it will carry him so far that if he follows it faithfully he shall meet with another light, which shall carry him quite through.

To him, to him 'tis given, Passion, and care, and anguish to destroy: Through him soft peace, and plenitude of joy, Perpetual o'er the world redeemed shall flow.

South.

Prior. The same thing happened when I removed the prism out of the sun's light, and looking through it upon the hole shining by the light of the clouds beyond it. Newton. Impartially inquire how we have behaved ourselves throughout the course of this long war.

Atterbury.

Material things are presented only through their senses; they have a real influx on these, and all real knowledge of material things is conveyed into the understanding through these senses. Cheyne's Philosophical Principles. THROW, v. a., v. N., & n. s. Į Pret. threw; THROW'ER, n. s. part. pass. thrown. Sax. ɲapan. To fling; cast; to send to a distant place by a projectile force: toss: cast; taking about, away, by, down, off, out, and up, as prepositions: the noun substantive corresponding.

Shimei threw stones at him, and cast dust.

2 Sam. xvi. 13. A poor widow threw in two mites, which make a farthing. Mark xii. 42.

Now unto despair I 'gin to grow, And mean for better wind about to throw. Spenser. She throws out thrilling shrieks, and shrieking cries. Id.

Preianes threm down upon the Turks fire and scalding oil. Knolles's History of the Turks.

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Like one of Juno's disguises; and,
When things succeed, be thrown by, or let fall.

Ben Jonson. Calumniate stoutly; for, though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left some sulliage behind.

Decay of Piety. In time of temptation be not busy to dispute, but rely upon the conclusion, and throw yourself upon God, and contend not with him but in prayer. Taylor's Holy Living. He that will throw away a good book because not gilded, is more curious to please his eye than understanding. Taylor.

His majesty departed to his chamber, and threw himself upon his bed, lamenting with much passion, and abundance of tears, the loss of an excellent servant. Clarendon.

He fell

From heaven, they fabled, thrown by angry Jove Sheer o'er the crystal battlements.

Bad games are thrown up too soon, Until they're never to be won.

Milton.

Hudibras.

He warns them to avoid the courts and camps, Where dilatory Fortune plays the jilt With the brave, noble, honest, gallant man, To throw herself away on fools and knaves. Otway.

A man had better throw away his care upon any thing else than upon a garden on wet or moist ground. Temple.

Ariosto, in his voyage of Astolpho to the moon, had thrown the writings of many poets into the has a fine allegory of two swans, who, when time river of oblivion, were ever in a readiness to secure the best, and bear them aloft into the temple of immortality. Dryden. To threats the stubborn sinner oft is hard, Wrapped in his crimes, against the storm prepared; But, when the milder beams of mercy play, He melts, and throws his cumb'rous cloak away.

'Twould be better

Id.

Could you provoke him to give you the occasion, And then to throw him off. Id. Spanish Fryar.

He that begins to have any doubt of his tenets, received without examination, ought, in reference to that question, to throw wholly by all his former notions. Locke.

If the sinner shall not only wrestle with this angel, but throw him too, and win so complete a victory over his conscience, that all these considerations shall be able to strike no terror into his mind, he is too strong for grace. South.

If they err finally, it is like a man's missing his cast when he throws dice for his life; his being, his

happiness, and all is involved in the errour of one

throw.

Id.

Can there be any reason why the household of God alone should throw off all that orderly dependence and duty by which all other houses are best governed? Sprat. The air-pump, barometer, and quadrant, were thrown out to those busy spirits, as tubs and barrels are to a whale, that he may let the ship sail on, while he diverts himself with those innocent amusements. Addison's Spectator.

The only means for bringing France to our conditions is to throw in multitudes upon them, and overpower them with numbers.

Id. State of the War. Poor youth! how canst thou throw him from thee? Lucia, thou knowest not half the love he bears thee. Addison.

The well-meaning man should rather consider what opportunities he has of doing good to his country, than throw away his time in deciding the rights of princes.

Id.

Id.

Must one rash word, the' infirmity of age, Throw down the merit of my better years? This the reward of a whole life of service? Experienced gamesters throw up their cards when they know the game is in the enemy's hand, without unnecessary vexation in playing it out.

Id. Freeholder.

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Pope.

The oddness of the proposition taught others to reflect a little; and the bill was thrown out. Swift. There is no need to throw words of contempt on such a practice; the very description of it carries reproof. Watts.

