DOROTHEA, DOROTHY.-Feb. 6, a virg. mart. of Cæsaria, in Cappadocia (about 308), Petr. de Natal., l. III, c. 101. DRITHELM.-Sept. 1, a Confessor.-Bed., Hist. Eccles., 1. V. c. 13. DROSTAN.-Dec. 14, a Scots abbot in 6th cent.-Brit. Sanct., p. II, p. 315. Dryght, Drygt.-Our Lord, from the Saxon driht: "I beleue in oure holy drygt, Fader of heuene, god almygt." Cott. MS., Claud. A. II, fo. 132. It is sometimes found denominating a year of the Christian era, as in Piers Plowman's vision, where it is said that, when no cart came with bread to Stratford, then began beggars to weep, and workmen were aghast "In date of our dryght, in a daye of Apriell, A thousand and thre hundred twyse twenty and ten." In the edition of 1550 it is printed bryght, but Warton has restored the true reading. DUBRICIUS.-Nov. 14, a bishop of Landaff in the 6th century.-Angl. Sacra. t. II, p. 614. Dum clamarem.-Introit and name of the 10th Sunday after Pentecost. Dum medium silentium.-Sunday in the octaves of the Nativity, and also Sunday after the Circumcision, when it falls on the eve of the Epiphany; the words are taken from Eccl. 18. In the kalendar of an. 838, quoted by Du Cange, the former is called "Dominica prima post Natale," which corresponds to the name given to it by the Greeks Κυριακη μετα την Χριστου yevŋow; that is, Sunday after the Nativity of Christ. DUNSTAN, archbp.-May 19: V. 426; T. 439; E 453; L. 465. He was archbp. of Canterbury, and died 988 (Chron. Sax.) on xiiij kal. Junii” (Flor. Wigorn.); " VII id. Septembris" (Petr. de Natal., 1. VIII, c. 49). This is an extraordinary error. St. Dunstan's Day is one of the festivals which were ordained by Canute to be kept throughout England ( Ll., c. 17). It appears, says Dr. Hickes, that our menology or kalendar (Tib., B. I) was written before 978, because it contains neither the festival of King Edward nor that of archbishop Dunstan (Thesaur., t. I, p. 221). See an account of him in Brit. Sancta, p. I, p. 293. Duodecim Infantili-Feb. 20, in memory of 12 babes, martyred in the Vandalic persecution.-Petr. de Natal., l. III, c. 221. Duo EWALDI.-Oct. 3: E. 458. The two Ewalds were Saxon priests and martyrs, about 690. They were brothers-" Ewaldi gemini” (Bed. Mart., Oper., t. I.) The Sax. Menol. (Julius, A. X, fo. 160), at this day, has― the Passion of the priests who were both of one name; one was the Black Heawold, and the other the White Heawold. Daɲa preorra þɲopung þa pæɲon bezen aner noman. oder pær re blaca peapold. oder se hpita peapolo The distinction was made from the colours of their hair.-Bed., Hist. Eccl., l. V, c. 2; Brit. Sanct., p. 2, p. 155. Duplex Maius.-Boniface VIII decreed that the feasts of the Apostles, the four evangelists, and the four doctors, Gregory, Augustine, Ambrose and Jerome, should be celebrated by all churches throughout the world, with the honor of a double festival. Gerebrard, in his Chronicle, gives it this name.-Hospin. de Fest. Christ., fo. 164. DUTHLAC.-March 8; bishop of Ross, 1249.-Brit. Sanct. p. I, p. 163. Dyemanche.-Sunday. "Et el dyemanche des oitieves de la resurrection" -[And on Sunday in the octaves of Easter.-Miracles de St. Louis, ch. 39. Dymain.-To-morrow; the morrow.-Stat. 7 Edw. II. DYMPNA.-May 15, an Irish virgin -Martyrol. Rom.; Brit. Sanct., p. I, p. 288. Dysday. This day. "Yo" fad' and myne was dysday sevenyth at Berkelys for a matyr of the pryor of Bromholme" (Paston Letters, 1443, v. III, p. 22). The letters p, or [th], and d, seem to have formerly been interchangeable; at all events, one is often used for the other, as unther for under, dyther and thyder for thither, &c. So, in the metrical legend of "Owayne Myles" "G'unte me p' I mote gone To saynt Patrykes p'gatorye anone; All go wyll y wyll do fayn. The bysshoppe sayd, Dyp' shalt þ" nougth; For mony a fole hath pyp' sowgth: To moche vpon hemself þey tryste : Why' þey wente no mon wyste." MS., Calig. A. II, fo. 90, col. 2. EADBERT.-May 6, bishop of Lindisfarne, successor of St. Cuthbert.-Bed., Hist. Eccl., 1. IV, c. 29, 30. EADBURGE.-June 15: V. 427; T. 440. Translation, July 18: V., T. She was daughter of Edward the Elder (Will. Malmesb. de Regib., l. II, c. 5, 13). There were also-2, an abbess, Dec. 12; in Brit. Sanct., Dec. 13 (par. II, p. 31)-and, 3, Edburge, or Idaburge, abbess, 695, June 20 and Dec. 21. EADGITHE.