nite); so very frequently. III. 1. 21 caput in magnis tangere signis, IV. 7 (8). 34 in te pax mihi nulla placet (so in me), v. 3. 49 omnis magnus amor sed aperto in coniuge maior, v. 6. 51 n. &c. So where we should

expect the acc.; Iv. 16 (17). 23 uesanum in uite Lycurgum, Iv. 18 (19). 28 aequus in hoste fuit (so Virg.), (v) in orbe, apparently metrical for in orbem; Iv. 13. (14). 10 disci pondus in orbe rotat.

sub.

With acc.

With abl.

sub. A. with acc. A pregnant use may be noticed IV. 3 (4). 4 Tigris et Euphrates sub tua iura fluent will come and flow under your rule,' IV. 8 (9). 52 crescet et ingenium sub tua iussa meum (see note). B. with abl. (i) ‘of space': two uses (a) 'under the shadow of,' close to; I. 20. 33 note, sub uertice montis (sub monte is common), 1. 4. 12 sub aequoribus 'on the shore,' III. 23 (19). 13 Stygia sub harundine (note); (b) 'under shelter of'; in III. 30 (24). 39 Idaeo legisti poma sub antro 'in Ida's dells,' iv. 8 (9). 36 n. sub exiguo flumine nostra morast. (ii) 'next to,' 'after.' 11. 1. 26 Caesare sub magno cura secunda fores. (iii) of the circumstances (a Graecism) III. 25. 1 (20. 35) magico torti sub carmine rhombi (vπ' avλŵv). Hence too probably the very extraordinary use v. 7. 95 haec mecum querula sub lite peregit.

Conjunctions and particles.

I have already said something about these (p. lxiii.), and I will add something on the most no- Conjunctions ticeable points in their use.

and particles.

Negative.

non (neque, ne). Propertius is very fond of resolved negatives, not only where the negative is in a compound, but also where the idea resolved is really positive. Thus we get (i) cases like 1. 3. 8 non certis (= incertis), iv. 12 (13). 56 non ...pius, non exoratus v. 11. 4; even (ii) where the neg. appears as nec; 1. 20. 14 nec expertos (= et inexpertos

see note), III. 26. 6 (20. 52) nec proba Pasiphae (et improba P.), 111. 22. 33 (18. 53) nec umquam alternante uorans uasta Charybdis aqua. (iii) two negatives for one positive; often with meiosis; 11. 5. 2 non ignotus notorious, IV. 13 (14). 3 non infamis honourable, 1. 4. 18 non tacitus loud, &c. (iv) with verbs; II. 1. 50 non probat (improbat), &c. These are treated as if they were positive verbs; II. 9. 35 nec sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes...quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira is broken,' III. 24 (20). 13 semper, formosae, non nostis parcere uerbis (numquam n. or else nescitis would have been more usual). Hence, I believe, v. 9. 70 is to be emended Herculis eximie ne sit inulta sitis 'that it may not lack a signal vengeance.'

quoque is used in one place simply as etiam, 1. 12. 18 sunt quoque translato gaudia seruitio, Conjunctive in contravention of the rule that it quali- and disjunctive fies the preceding word.

particles.

Propertius sometimes uses (i) uel, &c., and et without much difference in meaning; thus

seu.

uel for et II. 8. 11 munera quanta dedi uel, et, neque, uel qualia carmina feci, ib. 39 (so too in other writers); et for uel v. 6. 51 n. (ii) neque, &c., with uel, &c., and et, &c. Thus II. 1. 19 sqq. non canerem...nec...et...ue...aut...que...et. seu also interchanges with uel...aut and que; Iv. 21. 25 sqq. uel... aut...aut...que...aut...siue...seu. It is found in a unique use in II. 1. 15 seu quicquid fecit siue est quodcumque locuta where it adds nothing to the sense. This use of seu becomes more prominent in later Latin. So does the intensive use of sed 'and that too' which is very common in Martial, and whose origin is explained on 11. 5. 15; see v. 10. 12 hic spolia ex umeris ausus sperare Quirini ipse dedit sed non sanguine sicca suo. Its adversative force tends to disappear in other cases as III. 27 (21). 7 (cf. 11) and supra p. lxiii.

sed.

ut and ne.

A curious use of ut has been mentioned above, p. xc. ne, which appears in one place as ni (v. supra), is put for ut non so that... not' in Iv. 10 (11). 24 and not improbably v. 11. 47. num appears where no negative and even a positive answer is required, v. 3, 23, 11, 3. 23.

пит.

Hitherto I have spoken of particular words and forms of words, so far as the word or form may be said to have a particular use or meaning attached to it. I shall now say

Construction of sentences.

a little on their combination and interaction in sentences. The distinction is a convenient one though not always easy to apply.

Stress of the sentence.

The Stress of the sentence.