The island Inarime contains, within the compass of eighteen miles, a wonderful variety of hills, vales, rocks, fruitful plains, and barren mountains, all thrown together in a most romantick confusion.

Berkley to Pope. The world, where lucky throws to blockheads fall, Knaves know the game, and honest men pay all. Young.

THRUM, . s. & v. n. Isl. thraum, the end of any thing. The ends of weavers' threads; any coarse yarn: to grate; play coarsely.

O fates, come, come,

Cut thread and thrum,

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All moss hath here and there little stalks, besides the low thrum. Bacon's Natural History. Blunderbusses, planted in every loop-hole, go oft constantly at the squeaking of a fiddle and the thrumming of a guitar. Dryden's Spanish Fryar. Would our thrum capped ancestor's find fault For want of sugar-tongs, or spoons for salt? King. THRUSH, n. s. Sax. pirc; Lat. turdus. THRUSTLE. A small singing-bird.

Of singing-birds they have linnets, goldfinches, blackbirds, and thrushes.

Carew's Survey of Cornwall. Pain, and a fine thrush, have been severally endeavouring to call off my attention; but both in vain. Pope.

No thrustles shrill the bramble bush forsake; No chirping lark the welkin sheen invokes. Gay. THRUST, v. a., v.n., & n.s. Lat. trusito. To push any thing into matter, or between close bodies; to compress; impel; urge; obtrude: as a verb neuter, make a hostile push; squeeze in; intrude: a thrust is a hostile push or attack. When the ass saw the angel, she thrust herself unto the wall, and crusht Balaam's foot.

Numbers xxii. 25. He thrust the fleece together, and wringed the dew out of it.

She caught him by the feet; but to thrust her away.

Judges, vi. 38. Gehazi came near 2 Kings iv. 27.

Rev. xiv. 15.

Thrust in thy sickle, and reap. Zelmane, hearkening to no more, began with such witty fury to pursue him with blows and thrusts, that nature and virtue commanded him to look to his safety. Sidney.

They should not only not be thrust out, but also have estates and grants of their lands new made to them. Spenser.

The miserable men which shrunk from the work were again beaten forward, and presently slain, and fresh men still thrust on.

Knolles's History of the Turks. When the king comes, offer him no violence, Unless he seek to thrust you out by force.

Shakspeare.

We make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and stars, as if we were villains on necessity, and all that we are evil in by a divine thrusting on. Id. King Lear.

That thrust had been mine enemy indeed,
But that my coat is better than thou knowest.
Shakspeare.

I go to meet
The noble Brutus, thrusting this report
Into his ears.

Id. Julius Caesar, Rich, then lord chancellor, a man of quick and lively delivery of speech, but as of mean birth so prone to thrust forwards the ruin of great persons, in this manner spake. Hayward.

Young, old, thrust there, In mighty concourse. Chapman's Odyssey. There is one thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism. More's Divine Dialogues. To justify his threat, he thrusts aside The crowd of centaurs, and redeems the bride.

Dryden.

Polites Pyrrhus with his lance pursues, And often reaches, and his thrusts renews. I'll be a Spartan while I live on earth; But, when in heaven, I'll stand next Hercules, And thrust between my father and the god.

Id.

Id.

Should he not do as rationally, who took physick from any one who had taken on himself the name of physician, or thrust himself into that employment? Locke.

Not all,

Who like intruders thrust into their service,
Participate their sacred influence.

Rowe. THRYALLIS, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class of decandria, and order of monogynia; and in the natural method ranging under the thirty-eighth order, tricoccæ. The calyx is quinquepartite; there are five petals, and the capsule is tricoccous. There is only one species known, viz. T. Brasiliensis, a native of Brasil.

THRYFAL'LOW, v. a. Thrice and fallow. To give the third ploughing in summer.

Thryfallow betime for destroying of weed, Let thistle and docke fall a blooming and seed.

Tusser.

THRYON, an ancient town of Messenia, near the banks of the Alpheus. Hom. Il. ii. Strabo viii. THRYUS, an ancient town of Peloponnesus, near Elis. Lempr.

