any bay, harbor, or river, shall carry one white light forward, not less than 8 feet above the surface of the water.

Rafts propelled by hand power or by the current of the river, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near a channel or fairway, shall carry white lights, as follows:

Rafts of one crib and not more than two in length shall carry one white light. Rafts of three or more cribs in length and one crib in width shall carry one white light at each end of the raft.

Rafts of more than one crib abreast shall carry one white light on each outside corner of the raft, making four lights in all.

The white light required by these rules for rafts and other water craft shall be carried, from sunset to sunrise, in a lantern so fixed and constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light, visible all around the horizon, and of such intensity as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least one mile. The lights for rafts shall be suspended from poles of such height that the light shall not be less than 8 feet above the surface of the water.

Rowing boats under oars shall have ready at hand a lantern showing a white light which shall be temporarily exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

RULE RELATING TO THE USE OF SEARCHLIGHTS.

The Board of Supervising Inspectors, at their annual meeting of January, 1905, adopted the following rule relating to the use of searchlights:

Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall flash or cause to be flashed the rays of the searchlight into the pilot house of a passing vessel shall be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked.

RULE PROHIBITING UNNECESSARY SOUNDING OF THE STEAM

WHISTLE.

[Authority Act of Congress approved Feb. 8, 1907.]

The Board of Supervising Inspectors, at their annual meeting of January, 1907, adopted the following rule:

Unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle is prohibited within any harbor limits of the United States. Whenever any licensed officer in charge of any steamer authorizes or permits such unnecessary whistling, upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having jurisdiction, such officer shall be suspended from acting under his license as the inspectors trying the case may deem proper.

RULE PROHIBITING THE CARRYING OF UNAUTHORIZED LIGHTS ON STEAM VESSELS.

[Adopted by the Board of Supervising Inspectors on Feb. 16, 1910, and approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor on Mar. 9, 1910. Authority: Sec. 4450, Rev. Stats.]

Any master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall authorize or permit the carrying of any light, electric or otherwise, not required by law, on the outside structure of the cabin or hull of the vessel that in any way will interfere with distinguishing the signal lights shall, upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having jurisdiction, be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked,

DISTRESS SIGNALS RECOMMENDED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS.

ARTICLE 31. (Prescribed by International Marine Conference, 1889.)

IN THE DAYTIME.

1. A gun fired at intervals of about a minute.

2. The International Code signal of distress indicated by N. C. 3. The distant signal, consisting of a square flag, having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball.

4. Rockets or shells as prescribed below for use at night.

5. A continuous sounding with a steam whistle or any fog-signal apparatus.

AT NIGHT.

1. A gun fired at intervals of about a minute.

2. Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.).

3. Rockets or shells, bursting in the air with a loud report and throwing stars of any color or description, fired one at a time at short intervals.

4. A continuous sounding with a steam whistle or any fog-signal apparatus.

RULES GOVERNING THE OPERATION OF DRAWBRIDGES OVER NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES.

It is suggested that pilots of all steamers navigating waters which are spanned by drawbridges under jurisdiction of the War Department should provide themselves with the War Department rules governing the operation of these drawbridges, and observe the rules.

SECTIONS OF THE REVISED STATUTES OF THE UNITED STATES AND ACTS OF CONGRESS RELATING TO THE NAVIGATION OF VESSELS ON THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH AND RIVERS EMPTYING INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES.

Act of June 7, 1897, sec. 5

That sections forty-two hundred and thirty-three, and 1999 (36 forty-four hundred and twelve (with the regulations Stat., 103). made in pursuance thereof, except the rules and regulations for the government of pilots of steamers navigating the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries, and except the rules for the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal), and forty-four hundred and thirteen of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and chapter two hundred and two of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and sections one and three of chapter one hundred and two of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-five, and sections five, twelve, and thirteen of the Act approved March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, entitled "An act to amend the laws relating to navigation," and all amendments thereto, are hereby repealed so far as the harbors, rivers, and inland waters aforesaid (except the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as Montreal and the Red River of the North and rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, and their tributaries) are concerned. SEC. 4233. The following rules for preventing collisions on the water shall be followed in the navigation of vessels of the Navy and of the mercantile marine of the United States:

STEAM AND SAIL VESSELS.