I have already pointed out (p. lxii.) that this is often where we should least expect it, and more examples may be got from the notes. non-perception of this has sometimes led commentators wrong. Thus III. 32 (26). 72 huic licet ingratae Tityrus ipse canat means 'a Tityrus might sing to her and she would be ungrateful. Propertius often leaves the predicate to be taken care of by the emphasis alone, where others would have helped it by inserting a word like esse. See note on 1. 8. 62. Sometimes a part. or adj. contains a thought which would have been more clearly conveyed by a separate sentence; 1. 19. 24 frangitur assiduis certa puella minis (i. e. quamuis c.), III. 31 (25). 9 cum te iussit habere puellam cornua Iuno 'maid as thou wast,' v. 9. 22 terraque non ullas feta ministrat aquas 'in spite of its teeming breast,' 'from its teeming breast.'

1 I believe this has been already pointed out by Mr Wratislaw in a paper read before the Cambridge Philological Society.

Concord and attraction.

Concord and attraction of

jectives.

The following are unusual; 11. 9. 41 sidera sunt testes, III. 6 (5). 24 haec mihi deuictis potior uictoria Parthis, haec spolia, haec reges, haec mihi currus erunt. It would nouns and adusually be hi reges, hic currus erit. Observe also the change to neut. plur. haec in the pentameter, and the plur. erunt in agreement with haec. This is the usual construction in Prop.; Iv. 12 (13). 27 illis munus erant decussa Cydonia ramo, Iv. 8 (9). 34. Amongst attractions may be mentioned iv. 5 (6). 39, 40 me quoque consimili impositum torquerier igni iurabo et bis sex integer esse dies where the change of constr. is very noticeable. II. 9. 7 is still stranger uisura et quamuis numquam speraret Vlixem. It is to be explained as follows. (a) speraret se uisuram is the ordinary constr. Roby 1444, then (b) the se is omitted speraret uisuram, Roby 1347; then (c) the uisura is attracted into the nom., as in the foregoing ex. and others quoted by Roby 1350 to which 1. 16. 8 (n.) is probably to be added. The subtle influence of juxtaposition probably accounts for III. 8 (7). 16 Iuppiter, indigna merce puella perit (for indignum an exclamation 'monstrous!'), III. 7 (6). 38 uitae longus et annus erit (probably for uitae longum as the order seems to shew). Compare p. cvi. on the pronouns.

Omissions.

There are two omissions in Propertius of frequent occurrence. (i) of parts of sum. The omis

sion of the inf. throws the stress of the

Omissions.

sentence into the predicate as has been already explained. Besides this, finite parts of it are sum. omitted. The regular omissions are given

in Roby 1442—4.

Propertius has several rare ones;

II. 8. 13 ergo tam multos nimium temerarius annos (sc. sum) qui tulerim, 111. 24 (20). 12 an contempta tibi Iunonis templa Pelasgae Palladis aut oculos ausa (es) negare bonos? His absolute use of the part. is perhaps so to be explained; iv. 16 (17). 38 ante fores templi (erit) crater antistitis auro libatum fundens in tua sacra merum. See above on the past part. and on the vocative. Omissions of the subj. in 1. 8. 37 n. (esset), III. 23 (19). 11 n. (sit). (ii) The second class of omissions is that of the personal pronouns both in the nom. as in iv. 10 (11). 68 nunc ubi Scipiadae classes...aut modo Pompeia Bospore capte manu? and in oblique cases as in 1. 1. 23 note, I. 3. 30, IV. 24. 6 n., III. 30 (24). 28 testis eris puras, Phoebe, (te) uidere manus. So with is; IV. 15 (16). 14 nemo adeo, ut noceat (ei), barbarus esse See more in Hertzb. p. 124; and compare

uolet.

P. lxii.

Personal

nouns.

pro

Verbs of mo

Other ellipses.

We have other elliptical expressions. tion are to be supplied in iv. 4 (5). 30 in nubes unde perennis aqua, Iv. 17 (18). 21 sed tamen huc omnes, v. 2. 29 sobrius ad lites. The verb is omitted with quo and unde in interrogations III. 27 (22). 31 quo tu matutinus, ait, speculator amicae? II. 7. 13 unde mihi patriis natos praebere triumphis? and in exclamations v. 6. 65 di melius!

When a word is put once which should appear twice, we get a zeugmatic or double-headed

structions.

non

construction which has been noticed al- Zeugmatic conready; see p. lxiv. So 1. 15. 13 et quamuis numquam posthac uisura-dolebat-illa tamen longae conscia laetitiae, IV. 21. 33 seu-moriar-fato turpi fractus amore 'if I die, I shall die by the decree of fate.' A second case is where another word or phrase, either (a) alike in meaning but different in form, or (b) alike in form but different in meaning, has to be supplied from the context. Thus (a) IV. 12