Captain George Davidson in the Pacific Coast Pilot, page 629, says: "These high flanking mountains of the Olympus Range are called the Jupiter Hills." He does not say who gave the name, but he named the higher peaks back of the Jupiter Hills - Mount Constance, Mount Ellinor and The Brothers.

K

KACHESS LAKE, a body of water in the Cascade Range, Kittitas County. Captain (later General) George B. McClellan was at this lake in September, 1853, and refers to it as Kahchess. (Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. I., pages 377-389.) The word is Indian and means many fish or more fish. (Mrs. Jennie Whittington McKinney, in Names Mss., Letter 379.)

KAH-CHUG, See Lake Union.

KAH-LOO-CHEE RIVER, see Kettle River.

KAHLOTUS, a town in the western part of Franklin County. It was first called Hardersburg, but the postoffice department objected to the length of that word and the Indian name was chosen. It means Hole-in-the-ground. The first settlers built there in 1901. (E. B. Poe, in Names MSS., Letter 410.) The Washtucna Enterprise is authority for the statement that when the Northern Pacific, Connell Branch, was built station sign boards were mixed, and the Kahlotus sign was left where the town of Washtucna was located. (Names MSS., Letter 386.) KA'BOUK LAKE, see Ozette Lake.

KAHTAI, see Port Townsend.

KALA POINT, on the western shore of Port Townsend Bay, Jefferson County. It was named by the Wilkes Expedition, 1841. It is likely an Indian word.

KALAMA, a river and a town in the southern part of Cowlitz County. The town was named by General J. W. Sprague of the Northern Pacific Railroad in 1871. To somply with the law twenty-five miles of road was built toward Puget Sound, and the place of beginning was then named Kalama. (Elwood Evans, in History of the Pacific Northwest, Vol. II., page 47.) Rev. Myron Eells thought the word came from the Indian word Calamet, meaning stone. See Cathlamet. Mrs. E. R. Huntington, of Castle Rock, says the name was spelled Calama in early days. She obtained from Norman Burbee when eighty years of age information that his father took up a claim

on that river in 1847, and that the Indians told him that Calama meant pretty maiden. (Names MSS., Letter 158.)

KALAMUT ISLAND, northeast of Penn Cove, Whidbey Island, Island County. It was named by the Wilkes Expedition, 1841, and the name is evidently of Indian origin.

KALEETAN, a mountain in the Cascade Range near Snoqualmie Pass. The name, Indian word for arrow, was suggested by the Mountaineers in 1916 and has been approved by the United States Geographic Board. (Names MSS., Letter 580.)

KAMAS PRAIRIE CREEK, see Latah Creek.

KAMILCHIE, a town in Mason County. The name as spoken by the Nisqually, Squaxin and Puyallup Indians would be Ka-bel-chi. (J. A. Costello, The Siwash.) It is the Indian word for valley. (Grant C. Angle, in Names MSS., Letter 83.)

KAM-KAM-HO, see Point Wilson.

KANE, an obsolete town in the northwestern part of Skagit County, named in honor of D. J. Cain, who once operated a shingle mill there. (Noble G. Price, in Names MSS., Letter 48.)

KANEM ISLAND, see Cottonwood Island.

KANSAS COVE, a large cove inside of Turn Island, on the eatsern shore of San Juan Island, San Juan County. It was named by Walter L. C. Muenscher in honor of the State of Kansas, which was represented for many summers in marine studies near there. (A Study of the Algal Associations of San Juan Island, in Puget Sound Marine Station Publications, Vol. I., No. 9, pages 59-84.)

KAPOWSIN, the name of a lake and a town in the central part of Pierce County. It has been spelled Kipowsin and Kapousen. It is evidently of Indian origin.

KAP-Y-O CREEK, see Coppie Creek.

KARANIPS, see Curlew.

KATALAMET, see Cathlamet. The Wilkes Expedition, 1841, used the spelling Katalamet.

