Connecticut has considerable manufactures of various descriptions, consisting of wool, cotton, paper, iron in different forms, glass, snuff, powder, buttons, hats, clocks, &c. Tin-ware is extensively manufactured, and sent to all parts of the United States. In 1841 there were in the state 94 cotton manufactories, with a capital of $2,825,000, making annually 2,055,500 yards of cloth. There are, likewise, more than 40 woollen manufactories in this state. The total value of all kinds of manufactures in 1841 was estimated at about $1,600,000. There are in Connecticut 31 banks, including a bank for public deposits at Hartford. The amount of bank stock in 1841 was $8,800,000. The colleges in Connecticut are Yale College, at New Haven, Education. which has connected with it medical, theological, and law schools; Washington College, at Hartford; and Wesleyan College or University, recently founded at Middletown. At Hartford is the American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb; and there are other respectable literary seminaries and academies at New Haven, Hartford, and various other places. This state possesses an important School Fund, which was derived from the sale of lands, reserved by Connecticut, in the state of Ohio, and which amounted on the first of April, 1840, to $2,040,228 74. The income of this fund is appropriated to the support of primary schools. In the year ending March 31, 1841, the sum of $112,600 was divided among the different free schools throughout the state. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 16, in 1841, was 84,899; and the dividends amounted to $1 35 to each child. The number of periodical presses in 1841 was 35. Religions de- The Congregationalists have 236 ministers and 36 licentiates; the nominations. Baptists, 99 churches, 78 ministers, 14 licentiates, and 9,732 communicants; the Episcopalians, 59 ministers; the Methodists, 40 ministers, and 7,000 communicants; there are also several societies of Friends, several of Universalists, two of Unitarians, one of Catholics, one of Shakers and some Free-will Baptists, and a few Sandemanians. The territory of Connecticut originally comprised two colonies; the History. colony of Connecticut, and the colony of New Haven. ⚫ The settlement of Hartford, in the colony of Connecticut, was commenced by emigrants from Massachusetts, in 1635; and that of New Haven, in 1638, by emigrants from England. In 1662, a charter was granted by Charles II., with ample privileges, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven under one government; but the colony of New Haven refused, for some time, to accept the charter, and the union did not take place till 1665. The charter was suspended, in 1687, by Sir Edmund Andros; but it was restored again after the revolution of 1688 in England; and it formed the basis of the government till 1818. Constitution The charter granted in 1662 by Charles II., formed the basis of the and govern- government of Connecticut till 1818, when the present constitution ment. was framed. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of the house of representatives are chosen by the different towns in the state: the more ancient towns, the majority of the whole number, send each two representatives; the rest only one each. The present number is 208. The senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, who are chosen by districts. The present number is 21. The executive power is vested in a governor. A lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor devolve in case of his death, resignation, or absence. The representatives, senators, governor, and lieutenant-governor are all elected annually by the people on the first Monday in April. The general assembly has one stated session every year, on the first Wednesday in May, alternately at Hartford (1831) and at New Haven (1832). "Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have gained a settlement in this state, attained the age of 21 years, and resided in the town in which he may offer himself to be admitted to the privilege of an elector, at least six months preceding, and have a freehold estate of the yearly value of seven dollars, in this state; or having been enrolled in the militia, shall have performed military duty therein for the term of one year next preceding the time he shall offer himself for admission, or being liable thereto, shall have been, by authority of law, excused therefrom; or shall have paid a state tax within the year next preceding the time he shall present himself for such admission, and shall sustain a good moral character, shall, on his taking such an oath as may be prescribed by law, be an elector." The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the general assembly; and those of the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their offices during good behavior; but not beyond the age of 70 years. No person is compelled to join, or support, or to be classed with, or associated to any congregation, church, or religious association. But every person may be compelled to pay his proportion of the expenses of the society to which he may belong: he may, however, separate himself from the society by leaving a written notice of his wish with the clerk of such society. The governor's annual salary is 1100 dollars. This state sends six representatives to congress. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON CONNECTICUT. 1. How is Connecticut bounded? 2. What was the population in 1830 and 1810? 3. How many counties does it contain? 4. Which is the most populous city? 5. What is said of the Farmington Canal? 6. What is said of the face of the country?-Soil and productions? 7. How does Connecticut rank in point of a dense population? 8. What are its principal exports ?-What was the amount in 18391 9. Mention the principal articles manufactured. 10. How many cotton manufactories were there in 1841? 11. What was the amount of capital employed in them? 12. How many yards of cloth do they make annually? 13. How many banks are there in Connecticut? 14. Mention the principal literary institutions. 15. What was the amount of the school fund in 1840? 16. From what was the school fund derived? 17. Which denomination of Christians is the most numerous? 18. What can you say of the history of the state? 19. What formed the basis of the government of Connecticut till 1818? 20. When is the annual election for governor, senators, and representatives? 21. When and how often does the general assembly meet? 22. What is a necessary qualification for an elector? 23. What is the governor's salary? 24. How many representatives does Connecticut send to congress? I NEW YORK is the most northern of the middle states, and the most populous state in the Union. It is bounded N. by lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence and Lower Canada; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut; S. by the Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania; W. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and the Niagara. Between 30° 45′ and 45° N. latitude; and 2° 51' W. and 5° E. longitude from Washington. Length, 316 miles. Breadth, 304. taining 47,000 square miles. Population to a square mile, 50. Population at Different Periods. Lake Erie Tonnewanta Cr. 506 Middleport 506 Rochester 469 Pittsfield Steel's Cr. German Flats Canajoharie Schoharie 300 Flint Hill 24 Plattskill Aq. Wat Hoir Gap 586,060 1790 to 1800, 245,930 20,613. 1820, 1,372,812 1810 1830, 1,913,508 1820 1820, 413,763 10,088 1830, 540,696 46 The principal rivers are the Hudson, Mohawk, St. Lawrence, Delaware, Susquehannah, Tioga, Alleghany, Genesee, Oswego, Niagara, Tonne wanta, Black, Oswegatchie, St. Regis, Racket, Salmon, and Saranac. A part of the lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, belongs to New York. The other lakes in this state are, lakes George, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Oswegatchie, Canandaigua, Chatauque, Skeneateles, and several smaller ones. Statement of the Length, Receipts, and Expenditures of the Canals. The Erie Canal, which forms a communication between the Hudson and lake Erie, extending from Albany to Buffalo, is the most magnificent work of the kind in America, and is much longer than any canal in Europe. The Champlain Canal, which forms a communication between the Hudson and lake Champlain, is 63 miles long, and extends from Whitehall to Watervliet, where it unites with the Erie Canal. The Oswego Canal extends from Oswego to Salina, 38 miles, and unites lake Ontario with the Erie Canal. The Delaware and Hudson Canal, formed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, extends from the Hudson to the Delaware, 60 miles; thence up the Delaware, 22 miles; thence up the valley of the Lackawaxen to Honesdale, 24 miles; total length, 106 miles: average cost, about $15,000 a mile. Cayuga and Seneca Canal commences at Geneva,. and runs along the north end of Seneca lake to the outlet, thence down the outlet to Montezumawhole distance 22 miles. Chemung Canal extends from the head of Seneca lake to Elmira. It is supplied with water by a navigable feeder, taken from the Chemung river, 16 miles long, and making the whole length 37 miles. The surface of the eastern part of the state of New York, is greatly diversified; there are some level tracts; but the greater part is hilly, or mountainous. The Catskill mountains are the principal range in the state. There are numerous summits west of Lake |