sent participle. (a) does not require illustration. (b) in a given passage is often hard to distinguish from (a) on the one hand or (c) or (d) on the other. Still, I think, it is clear in 11. 9. 8 illum expectando facta remansit anus 'she remained faithful and became old,' iv. 5 (6). 3 num me laetitia tumefactum fallis? v. 5. 13 cantatae leges imponere lunae; and so where no past has preceded, 1. 1. 19 deductae fallacia lunae and note, Iv. 11 (12). 3 spoliati gloria Parthi and others quoted by Hertzb. p. 121'. (c) and (d) have become so mixed in usage (which was to be expected, as the part. in both cases is in the same relation to the main verb), that we cannot conveniently separate them. The past part. has a present sense, ie. it is used of the same time as the principal verb, in Iv. 18 (19). 26 pendet Cretaea tracta puella rate, Iv. 13 (14). 6 uersi clauis adunca trochi, v. 7. 92 nos uehimur: uectum nauta recenset onus, and still stranger id. 59 ecce coronato pars altera uecta phaselo [for uehitur (uecta est), unless, as is more probable, it is anacoluthic like the pres. part.; see below], Iv. 1. 12 et mecum in curru parui uectantur Amores scriptorumque meas turba secuta rotas, unless this is a case like IV. 16 (17). 38 libatum fundens in tua sacra meum. The passage of past participles into adjectives is now more intelligible, p. civ.2

There are some very odd uses of the inf., partly Graecisms, (i) after verbs or verbal phrases;

1. 11. 5 ecquid te...nostri cura subit me

Infinitive.

mores a! ducere noctes? (where observe the double

1 In these two latter cases the gerundive is more usual.

2 The use of the perf. and pluperf. to denote that a continuous state is now past may be noted in passing. It is not unusual. But it rarely gets a separate mention. See v. 2. 26 note, III. 28 (23). 2 a magno Caesare aperta fuit 'Caesar has been opening.'

=

After verbs.

headed construction) wσTe ayev, I. 9. 5 non me..... uincant dicere (i. e. dicendo, see note), I. 16. 11, 12 reuocatur parcere (wore peideσtai)... et uiuere (rò μn où Siaiтâobai) double-headed again, II. 1. 42 nec mea conueniunt praecordia-Caesaris in Phrygios condere nomen auos, Iv. 1. 14 non datur ad Musas currere lata uia (évrpéxew, as a Greek might have said), Iv. 10 (11). 64 est cui cognomen coruus habere dedit (apparently an imitation of Virgil). (ii) after adjectives; 1. 11. 12 facilis cedere, 111. 5. 12 (4. 28) lassa uocare (note) and elsewhere, iv. 4 (5). 35 serus uersare, v. 5. 13 audax leges imponere. There are not so many as in some Augustan writers. (iii) = supine 1. 1. 12 note, 1. 6. 33 seu pedibus terras seu pontum carpere For supine. remis ibis, 1. 20. 24 processerat quaerere.

After adjec

tives.

(iv) as a nom. Propertius uses the inf. thus very freely; Iv. 12 (13). 28 illis munus erant Cydonia...et dare...et tondere, ib. 38 nec fuerat poena As nominative. uidere. So also with other verbs, I. 9. 34.

Prepositions.

Propertius' use of these presents very great peculiarities. I shall take them in order.

ad.

ad. (i) 'to,' with loqui, dicere; e. g. 1. 18. 30, v. 11. 83. (ii) near,' where we should expect in (an indefinite use); ad frontem errare capillos 11. 1. 7, ad Indos 'in India' II. 9. 29, crepat ad ueteres herba Sabina focos v. 3. 58, ad baculum v. 2. 39. (iii) 'at,' of time (elsewhere with horam, tempus, and the like); ad Archemori funera III. 32 (26). 38. (iv) 'against'; Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras 11. 18 (16). 9, arma deus Caesar dites meditatur ad Indos IV. 4 (5). 1. (v) 'for,' denoting the purpose or object of anything; satus ad pacem IV. 8 (9). 19 note, ad effectum uires dare ib. 27, fortis ad proelia III. 1. 3, hic tibi ad eloquium ciues 'to hear your eloquence' Iv. 22. 41. (vi) 'to,'

'respecting'; irritus ad v. 9. 40, ad Priami uera caput v. 1. 52, caecus ad 111. 15 (13). 20. For ad uerum III. 5. 26 (4. 42) and ad sanum IV. 24. 18 compare

notes there.

per. Of place = (i) 'through,' 'from amidst'; so 1. 21. 7 n., v. 4. 20 per flauas arma leuare iubas 'from the crowd of plumes'; not the same

per.

as inter which would be used where the line of view is uninterrupted, whereas per indicates that a thing is seen suddenly or by glimpses: 'through and before'; Iv. 12 (13). 12 spolia opprobrii nostra per ora trahit. (ii) 'over,' i. e. on or around; v. 3. 26 det mihi plorandas per tua colla notas, cf. v. 5. 51 titulus per barbara colla pependit. (iii) 'over' i. e. 'across,' on the other side of; v. 7. 55 est sedes turpem sortita per amnem. (iv) some pregnant uses; IV. 13 (14). 5 pila uelocis fallit per bracchia iactus 'from arm to arm,' v. 8. 87 mutato per singula pallia lecto, 'one coverlet after another'; cf. v. 6. 35 n. Of metaphorical usages we may notice (v) a use for the abl. of the instrument IV. 8 (9). 26 onerare tuam fixa per arma domum and note. If the rule that subter with the acc. means 'to and under' (Roby 2125) is correct, Propertius does not observe it; 1. 32 (26)..67 canis subter pineta, IV. 3 (4). 18 subter captos arma sedere duces, where observe the dislocation of words.

