ENGLISH EXERCISES. Explanation.-The Exercises throughout correspond with the Lessons in the Grammar.-Long or difficult Lessons are subdivided into Sections, each of which contains its own exercises.-The Numerals 1, 2, 3, &c. correspond with the Paragraphs thus numbered in the Grammar.-Par. denotes a reference to the paragraph; p to the page. Note.-It is recommended that the Exercises throughout be first answered in Writing, and afterwards Orally. INTRODUCTION. Exercise 1.-Lesson 1.-Paragraphs 1 to 3.-p. 1 of Grammar. Questions.-1. Define the term Language. Show the difference between Written and Oral Language. State the advantages of each. 2. Of what is Language composed? Show the necessity of Grammar. What nations of antiquity paid especial attention to this? Explain universal-particular Grammar. Mention the branches connected with Language. 3. a. State the appropriate office of Grammar. With what is Grammar not concerned? What is it intended to accomplish? b. What rules does Logic supply? With what have these rules nothing to do? What determines the degree of evidence for any proposition? Show the appropriate province of Logic. c. Define Rhetoric. State what subjects it embraces. B PART I-ORTHOGRAPHY. Exercise 2.-Lesson 2. Pars. 1 to 11.-p. 3. of Grammar. Divisions of Grammar. 1. Questions.-1. Define English Grammar. What does it include ? 2. Name the two modes of expression. Which mode determines the rules of Grammar ? 3. Explain Orthography,—Etymology,—Syntax,-Punctuation,-Prosody,Orthoëpy, Versification. 4 to 7. Explain Orthography,-Letters. How many letters are there in English? Explain the term Alphabet. What letters rarely occur in old books? Explain W and Y,-Capital letters. When are Capitals used? When are small letters used? 8 to 11. Define a Vowel,-a Consonant. Name the Vowels,-the Consonants. Define and name the Mutes,-the Liquids,-Labials,-Dentals,Gutturals,-Nasals,-Linguals. Define and name a Diphthong,-Digraph, Triphthong. 2. Exercises.—In the following words underline:— a. The Vowels.-Modesty, young, study, writing, recover. e. Diphthongs.-Each, cause, demean, remain, rumours. Exercise 3.—Lesson 3.-Pars. 12 to 16.—p. 6. Sounds of the Vowels. 1. Questions.-12. Give the proper sounds of A;—of aa ;—of ae ;—of ai ;— of au ;-of aw;--of ay ;-of yacht. 13. Give the sounds of E;-of e at the end of a word ;-of ea ;—of eau ;of ei;-of en;-of eo;-of eu, ew;-of ey ;-of e final in some foreign words. 14. Give the sounds of I;-of I before r;-of ia;-of ie;-of ieu ;-of io;-of the terminations tion, sion;-of ile final in words accented on the last syllable but one;-of ise in words accented on the last syllable but one,-in words accented on the last but two;-of ize;-of ine. 15. Give the sounds of 0;-of oa;-of oe;-of oi;-of oo;-of ou;-of ow ;-of oy. 16. Give the sounds of U;-of ua ;—of ue ;—of ui ;—of `uo;—of uy. 2. Exercises.-a. Overline, with the proper mark, the vowel a and the diphthongs in the following:-Make, name, car, hard, wall, fall, lamp, thank, path;-Canaan, Baal;-Cæsar, aedile, aesthetic; -pail, sail, plaid, Britain;-daunt, aught, laundry, laurel, hautboy;-law, draw, lawn ;-day, may, quay. b. Overline E and the diphthongs in these ;-Glebe, theme, here, then, men, even, seven ;-breeze, sweet;-appear, breath, break, heart, fear, realm;-beau, bureau ;-vein, seize, foreign ;-people, leopard, dungeon, yeoman ;-feud, dew, shew, brew, slew; - survey, bey, valley, journey;-juvenile, fertile ;- epitome, syncope. c. Overline I and the diphthongs in these:-Fine, pin, child, night, win, liver;-flirt;-filial, carriage;-grief, die, sieve, believe, friend;-lieu;-violent, question;-fer'tile, rep'tile, defile', revile', sterile, ser'vile, volatile ;-fran'chise, likewise, criticise;— civilize, humanize, realize ;-medicine, feminine, serpentine, porcupine. d. Overline O and the diphthongs in these:-Note, not, move, son;-boat, coal, broad, groat;-foe, shoe, canoe;-boil, soil; -moon, good, food ;-door;-bound;-enough, youth, though, cough, ought;-brown, snow ;-toy, joy. e. Overline U and the diphthongs in these :-Mule, tub, full, busy, burial;-assuage, guard, victual;-quench, hue, guest, catalogue ;—languid, guide, guilt, juice, fruit, true ;——quote ;— obloquy, buy. Exercise 4.-Lesson 4.-Pars. 17 to 38.—p. 7. Sounds of the Consonants. 1. Questions. Give the sounds of B. In what words is b silent? Before what letters is Chard ;-soft;-silent? Give the various sounds of ch;-of arch. Give the various sounds of D;-of ed. Give the sounds of F. State when G is hard;-soft;—silent. Give the sound of ng-of gh. Explain H. Give the words in which h is silent. Give the sounds of J;-of K;-of L;-of le ;-of tal. Give the sounds of M;- of N:-of P; Give the sounds of Q;-of R; of re. words is s silent? Give the sounds of Vowel;-before a consonant. of ph. In what words is p silent? Give the sounds of S. In what T;-of th;-of ti;-of The before a Give the sounds of V;-of W;-of w after o at the end of words. Give the sounds of X;-of Y;-of Z. Show in what respects the English Alphabet is defective, redundant. What is said respecting accented and unaccented vowels ?-respecting the pronunciation of Compounds? 2. Exercises.—Underline the silent letters in the following words: apophthegm phthisis isle half island czarina sigh herb talk demesne hymn answer |