THUANUS (Jacobus Augustus), or James Augustus Dr. Thou, youngest son of the president de Thou, was born in 1553; and, having finished his studies and travels, was made president a-Mortier, and took possession thereof in 1595. He was employed in several important offices of state, and in reforming the university of Paris; which he discharged with so much prudence that he was esteemed the Cato of his age, and the ornament of France. He wrote the history of his own time, in Latin, from 1543 to 1608, in 138 books; a work, both for subject and style, worthy of the ancients. He also left Memoirs of his own Life, besides poems; and died at Paris, 1617.

THUCLES, the leader of the first Greek colony who settled in Sicily. See SICILY.

THUCYDIDES, a celebrated Greek historian, born at Athens 471 years B. C. He was the son of Olorus, and grandson of Miltiades, who was descended from Miltiades the famous Athenian general, who married the king of Thrace's daughter. See MILTIADES. He was educated in philosophy and eloquence. His master in the former was Anaxagoras, in the latter Antiphon; one, by his description in the eighth book of his History, for power of speech almost a miracle, and feared by the people on that account. Suidas and Photius mention that when Herodotus related his history in public, a custom then common and many ages after, Thu cydides felt such a pang of emulation, that he shed tears; Herodotus himself noticed it, and congratulated his father on having a son who showed so early an affection to the Muses. Herodotus was then twenty-nine years of age, Thucydides about sixteen. When the Peloponnesian war broke out, Thucydides, thinking it would prove a subject worthy of his labor, immediately began to keep a journal. This explains the reason why he has attended more to chronological order than to unity of design. During the war he was sent by his countrymen to relieve Amphipolis; but the quick march of Brasidas, the Lacedæmonian general, defeated his operations; and Thucydides, being thus unsuccessful, was banished from Athens, in the eighth year of this celebrated war; but during

his banishment, the general began to write an impartial history of the important events which had happened during his administration, and which still continued to agitate the states of Greece. This famous history is continued only to the twenty-first year of the war, and the remaining part of the time till the demolition of the walls of Athens, was described by Theopompus and Xenophon. Thucydides wrote in the Attic dialect, which has most vigor, purity, elegance, and energy. Thucydides died at Athens, where he had been recalled from his exile about 411 years B. C. The best edition of his works are those of Oxford, in fol. 1696, and of Duker, Amst. 1731, also fol.

THUJA, in botany, the arbor vitæ, or tree of life, a genus of plants, belonging to the class of monodelphia, and order of monoecia; and in the natural system ranging under the fifty-first order coniferæ. There are four species, viz. 1. T. apylla; 2. T. dolabrata; but the most remarkable are, 3. T. occidentalis, the common arbor vitæ, grows naturally in Canada, Siberia, and other northern countries. In some of the English gardens a few of these trees grow to a large size. 4. T. orientalis, the Chinese arbor vitæ, growing naturally in the northern parts of China, where it rises to a considerable height. The branches grow closer together, and are much better adorned with leaves, which are of a brighter green color, so make a much better appearance than the last species, and, being very hardy, is esteemed preferable to most of the evergreen trees with small leaves, for ornaments in gardens. The branches cross each other at right angles; the leaves are flat; but the single divisions of the leaves are slender, and the scales are smaller and lie closer over each other than those of the other. The cones are also much larger, and of a beautiful gray color: their scales end in acute inflexed points. These trees are propagated by seeds, layers or cuttings.

THUILLIER (Vincet), a learned French writer, born at Coucy, in 1685. He translated Polybius; and wrote a letter on the Bull Unigenitus. He died in 1786, aged 101. THUISTO, a hero and deity of the ancient Germans.-Tacitus. Perhaps the same with

Tuisco.

THULE, or THYLE, in ancient geography, an island in the most northern part of the German Ocean. Its situation was never accurately ascertained by the ancients: hence its present name is unknown by modern historians. Some suppose that it is the island now called Iceland, or part of Greenland, and others that it was Foula

THUMB, n.s. Sax. Juma. The short strong finger answering to the other four. Here I have a pilot's thumb, Wrecked as homeward he did come.

Shakspeare. Macbeth. When he is dead you will wear him in thumb Dryden. rings, as the Turks did Scanderbeg.

The hand is divided into four fingers bending forwards, and one opposite bending backwards, called the thumb, to join with them severally or united, whereby it is fitted to lay hold of objects.

Ray on the Creation. Every man in Turkey is of some trade; Sultan Achmet was a maker of ivory rings, which the Turks

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