-Sept. 16: V. 430. Translation, Nov. 3: V. 432. Though the orthography in these two places be different, there can be no doubt of the person: according to Brit. Sanct., she was daughter of King Edgar, and died 984 (par. II, p. 133). Here she is called Edith. EADMUND, archbp.-Nov. 16: V. 432 (an interpolation, as also his Translation, June 9, 427): L. 471. See EDMUND. EADMUND, kg. mar.-Nov. 20: V. 430; T. 445; L. 471 (Br. Sa., p. II, p. 293). King of the East Angles, and slain by the Danes under Hingwar, in 870 (Chron. Sax.) His Passion is the subject of an alliterative homily by Elfric, in Cott. MS., Jul. E. VII, fo. 201. The date of his death, from Matt. Westmon., is mentioned in vol. I, p. 29, and the following is the entire passage: "Passus est autem beatissimus rex et martyr Eadmundus anno gratiæ DCCCLXX, anno ætatis suæ xxix, regni vero sui anno xvi, die xii kal. Decembris, feria secunda, indictione tertia, Luna existente vicesima secunda." EADWEARD, King & Mart.-March 18: V. 424; T. 437. He was mur dered, according to the Chron. Sax., in 978, on 15 kal. Apr., the day ap pointed to be observed by Canute, c. 17. First Translation, Feb. 18 ; second, June 20. See EDWARD. EAHLSWITH, Lady or Queen of the Angles.-Dec. 5: G. 419. Was this the queen of the great Alfred, who died in 905-Chron. Sax.? EALRED-Jan. 12; an abbot. EANSWIDE, Virg.-Aug. 31; daughter of Eadbald, the first Christian king among the Saxons. EARCONGOTA, Virg.-July 7.-Bed., Hist. Eccl., l. III, c. 6. Easter. This feast, by Greek and Latin writers called Pascha, whence the old English terms, Pace, Pasch, pask, pash, &c. is celebrated the first Sunday following the 14th of the moon after the vernal equinox, in memory of the Resurrection. Formerly the church denominated all solemn feasts Pascha. That of the Resurrection was the Great Pascha; and there were also the Pascha of the Pentecost, and the Pascha of the Nativity for Christmas Day. According to the decree of the Council of Nice, in 325, the feast of Easter should be celebrated the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon which comes after the vernal equinox, fixed for March 21, as it was at that time. The rule was observed from the council to 1582, though the true equinox was no longer March 21, and though, in consequence of the bissextile day, it was removed from 21 to 20, from 20 to 19, and from 19 to 18th March. Thus, in 1520, or thereabouts, the equinox had retrograded to the 11th March. In 1584, Tycho Brahe observed the vernal equinox at Ween on March 9, 21 h. 30 m. P. M.; in 1585, March 10, 3 h. 19 m.; and in 1586, March 10, 9 h. 8 m. (Strauch., b. III, c. 5, s. 18). This retrogression occasioned the necessity for the reformation of the kalendar, by the retrenchment of 10 days, in order to make March 21 agree with the true equinox. It is not that the equinox is always March 21, for it happens more frequently on the 20th, and even the 19th; but the church has not thought proper to attend scrupulously, in this respect, to the calculations of astronomers, any more than in regard to the new or full moon, in which it is governed by the epacts, which do not always mark the true lunations, and differ sometimes by one or two days before or after. On this subject, there was a contest among the learned in 1666, because in this year the sun entered Aries, and made the Spring at March 20, at 6 in the morning, and the moon in Libra was full the same afternoon-so that, March 21 being Sunday, it seemed that it ought to be the real day of Easter. However, this feast was not celebrated until April 25, because the equinox of March 20 was the true equinox, though it was not that determined by the Council of Nice, and fixed for March 21. See Equinoctium. In order to understand the chronology of ancient history before the birth of Christ, there is often occasion to know the Sundays and the moveable feasts, which depend on that of Easter. For example, Socrates (Hist. Eccles., 1. I) asserts that Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, died May 22, and Eusebius says that it was