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NOTES:-The Death-Warrant of Charles I.: another Historie Doubt, 21 - Folk Lore: Cuckoos changed into Eagles-Pins-Cures for the Hooping Cough - Popular Superstition: Churning-Irish Folk Lore, 24 - Comic Newspapers, 25-German Song, 26- - Everard, Bishop of Norwich, Ib.-Collins and his "Baronetage""La Belle Sauvage" "Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales" Primitive Divisions of Time-Realism of the Stage· The Death of Count Melun-"An Anci ent and Dangerous Custom of Churchwardens," 27. QUERIES:-"Aurelio and Isabell" - Arthur Brooke of Canterbury-Cat-Long and Short Forms in Churches -The Four White Kings-Jewish Era ment of Solomon"- Kinloss Barony-"The JudgSheridan Knowles, &c.-Leyland and Penwortham Churches - Archbishop Parker and Dean Hook - Maria del Occidente- M.P.s of Castle Rising - Samuel Sutton-The Battle of Waterloo -Ann Wood-Worms in Wood, 29. REPLIES: Apocryphal Genealogy, 31 Largo, 33-The Birth of Thomas Sackville, First Earl of - Lairg, Largs Dorset, 31-Kylosbern, Ib. - Sir Henry Raeburn - Dinners "à la Russe"-"Titus Andronicus": Ira Aldridge Irish Street Ballads-Cater-Cousins-" What I spent that I had," &c.- Barker and Burford's Panoramas Soho Square-Iolanthe-Japanese Marriage Ceremony Mr. Kett of Trinity, Oxford-"Fetch a Compass Robert Aytoun Napoleon's Scaffold at Waterloo "Roy's Wife of Aldivalloch"- William Hallet Shipbuilding - Eccentric Turning, &c., 35. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. Sir Iron THE DEATH-WARRANT OF CHARLES I.: ANOTHER HISTORIC DOUBT.* Let us now examine this Warrant carefully, and see how far it confirms or contradicts the official Record of the Proceedings connected with it : "At the high Co❜t of Justice for the tryinge and iudginge of Charles Steuart Kinge of England January XXIXth Anno Dm 1648. "Whereas Charles Steuart Kinge of England is and standeth convicted attaynted and condemned of High Treason and other high Crymes was And sentence uppon Saturday last pronounced against him by this Co't to be put to death by the severinge of his head from his body Of we sentence execut'on yet remayneth to be done These are therefore to will and require you to see the said sentence executed In the open Streete before Whitehall upon the morrow being the Thirtieth day of this instante Moneth of January between the hours of Tenn in the morninge and Five in the afternoone of the said day wth full effect And for so doing this shall be yo' sufficient warrant And these are to require All Officers and * Concluded from p. 4. the Warrant with the official record is, that while The first thing that strikes one on comparing meeting at which it purports to have been signed, only forty-eight Commissioners attended the it bears no less than fifty-nine signatures. the list of Commissioners (antè, p. 2), the names Nor is the number the only discrepancy. In of those Commissioners who signed the warrant cially reported to have been present are marked are printed in italics, and those who are offiby the letter W. By these means we learn that of the forty-eight present on the 29th, four, namely Allen, Anlaby, Lisle, and Love, did not sign; so that the Warrant is actually signed by fifteen who were not present on the 29th. Who those fifteen Commissioners were will be seen presently; but meanwhile I wish to point out other evidence which the Warrant affords that it was not signed on the 29th. This is furnished by the fact that the date of it, "xxixth "; the time when sentence was pronounced " 'uppon Saturday last"; and besides some other minor points, the names of the three officers to whom it was addressed, with the exception of the word "Huncks," are written over erasures, and in a different hand, from the rest of the document. Not only does the fact that these alterations, made no doubt on the 29th, being in a different hand, prove that the document was not entirely written on that day; but the additional fact that, and I say it advisedly, on the authority of practised writers, it would have taken as little, if not less time, to re-copy the whole Warrant, than to make the various erasures and insert the corrections, unquestionably points to the same conclusion. But re-copying would have entailed signing and sealing afresh on the part of the Commissioners, who had already executed it; and that was, perhaps, not to be accomplished. Men who possibly repented of what they had done might have hesitated to sign a second time; and, like two of those to whom the Warrant