ART. IV.-BY WHOM CHOSEN.

By the legislatures of the several States. 8.

ART. V.-WHEN CHOSEN.

One-third the number of senators shall be chosen every second year. 9.

ART. VI. -HOW CLASSED.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes:

1. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at

the expiration of the second year.

2. Of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year.

3. Of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year. 9.

ART. VII.-VACANCIES.

If vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise during the recess of the legislature of any State,

1. The executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature.

2. The legislature shall then fill such vacancies. 9.

ART. VIII. - VOTE.

Each senator shall have one vote. S.

ART. IX.. -PRESIDING OFFICER.

1. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate.

2. He shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 11. 3. The Senate shall also choose a president pro tempore in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 12.

ART. X.-SENATE POWERS.

1. Legislative. 1st. Co-ordinate with the House of Representatives in general legislation. 2.

2d. May propose or concur with amendments to bills for raising revenue. 23.

2. Executive.-1st. To ratify treaties proposed by the President of the United States, two-thirds of the senators present concurring.

2d. To confirm the following officers when nominated by the President of the United States:

1st. Ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls. 2d. Judges of the Supreme Court.

3. Elective.

3d. All other officers of the United States whose appointments are not otherwise provided for by the Constitution, and which shall be established by law. 61. 1st. Excepting their president, they shall choose their officers, and also a president pro tempore. 11, 12. 2d. When the electors of President and Vice-President of the United States fail to elect a Vice-President, the Senate shall elect one. 95.

4. Judicial.

-1st. The Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments, when sitting for that purpose, on oath or affirmation. 13.

2d. The Chief Justice shall preside when the President of the United States is tried.

3d. Without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present, no person shall be convicted. 13.

4th. May render judgment of impeachment no further than,1st. To removal from office; and,

2d. Disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States. 14.

CHAPTER III.

PROVISIONS COMMON TO BOTH HOUSES.

ARTICLE I.- - MEMBERSHIP.

Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its members. 17.

ART. II. QUORUM.

1. A majority of either house is a quorum to do business.

2. A smaller number may adjourn from day to day.

3. A smaller number may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties

as each house may provide. 17.

ART. III.-JOURNAL.

1. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings.

2. They shall publish the same from time to time, except such parts as in their judgment shall require secrecy. 19.

ART. IV.-YEAS AND NAYS.

At the desire of one-fifth of those present, the yeas and nays of the members of either house shall be entered on the journal on any question. 19.

ART. V.-BUSINESS RULES.

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings. 18.

1. Either house may punish its members for disorderly behavior; and, 2. With the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 18.

1. Adjournments.

ART. VII.—PROHIBITIONS.

1st. Neither house during the session of Congress shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days; nor,

2d. To any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 20.

2. On Members.

No member of either house shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any office under the United States,

1st. Which shall have been created during such time; nor, 2d. The emoluments of which have been increased during such time. 22.

ART. VIII.-OFFICIAL OATH.

The senators and representatives shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States. 81.

1. The members shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law; and,

2. The same shall be paid from the treasury of the United States. 21.

1. Resources.

CHAPTER IV.

POWERS OF CONGRESS.

ARTICLE I.-FINANCES.

1st. To lay and collect taxes, uniform duties, imposts and excises. 26.

But all direct taxes must be apportioned among the sev

eral States according to their respective numbers. 5, 47.

2d. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 27. 3d. To dispose of the territory of the United States.

4th. To dispose of other property of the United States. 76. 2. Disbursements.

1st. To pay the debts of the United States.

2d. To provide for the common defense.

3d. To provide for the general welfare of the United States. 26.

To regulate commerce,

ART. II.-COMMERCE.

1. With foreign nations;

2. Among the States;

3. With the Indian tribes. 28.

ART. III.-COMMERCIAL.

1. To coin money;

2. To regulate the value thereof;

3. To regulate the value of foreign coin;

4. To fix the standard of weights and measures. 30.
5. To establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies
throughout the United States. 29.

ART. IV. PENALTIES.

1. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting,
1st. The securities of the United States;

2d. The current coin of the United States. 31.
2. To define piracies and felonies committed on the high seas,
and offenses against the law of nations;

3. Also to provide for punishing these crimes. 35.
4. To declare the punishment of treason. 70.

ART. V.-POSTAL.

1. To establish post-offices;

2. To establish post-roads. 32.

ART. VI.-PATENT AND COPY RIGHTS.

To provide for the progress of science and the useful arts by granting for limited times,

1. To authors, the exclusive right to their respective writings; 2. To inventors, the exclusive right to their respective discoveries. 33.

1. To declare war ;

ART. VII.-WAR.

2. To grant letters of marque and reprisal ;

3. To make rules concerning captures on land and water. 36. 4. To raise and support armies. 37.

5. To provide and maintain a navy. 38.

6. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and

naval forces. 39.

7. To provide, 1st. For organizing, arming, and disciplining the

militia ;

2d. For governing such part of the militia as may be em

ployed in the service of the United States. 41.