the day of Pentecost, or Whitsunday, but he does not state the year; we must, therefore, learn in what year Whitsunday fell on May 22. St. Audoenus, or Quen, says that he was consecrated bishop with St. Eligius, or Eloi, the third year of Clovis II, on Sunday before the Rogations, May 10. To know the year, it is necessary to know that, in which the Sunday before the Rogations was May 14. His torians relate that Otho I, emperor of the Romans, died May 7, Wednesday before Pentecost, but the year is not stated (Moreri, t. VII P p. 71). Another example may be taken from the Saxon Chronicles, of which one MS. says that Hardicanute died in 1041, and that the people chose Edward to be their king before he was buried; another says that he died June 8, 1042; and a third copy, under the year 1042, says that Edward was crowned on Easter Day, which fell on "111 non. Aprilis," i. e. April 3. If we wish to verify these dates, we must ascertain the Easter Days, and we shall find that the first year, according to the present mode of computation, should be 1042, and that, as April 3 was not Easter Day in that year, but fell on that day in 1043, we must understand the fact, as stated by these MSS., to be, that Edward was elected king in June, 1042, but was not crowned until April, 1043. Others say that Hardicanute died in 1040, which, if Edward were crowned in April 3, would give a longer interval of time between his election and coronation than accords with probability. The Easter Days, Dominical Letters, and Golden Numbers of these years are, according to the different tables given in this work, as follow In accordance with the Council of Nice, which established the Sunday after the 14th day of the Paschal moon should be Easter, the ancients had several rules for finding that day and moon, which is the first full moon after the equinox: "At vero postquam dies superare noctem, adveniente XIV luna agitur terminus (Paschalis) et subsequenti die dominico statim solemnitas Paschæ celebratur. In ipso termino omni tempore invenitur luna decimaquarta" (Bed. de Certis Terminis, Oper., t. I, p. 201). Hence the following ancient rule, in the computus of the kalendar T, 435: On martius ofer .XII. kl. find .XIIII. nihta ealdne monan. on bone sunnan dag oper þær he spa eald bið. þ bið easter dæz—[In March, find the moon of 14 nights old, after the 12th kalends-on the Sunday after that he is so old, that is Easter Day-fol. 54 b.] For instance; in 1041, the new moons are known by the Golden Number XVI, and the Sundays by the Letter D the Number XVI stands at March 8, from which count 14 days, and where D is, that is, immediately after the 14th, is the Easter Day of that year. Elsewhere, in the same Computus, is the rule for the Paschal term— "De Pasche; Post .XII. kl. Aprilis ubi lunam .XIIII. inueneris ibi fac terminum paschae" (fo. 13). Another old rule is found in the Portiforium Sarisburiense, 1528: "Post Regum festa, quere novilunia trina: In other words, count the Golden Number of the given year three times from the Epiphany in the kalendar, and the third Sunday from the last place of the number is Easter Day. Another, more simple, is " Post Martias no nas, &c." Find the Golden Number after March 7, and take the third Sunday after it for Easter. By the following table, Easter may be readily found for any Julian year of the Christian era, or the years previous to the reformation of the kalendar by Gregory XIII, in 1582, which was not received in England before 1752, after which the tables in the Common Prayer Book may be consulted. See Kalendar, Gregorian, for other Protestant countries. TO FIND EASTER FOR EVER. II Mar. 26 Mar. 27 | Mar. 28 Mar. 29 Mar. 30 Mar. 31 Apr. 1 V Mar. 26 Mar. 27 Mar. 28 Mar. 29 Mar. 23 Mar. 24 Mar. 25 XIII Mar. 26 Mar. 27 Mar. 28 Mar. 29 Mar. 30 Mar. 31 Mar. 25 XVI Mar.26 Mar. 27 Mar. 28 Mar. 22 Mar. 23 Mar. 24 Mar. 25 Apr. 11 Apr. 12 | Apr. 13 Apr. 14 Apr. 15 "When ye have found the Sunday letter in the uppermost range, guide your eye downward from the same, till ye come right over against the Prime, and there is shewn both what month, and what day of the month, Easter falleth" (L'Estrange, Alliance of Div. Offices, p. 41; Fo. 1659, |