was originally directed (for there can be little doubt that the names of "Hacker" and "Phayre" take the place of those of two recalcitrant officials), declined the responsibility of so great an act. There is one other small piece of evidence strongly confirmatory of the fact that the Warrant was not entirely signed on the "29th," the day of its professed execution. The word "thirtieth" does not fill up the space originally left for the date, which seems to have been left sufficiently large to take in the words "twenty-sixth" or "seventh," as the case might be. But it may be asked, if not signed on Monday, the 29th, when was it signed? Certainly not on the 27th, Saturday; for as originally written, the Warrant directed that the execution should take place upon the morrow," and as the majority of the Commissioners doubtless shared the feeling of him whom Barnabee saw 66 "Hanging of his cat on Monday, For catching of a mouse on Sunday "they would scarcely have sanctioned a public execution on that day, even though the sufferer was a king. But we have probably a correct answer to the question-If not originally drawn up and signed on the 29th, when was it ?-in the confession of one of the regicides, Augustus Garland, he who, as the King was on the last day being removed from the Court, "spat in his face." Garland, on It is possible that the names which have been erased were Lieut.-Colonel Cobbet and Captain Merryman, to whom, in conjunction with Colonel Tomlinson, the custody of the King had been committed. his trial, said, "I do confess this; I sate and at the day of sentence signed the warrant." And this statement that the Warrant was signed on the day of sentence is confirmed by the fact that the fifteen Commissioners who were not present on the 29th, but whose signatures are to the Warrant, were all present when the Sentence was pronounced. They are marked S in the List, and are Alured, Carew, Th. Challoner, Clement, Corbet, Danvers, Downes, Fleetwood, Lilburne, Mauleverer, More, Norton, Stapley, Wayte, and Wogan. I do not contend that the whole fifteen signed on the Day of Sentence; for, as will be seen hereafter, Downes and Wayte were compelled to sign on the 29th. But on the "day of sentence " whatever that day was, and I am inclined to believe it was intended to sentence the King on the 26th and execute him on the 27th-opinions were probably divided, and the execution consequently postponed, until a larger number of signatures to the Warrant for it had been obtained. It is clear that all sorts of expedients were resorted to in order to secure a good show of signatures to the Warrant. The story of the manner in which Ingoldesby was compelled to affix his name, as told by Clarendon, though not strictly accurate has, no doubt, like all such stories, a certain modicum or substratum of truth in it. Ingoldesby's story is, that "The next day after the horrid sentence was pronounced he had an occasion to speak with an officer, who he was told was in the Painted Chamber, where, when he came there he saw Cromwell and the rest of those who had sat upon the King; and were then, as he found afterwards, assembled to sign the Warrant for the King's death. As soon as Cromwell's eyes were upon him he run to him, and, taking him by the hand, drew him by force to the table, and said though he had escaped him all the while before, he should sign that paper as well as they,' which he, seeing what it was, refused with great passion, saying, he knew nothing of the business,' and offered to go away. But Cromwell and others held him by violence; and Cromwell, with a loud laughter, taking his hand in his, and putting the pen between his fingers with his own hand, writ Richard Ingoldesby, he making all the resistance he could-and he said, If his name there were compared with what he had ever writ himself, it could never be looked upon as his own hand.'"-Clarendon (ed. 1826), vii. 490. Now, though one part of this story seems to be contradicted by the fact, that the RICH. INGOLDESBY subscribed to the Warrant is as bold and free as signature can be, and could never have been written by Ingoldes by with his hand forcibly guided by Cromwell-yet, as he certainly never took any part in the Trial of the King, and his name only appears as having been present on the morning of the 29th, when the Warrant was signed, it is scarcely probable that he signed save under compulsion." * Certain curious points of resemblance between some of the letters in the signatures of Cromwell and Ingoldesby |