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4. What is the area of a triangle whose sides are 48, 52, 20?

5. Given two sides of a triangle to be 18 and 24, and the included angle 45°, find the area.

6. Two of the sides of a triangle are as 2: 1, and the included angle is 60°, find the other angles.

7. In any triangle show that

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√a2

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8. Show that the area of a triangle = a2.

sin B sin C

sin A

9. An object is observed from two stations 100 yards apart, and the angles subtended by the distance between the object and either station are 45° and 60° respectively. Find the distance of the object from each station.

10. An observation is made from a point known to be distant 120 and 230 yards respectively from two trees, and the angle which the trees subtend is found to be 120°. Find the distance between the trees.

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12. If a, b, c be the sides of the triangle formed by joining the feet of the perpendiculars from the angles A, B, C of the triangle ABC upon the opposite sides, then—

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13. A perpendicular AD is drawn from the angle A of a triangle, meeting the opposite side BC and D; and from D a perpendicular is drawn to AC, meeting it in E. Show that DE b sin C cos C.

=

14. Show that the length of AD in the last examplebc sin A+ ac sin B + ab sin C

3 a

15. Show that √√s (s — a) (s

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b) (8 — c) = 1 ab, when the

triangle is right-angled at C.

16. Show that (a + b + c)3 sin A sin B

=

(sin A + sin B + sin C)2 ab.

17. Show that in any triangle

cos2 A+ cos2 B + cos2 C + 2 cos A cos B cos C = 1.

18. The sides of a triangle ABC are in arithmetical progres

b√3
2

sion; show that its area = √(2 a − b) (3 b – 2a).

CHAPTER VIII.

SOLUTION OF RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLES.

37. A triangle can always be determined when any three elements, with the exception of the three angles, are given. In the latter case we have only the same data as when two angles are given, for the third can always be found by subtracting the sum of the other two from two right angles (Euc. I., 32).

Hence a right-angled triangle can always be determined when any two elements, other than the two acute angles, are given besides the right angle. And when one of the acute angles is given, the other may be obtained by subtracting it from a right angle.

We have the following cases:

CASE 1. When the two sides containing the right angle are given.

A

We shall take C as the right angle

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... log c 10+ log a L sin A.....

Hence the three elements, A, B, c, are determined.

(3):

CASE 2. When the hypothenuse and a side are given.

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.. log b = } {log (c + a) + log (c − a)}...........(3).

CASE 3. When an acute angle and a side are given.
Let A, a be the given angle and side.

Then B = 90° A...........

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.(1),

tan B, or log b L tan B – 10 + log a...........(2),

=

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CASE 4. When the hypothenuse and an acute angle are given. Let A be the given acute angle.

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It is evident, from Art. 30, that when the angles only of a triangle are known, we can determine the ratio only of the three sides of the triangle to each other.

Ex. 1. Given A 23° 41', a =

=

This is an example of Case 3:

35, solve the triangle.

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3. Given α = Log. 2

=

=

151, A 37° 42,

=

find a.

=

9.6929750,
4.1901345.

2.1789769, L sin 37° 42/ 9.7864157,

=

4.9653899, tab. diff.

60, c = 65, find b, A.

=

3010300, log 3 = 4771213,

=

47.

Log 65 1.8129134, Lsin 67° 22! = 9.9651953,
Lsin 67° 23! 9.9652480.

=

4. Given a = 73, b = 84, find A, c.

=

Log 73 1.8633229, L tan 40° 59/9-9389079,
Log 84
1.9242793, Ltan 41° 9.9391631,

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: =

Lsin 40° 59 9.8167975, L sin 41° 9.8169429, Log 111·288 = 2.0464479.

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