subter.

ab = (i) 'away from' in a pregnant use; III. 9 (8). 6 ut liquor arenti fallat ab ore sitim, 'as it flies from his lips.' (ii) 'on the side of'; in

ab.

a very odd expression Iv. 10 (11). 24 ne possent tacto stringere ab axe latus (this is sometimes taken as in iii.). (iii) ab of 'instrument'; redundant v. 3. 39 putris ab aestu, IV. 1. 63 (2. 23) ab aeuo excidet, perhaps ab insidiis IV. 25. 6, though that may be also taken for ex insidiis (note), or as ab irrisu 'in derision' Livy. So ab arte ih. 5, &c. (iv) 'after'; note a condensed expr. in 1. 13. 24 ab Oetaeis iugis 'after Oeta,' i.e. after

it had done its worst to Hercules.

Tethyos aequora

So in Lucan post

de.

'after reaching the ocean.' Propertius is very fond of de, using it where we might expect ab or ex; e. g. surgere de toro, de ducibus arma recepta, de pectore euolare, de tanto nomine rumor eris 1. 5. 26 n. But there is nothing very peculiar in his general use of it, except the phrase already referred to III. 19 (16). 14 iam tibi de timidis iste superbus erit (for timidus) and the phrase de nihilo 'at no expense' II. 3. 16, but in III. 8 (7). 52 'without a motive.'

ex. (i) of things attached; IV. 8 (9). 51 ex ubere 'at the teats' is peculiar, less so is III. 3. 10

ex umero utroque 'hanging from.' (ii) of

ex.

origin; 1. 4. 28 nec quicquam ex illa quod querar inueniam (in would be expected). (iii) 'in consequence of'; II. 1. 50 totam ex Helena non probat Iliada. We have a very rare adverbial phrase iv. 21.

6 ex omni.

pro. One very rare phrase calls for remark 1. 10. 24 neu tibi pro uano uerba benigna cadant.

Compare Iv. 6 (7). 12 n.

pro.

sine is a favourite preposition of Propertius. Observe its use with a noun and a predicate v. 11, 79 sine testibus illis and note, v. 4. 53 sine matris honore.

space.

in. A. with acc. (i) motion in use IV. 8 (9). 60 in partes fuisse tuas and note, Iv. 24. 19 and note. Cf. Lewis and

sine.

With acc.

Short S. V. It is sometimes used with a good deal of subtlety; III. 31 (25). 43 semper in absentes felicior aestus amantes 'the tide sets fair towards an absent love,' v. 5. 48 surdus in obductam somniet usque seram 'go to sleep over.' (ii) of time 'till the time of'; v. 6. 82 differat in pueros. (iii) very frequently metaphorical, 'for' or 'to,' of the end, object or result of anything; v. 6. 13 Caesaris in

P. P.

=

nomen ducuntur carmina (note), v. 3. 48 in glaciem frigore nectit aquas 'till they are ice,' iv. 2 (3). 35 hederas legit in thyrsos (cf. v. 34), Iv. 22. 14 in faciem prorae pinus adacta nouae, with which compare the more difficult expressions v. 6. 30 in obliquam ter sinuata facem and v. 11. 83 somniaque in faciem credita saepe meam 'believed to take my form,' Iv. 22. 38 curuatas in sua fata trabes 'to cause the death of their master,' v. 5. 73 canis in nostros nimis experrecta dolores to pain me,' Iv. 20. 25 pactas in foedera aras 'plighted in troth' (in Greek ẞwuós is used of an altar pledge' οἷσιν οὔτε βωμὸς οὔθ ̓ ὅρκος μένει Aristoph.). For IV. 8 (9). 18 see note. (iv) with neuter adjectives as substantives; iv. 10(11). 23 in aduersum missi currus, III. 8 (7). 45 haec uideam rapidas in uanum ferre procellas (Prop. is fond of uanum as already noted), III. 22. 16 (18. 36) uelaque in incertum frigidus Auster agat. B. with abl. (i) of place where. Thus 'on the banks of' 1. 3. 6 in herboso concidit Apidano; 'inside,' within (generally sub), II. 6. 31 a gemat in terris (but some take it with what follows); an extension of the in of clothing v. 2. 28 corbis in imposito pondere messor eram (note). A fine use in v. 10. 30 in uestris ossibus arua metunt. (ii) where the simple abl. would have done; III. 16. 2 (13. 44) in nullo pondere uerba loqui (abl. of description, 'words of no weight'). (iii) with words denoting personal feelings or states; with gaudeo' v. 8. 63 Cynthia gaudet in exuuiis, so II. 4. 28 (18) gaudeat in puero; felix' IV. 11 (12). 15 ter quater in casta felix, o Postume, Galla; perditus 1. 13. 7 perditus in quadam; pallidus IV. 7 (8). 28 in irata pallidus esse. (iv) denoting the circumstances = 'in the case of' (indefi

1

1 In all these cases the in may be omitted.

With abl.

2 Perhaps this is due to the analogy of in numero ἐναρίθμιος, of which I have already spoken.