LENGTH, 250 miles; breadth, 150. Between 37° 47' and 41° 50' N. lat. and 7° 45' and 11° W. lon. from W. C. Bounded north by Michigan state and lake east by Ohio; south by Ohio river; and west by Illinois.

TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS.-Continued.

Pop. in 1800, 5,641, in 1810, 24,520, in 1820, 147,178, in 1830, 341,582, in 1840, 685,866.

A canal has been projected in this state, to extend from the junction of Tippecanoe river with the Wabash, along the valleys of the Wabash and Maumee rivers to lake Erie; the whole length to be 130 miles. The height, from the summit to the lower level, will be 240 feet. The construction of this work is nearly completed.

The principal rivers are the Ohio, Wabash, White River, Whitewater, Tippecanoe, Illinois, Plein, Theakiki, St. Joseph's, and St. Mary's.

There are no mountains in Indiana; the country, however, is more hilly than the territory of Illinois, particularly towards Ohio river. A range of hills, called the Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the Wabash, in a south-west direction, which in many places produces a broken and uneven surface. North of these hills lie the flat woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bottom and prairie land; both together from three to six miles in width. Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the country is mostly champaign, abounding alternately with wood-lands, prairies, lakes, and swamps.

A range of hills runs parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami to Blue River, alternately approaching to within a few rods, and receding to the distance of two miles. Immediately below Blue River, the hills disappear, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, co vered with a heavy growth of timber. North of the Wabash, between Tippe canoe and Ouitanan, the banks of the streams are high, abrupt, and broken, and the land, except the prairies, is well timbered. Between the Plein and Theakiki, the country is flat, wet, and swampy, interspersed with prairies of

an inferior soil. The sources of rivers are generally in swamps or lakes, and the country around them is low, and too wet for cultivation.

There are two kinds of prairies, the river and the upland prairies; the former are bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to exhibit vestiges of former cultivation; the latter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and are far more numerous and extensive. Some of them are not larger than a common field, while others extend farther than the eye can reach. They are usu ally bounded by heavily timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned with copses of small trees. In spring and summer, they are covered with a luxuriant growth of grass and fragrant flowers, from 6 to 8 feet high. The soil of these plains is often as deep and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies bordering on the Wabash are particularly rich. Wells have been dug in them where the vegetable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was a stratum of fine white sand. The ordinary depth is from 2 to 5 feet.

The principal productions of this state are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork, butter, whiskey, and peach brandy.

The principal towns are New Albany, Madison, Indianapolis, Richmond, Vincennes, Corrydon, Jeffersonville, Vevay, Aurora, Terre Haute, Lafayette; many of which are large and flourishing places. See descriptions under their respective heads.

The climate is generally healthy and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. The Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it may be safely crossed on the ice.

In the southern part of Indiana there is a remarkable cave, which abounds in Epsom salts, and which is thus described by Mr. Adams.-" The hill in which it is situated is about 400 feet high from the base to the most elevated point, and the prospect to the south-east, in a clear day, is exceedingly fine, commanding an extensive view of the hills and valleys bordering on Big Blue River. The top of the hill is covered principally with oak and chestnut. The side to the south-east is mantled with cedar. The entrance is about mid-way from the base to the summit, and the surface of the cave preserves in general about that elevation; although I must acknowledge this to be conjectural, as no experiments have been made with a view to ascertain the fact. It is probably owing to this middle situation of the cave, that it is much drier than is common. "After entering the cave by an aperture 12 or 15 feet wide, and in height, in one place, 3 or 4 feet, you descend with easy and gradual steps into a large and spacious room, which continues about a quarter of a mile, varying in height from 8 to 30 feet, and in breadth from 10 to 20. In this distance the roof is in some places arched, in others a plane, and in one place it resembles the inside view of the roof of a house. At the distance above named, the cave forks, but the right hand fork soon terminates, while the left rises by a flight of rocky stairs, nearly 10 feet high, into another story, and pursues a course at this place nearly south-east. Here the roof commences a regular arch, the height of which from the floor varies from 5 to 8 feet, and the width of the cave from 6 to 12 feet, which continues to what is called the 'creeping-place,' from the circumstance of having to crawl 10 or 12 feet into the next large room. From this place to the pillar, a distance of about one mile and a quarter, the visitor finds an alternate succession of large and small rooms, variously decorated; sometimes travelling on a pavement, or climbing over huge piles of rocks, detached from the roof by some convulsion of nature. The aspect of this large and stately white column, as it heaves in sight from the dim reflection of the torches, is grand and impressive. Visitors have seldom pushed their inquiries further than 200 or 300 yards beyond this pillar. This column is about 15 feet in diameter, from 20 to 30 feet high, and regularly reeded from the top to the bottom."

A college has been established at Bloomington: it has a philoEducation. sophical and a chemical apparatus, and a foundation has been laid for a respectable library. One 36th part of the public lands has been appropriated for the support of schools. A college has also been established at South Hanover, and one at Crawfordsville.

Religious The Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 200 churches, denomina 150 ministers, and 8,513 communicants; the Methodists, 50 preachers, and 15,794 members; the Presbyterians, about 70 churches and

tions.

30 ministers.

History.

Vincennes was settled about the beginning of the last century by French emigrants from Canada, and long remained a solitary village. Few settlements were made in the country by citizens of the United States till the end of the century. In 1801, Indiana was erected into a territorial government, and, in 1816, into a state. It has been settled chiefly by emigrants from the eastern and middle states, and has had a rapid growth. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by tion and go- the people for a term of three years, and may be once re-elected. At vernment. every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in case of the death, resignation, or removal of the governor, the powers and duties of that office devolve.

Constitu

The legislative authority is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of representatives, elected annually. The number of representatives can never be less than 36, nor more than 100; and they are apportioned among the several counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of age. The number of senators, who are apportioned in like manner, cannot be less than one third nor more than one half of the number of representatives.

The representatives and one third of the members of the senate, are elected annually on the first Monday in August; and the governor is chosen on the same day, every third year. The general assembly meets annually (at Indianapolis) on the first Monday in December. The right of suffrage is granted to all male citizens of the age of 21 years or upwards, who may have resided in the state one year immediately preceding an election. The judiciary power is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and in such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists of three judges; and each of the circuit courts consists of a president and two associate judges. The judges are all appointed for the term of 7 years. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate; the presidents of the circuit courts, by the legislature; and the associate judges are elected by the people.

The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars.
This state sends 7 representatives to congress.

ILLINOIS.

LENGTH, 350 miles; breadth, 180: between 37° and 42° 30′ N. latitude, and 10° 20' and 14° 21′ W. longitude. It contains 50,000 square miles, and nearly 40,000,000 acres. Bounded on the north by the Wisconson Territory.East by lake Michigan, Indiana, and the river Wabash. South by the Ohio, which separates it from Kentucky; and west, in its whole extent, by the Mississippi, which separates it from Missouri, and the Iowa Territory.