RULE ONE.1 Every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam shall be considered a sail vessel; and every steam vessel which is under steam, whether under sail or not, shall be considered a steam vessel. The words steam vessel shall include any vessel propelled by machinery.

LIGHTS.2

RULE TWO. The lights mentioned in the following rules, and no others, shall be carried in all weathers, between sunset and sunrise.

B. S. 4238, acts of Mar. 3, 557), and Mar.

R. as amended by

1893 (27 Stat.,

3, 1897, secs. 5, 12, and 13 (29 Stat., 689, 690).

1 As amended by the act of Congress approved Mar. 3, 1905, effective on and after July 1, 1905.

2 Rules 3, 5, 6, and 7, under the head of Lights," were amended by act of Congress approved June 9, 1910, effective on and after July 9, 1910, in rules for lights required to be carried by every vessel propelled by machinery and not more than 65 feet in length, except tugboats and towboats propelled by steam. See p. 19.

RULE THREE. All ocean-going steamers, and steamers carrying sail, shall, when under way, carry

(A) At the foremast head, a bright white light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least five miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side.

(B) On the starboard side, a green light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft of the beam on the starboard side.

(C) On the port side, a red light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side.

The green and red lights shall be fitted with inboard screens, projecting at least three feet forward from the lights, so as to prevent them from being seen across the bow.

RULE FOUR. Steam-vessels, when towing other vessels, shall carry two bright white mast-head lights vertically, in addition to their side-lights, so as to distinguish them from other steam-vessels. Each of these mast-head lights shall be of the same character and construction as the mast-head lights prescribed by Rule three.1

RULE FIVE. All steam-vessels, other than ocean-going steamers and steamers carrying sail, shall, when under way, carry on the starboard and port sides lights of the same character and construction and in the same position as are prescribed for side-lights by Rule three, except in the case provided in Rule six.

RULE SIX. River-steamers navigating waters flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, and their tributaries, shall carry the following lights, namely: One red light on the outboard side of the port smoke-pipe, and one green light on the outboard side of the starboard smoke-pipe. Such lights shall show both forward and abeam on their respective sides.

1 Resolution adopted by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, Jan. 31, 1908, and approved by the Acting Secretary of Commerce on Aug. 20, 1908, recommending lights for towboats:

Resolved, That it is the sense of this board that where towboats navigating rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico find it necessary to use a signal light or lights on the stern of their boats, they are advised to use, uniformly, two red lights, one above the other, 3 feet apart, the upper light not to be less than 15 feet above the roof of the upper deck, on the afterpart of the stern of the steamer.

RULE SEVEN. All coasting steam-vessels, and steamvessels other than ferry-boats and vessels otherwise expressly provided for, navigating the bays, lakes, rivers, or other inland waters of the United States, except those mentioned in Rule six, shall carry the red and green lights, as prescribed for ocean-going steamers; and, in addition thereto, a central range of two white lights; the after-light being carried at an elevation of at least fifteen feet above the light at the head of the vessel. The headlight shall be so constructed as to show a good light through twenty points of the compass, namely: from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side of the vessel; and the after-light so as to show all around the horizon. The lights for ferry-boats, barges, and canal boats when in tow of steam vessels, shall be regulated by 1893 (27 Stat.. such rules as the Board of Supervising Inspectors of 557). Steam Vessels shall prescribe.

RULE EIGHT. Sail-vessels, under way or being towed, shall carry the same lights as steam-vessels under way, with the exception of the white mast-head lights, which they shall never carry.

RULE NINE. Whenever, as in case of small vessels during bad weather, the green and red lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their respective sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition, and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side. To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, they shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable

screens.

RULE TEN. All vessels, whether steam-vessels or sailvessels, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways, shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull, a white light in a globular lantern of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light, visible all around the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile.

RULE ELEVEN. Sailing pilot-vessels shall not carry the lights required for other sailing-vessels, but shall carry a white light at the mast-head, visible all around the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light every fifteen minutes.

Amended by act of Mar. 3,

act of Mar.

3,

Steam pilot boats shall, in addition to the masthead Amended by light and green and red side lights required for ocean 1897, sec. 5 (29 steam vessels, carry a red light hung vertically from three Stat., 689). to five feet above the foremast headlight, for the purpose of distinguishing such steam pilot boats from other steam-vessels.