KATHERINE CREEK, a tributary of Kettle River, in Ferry County. It was named for the wife of the Indian, Martin Alec. (Postmaster at Ferry, in Names MSS., Letter 202.)

KATHLAMET, see Cathlamet.

KAUTZ RIVER, flowing from a glacier of the same name on Mt. Rainier in the eastern part of Pierce County. The name is an honor for Lieutenant (later General) A. V. Kautz, who attempted to ascend the

mountain in 1857.

1913, page 297.)

(Washington Historical Quarterly, for October,

KEECHELUS, a lake in the Cascade Range, Kittitas County. The word has had various forms of spelling. It is said to be Indian for few fish or less fish, as Kachess, a neighboring lake, is said to have many fish or more fish. (Mrs. Jennie Whittington McKinney, in Names MSS., Letter 379.) In the History of Kittitas Valley, by the Seventh Grade of the Ellensburg Normal School, 1915-1916, on page 3, it is said that the word means bad lake, and an Indian legend tells about a man on a tall horse in the center of the lake. One of the horses of a band of passing Indians swam out to the tall horse and they both disappeared. From that time it was to the Indian "Bad Lake." Captain (later General) George B. McClellan was at the lake in September, 1853, and calls it Lake Kitchelus. (Pacific Railway Reports, Vol. I., pages 377-389.)

KEEKWULEE FALLS, the lowest falls in Denny Creek, in the Snoqualmie Pass region of the Cascade Range. The word is Chinook Jargon for falling down. The name was suggested by The Mountaineers in 1916 and has been approved by the United States Geographic Board. (Names MSS., Letter 580.)

KELLER, a town on the Sanpoil River, in the southern part of Ferry County. There was a miniature placer mining boom there, and J. C. Keller started a store in a tent in 1898. He also built one of the first stores in Republic. He packed his goods to both stores from Wilbur. While he was at Republic, J. K. Wood began calling the other place Keller, and the name has stuck. A mile up the river miners platted a townsite under the name of Keller. Then R. L. Boyle incorporated the older camp under the name of Harlinda. The postal authorities refused to move the postoffice to the new town or to authorize the change of the old town's name to Harlinda. (G. A. Samuels, newspaper clipping, in Names MSS., Letter 408.)

KELLETT BLUFF, the south cape of Henry Island, San Juan County. Named by Lieutenant Commander Wood, H. M. S. Pandora, in 1847, in honor of Captain Henry Kellett of H. M. surveying vessel Herald.

KELLETT LEDGE, off Cape St. Mary, on the southeast coast of Lopez Island. It was named by the United States Coast Survey, in 1854, in honor of Captain Henry Kellett, of the British Navy. (Pacific Coast Pilot, page 562, footnote.)

[To be continued]

THE NISQUALLY JOURNAL

In the Quarterly for July, 1915-April, 1916, was published the first volume of the Nisqually Journals, edited by Clarence B. Bagley, assisted by the writer. At the time of publication is was generally understood that to reproduce all of the work was a task wholly beyond the capacity of the magazine, but as requests have come in for a reproduction of more of this material it has been decided to run one more portion.

Up to the year 1838, Fort Nisqually may be regarded as a semifarming, semi-trading establishment; but in that year a certain event came to pass which was to change its character entirely. As early as 1833 Chief Trader Archibald McDonald had urged the Hudson's Bay Company to permit certain persons to form a subsidiary concern for the purpose of raising cattle and produce in the West. Older heads, however, frowned on the idea as likely to interfere with the fur business, and dropped the whole matter. But drop the matter as it would, the company was of necessity obliged to raise agricultural produce not only to meet its own demands, but the needs of its foreign markets, and thus certain of its establishments were turned into small farms. Nisqually was one of these, and went on for several years in this dual capacity. By 1838 the agricultural business had assumed such proportions that its prosecution by the company was deemed inadvisable, and a new company, the Puget's Sound Agricultural Company, was planned to handle this end. On paper it was a separate organization, with a capital stock, etc., but its by-laws were so framed as to make it little else than a "set of books," wherein were recorded the agricultural operations of the fur company. Its officers were from that company, its shareholders persons interested in the fur trade; its direction in all affairs by it. Inasmuch as land and buildings were never carried on the books, the new company began business on December 23, 1840, by purchasing the fur company's cattle. Herds were driven in from east of the mountains and California, and soon Nisqually became the scene of operations on a grand scale. Here, and at the Cowlitz Farm and Vancouver, the two companies went on side by side, in reality as of old, but under a new bookkeeping arrangement. While Nisqually is the chief scene of operations the headquarters are at Vancouver. No complete inventories have as yet been compiled, but we know that from a small farm in 1838, Nisqually possessed in 1841 200 acres of land

under cultivation, with 3,000 sheep and 1,500 cattle; and in 1851 1,500 acres of land under cultivation with 10,000 sheep and 6,000 cattle.

The labor was performed entirely by servants and Indians. Only at one time did the Company depart from this system, in 1841-42, when some 18 Red River immigrants were settled upon those places since known as Steilacoom, Muck, Spanaway, etc., where they were expected to assist in the raising of produce, but when they had all departed to the valley of the Willamette, the Company resettled these places with servants, who continued on the former salary arrangement.

Although the Oregon Question had been settled in 1846 and the country American, expansion continued unabated. The pathfindersettlers Simmons, et al., are here, but they offer no serious obstacle to the Company and seem to work to its advantage. It is the settler migration following on the Oregon Land Law which is to spell defeat to the Company. VICTOR J. FARRAR.

[March, 1849]1

Saturday 10th. Fair all day, work as before.

Sunday 11th. Sleet, rain & snow most o[f t]he day.

Monday 12th. Cold, windy weather Wren, Cowie & two Indians, squaring wood for press shed. Slocum making saddle bags, Thibeault working about Marrons. Lowe brought in wild horses for thrashing tomorrow.

Tuesday 13th. Mild throughout the day. Slocum sowed 412 bush. Oats, Beinston treading out wheat with horses. Steilacoom2 & Squally sent out to Muck3 to split rails for lambing Parks.

Wednesday 14th. Morning frosty. Day milder & Cloudy. Sowed 10 Bush. Oats-harrowed by 3 harrows. Adam winnowing wheat. The rest as before. Sent two Ox tumbrils to Tenalquot with provisions. Slagomas arrived from Vancouver accompanied by a Kanaka; 3 old Milch Cows found dead.

1 The Nisqually Journals which have come down to us cover the following periods: May 30, 1833, to April 25, 1835; April 26, 1835, to August 23, 1836; September 1, 1836, to October 31, 1837; November 1, 1837, to May 31, 1836; January 20, 1846, to April 30, 1847; March 10, 1849, to August 6, 1850; August 7, 1850, to August 31, 1851; September 1, 1851, to October 3, 1852; October 4, 1852, to May 28, 1854; May 29, 1854, to August 15, 1856; August 25, 1856, to August 23, 1857; September 26, 1857, to September 27, 1859. It will be seen that certain books are missing, having in some way been extracted from the series: some four or five journals covering the six odd years from May 31, 1839, to January 20, 1846; and one journal the two years from April 30, 1847, to March 10, 1849. In addition to the Nisqually Journals the collection includes Muck Farm Journal from April 22, 1858, to April 16, 1859; and Tithlow Journal from January 1. 1851, to August 2, 1851, and from November 19, 1856, to April 30, 1857.

Not the Indian for whom the town of Steilacoom is named and whom we encountered in the Journal for 1833, but just a servant Indian, or halfbreed, bearing this cognomen. Compare, Squally (Nisqually), and Kalama, mentioned elsewhere in this Journal.

A farmsite and herdsman's station maintained by theCompany, situated near the present town of Roy, Pierce County. The creek of the same name was known to the Company as Douglas River.

A farmsite and herdsman's station maintained by the Company on a prairie of the same name near McIntosh, Thurston County.