Magnus Hanson testified on May 24, 1907, that in front of his own home he saw three men, one of whom wore an iron-molders' union button; after passing, he was struck in the back of the neck, knocked down, then struck twice in the back, called for help; some people came out of the house and assailants escaped. (Superior court, Chicago, Ill.)

Ivor Knudson testified that on May 21, 1907, on leaving the foundry he saw three men, who accosted him, one of them striking him over the right temple, knocking him down and kicking him in the right side. He was taken to a physician for treatment; right eye found badly discolored and cut. (Superior court, Chicago, Ill.)

Alfred Fox testified that on May 21, 1907, he accompanied Ivor Knudson to the physician who treated his injuries. The physician stated that a hard instrument must have been used to cause Knudson's injuries, as there was a fracture of the smaller bone back of the cavity of the eye. (Superior court, Chicago, Ill.).

William Rohrar testified that on January 15, 1908, on going to his home from work he was assaulted in front of his house by a man who came from behind and struck him a violent blow in the mouth with his closed fist, which was covered with brass knuckles or a hard instrument, knocking three of his teeth loose and dazing him. Immediately afterwards another man, running up behind, struck him with his fist in the right eye. It was five days before afliant was able to return to work. (Superior court, Chicago, Ill.).

Paul Paschki testified that on February 11, 1908, he was assaulted by two men unknown to him, one of whom struck him a heavy blow in the right side of the face and the other man stepped to the left of him and struck him several blows on his head, nose, and in the eyes, cutting a large gash on his nose. Both eyes badly bruised, and affiant avers brass knuckles were used. (Superior court, Chicago, Ill.)

BUFFALO, N. Y.

The quiet of the industrial situation at Buffalo, N. Y., was disturbed by the union of iron molders in May, 1906, simultaneously with that in other prominent foundry centers heretofore mentioned. In addition to the coercion and intimidation of the alleged peaceful picket in the person of the striking iron molder, this strike was emphasized by the perpetration of a murder and the establishment of an extensive boycott. The methods of the union are presented in the abstracted affidavits of independent workmen herewith

P. H. Somers testified that on September 12, 1906, on going to work in the foundry, he met one Lauber, a member of the iron molders' union, who accosted him and asked him: "Where are you going?" Affiant was then grabbed by the arms and struck four of five blows. In fear affiant then gave up his job. For this assault Lauber was arrested and fined. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Joseph W. Fisher testified that on September 13, 1906, he was followed to the street car by one Reindfliesch and other strikers, who called out: "There are the scabs." Reindfliesch then raised his right hand, holding an open knife, striking affiant's brother, cutting him on the thumb. Afliant was also cut on the lip. Affiant and his brother were then set upon and pounded by the strikers. The main assaulter in this case was arrested and tried before a magistrate and put upon probation without fine or punishment. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Martin Hamer testified that on October 11, 1906, as he entered the door of his boarding place he was assaulted by four strikers, iron molders, who ran up the steps and one of them struck him a blow on the head, knocking him down. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Caroline Campbell testified that on October 11, 1906, Lehman and Rowan, striking iron molders, came to her house at night, entered and said: "I hear that you are harboring nonunion men. I want to warn you, lady; I don't want to make you trouble, but you have got to get rid of those men." This was accompanied by vile and profane language. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

James Manock testified that on October 3, 1906, on going to his home at night he was stopped by two strikers, one of whom said, "When are you going to get out of town? If you don't we'll fix you so you won't come back.” (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

George Brandel testified that on September 27, 1906, striking iron molders picket stopped him and pushed him to one side and said, “Go on about your business; we will give you your trimmings to-night." Afliant further testified that pickets stopped him nearly every night as he went home from work, questioned him and put him in fear. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Frank Tix testified that on October 5, 1906, on coming to work in the foundry, one Lehman called to him, "Come here, Frank; I heard you were molding; if you don't

stop molding we will make you stop; I told some molders down in Pollock Town and you had better look out; we will watch at the corners and lick you." (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Paul Miller testified that on October 5, 1906, one Lehman, a striking molder, stopped him and told him in a threatening manner that he must stop molding for the company. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Robert Kane testified that on September 19, 1906, on going home with a fellow nonunion workman, among whom was one Trader, they were followed by four striking iron molder pickets, among whom were Rowan, Lehman, and Wahl, who followed right behind them, calling out, "There goes four scab molders.". On September 28, 1906, affiant was accosted by Rowan, who said, "When are you going to quit? If you fellows don't promise to get through to-night we will put you out of business so that you won't be able to work; I'll lick both of you yet.' Wahl said to affiant, "Come up to the council hall to-night and take out a card; if you don't we will put you on the bum." Affiant was in fear of being shot or killed. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

Clarence A. Trader testified that on October 2, 1906, on going home from work in the foundry, one Rowan, a member of the iron molders' union, and a picket at the Buffalo Foundry Co. plant, stopped him and asked, "When are you going to leave town? Suppose we make you go; we'll give you your trimmings; you know where Joe Crosson is; we'll put you where he is if you don't leave town before Saturday night.” Affiant avers that by saying, "We will put you where Joe Crosson is," said Rowan meant that he would be killed. By reason thereof affiant was in fear of going to and from work. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.),

(NOTE.-The Crosson referred to in the foregoing affidavit was a nonunion iron molder who was killed during the first few days of the strike.)

William Seigert testified that on September 28, 1906, he was stopped by one Rowan and others of the striking molders. Rowan put his arms around affiant and said, “If you don't quit work before Saturday night, I'll fix you so that you won't be able to work. You'll have to fight. I am going to trim you to-night. You won't get out of this field unless you leave that shop." Rowan thereupon tried to force afliant to fight. A policeman pulled Rowan away. Affiant further avers that every night as he went home he was accosted by strikers and called scab." (Supreme court, Erie

County, N. Y.)

Ralph Di Pirro testified that on October 8, 1906, on going back to work in the foundry an iron molder picket stopped him in front of his house and said, "I hear that you are molding. You have got to cut that out. There will be trouble for you if you don't cut that out. When the Milwaukee matter is settled and we go back to work, you will have to get out if you don't stop working now." Affiant thereupon did stop molding and was afraid to continue to work. (Supreme court, Erie County, N. Y.)

KANSAS CITY, KANS.

Assaults upon defenseless women and the families of nonunion workmen were among the atrocities committed by striking iron molders in Kansas City during the course of the strike called in May, 1906, as a part of the generally widespread attempt of the molders' union to force recognition. Extracts from affidavits made by nonmembers of this union employed in the foundries in Kansas City at the time will afford an idea of the extent to which this lawlessness was carried.

R. B. Sheridan testified that on September 3, 1906, he was met by a crowd of 15 men. the majority striking molders, who stopped him and called him "scab" and made insulting remarks. As he boarded a street car they assaulted him, knocked him senseless, and inflicted severe and permanent injuries. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

P. T. Kinman, special policeman, testified that he heard members of the iron molders' union threaten to do different employees of the company bodily injury; that all the employees of the company were in constant danger of assault by members of the union. * (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

John Ryan testified, on September 20, 1906, striking iron molders tried to induce him to quit work and offered to pay his railroad fare to Chicago and pay him a sum of money. October 7, 1906, two men on behalf of the union offered to pay the railroad fare of himself, wife, and son to Chicago and $50 if he would quit the employ of the company. On October 9, 1906, affiant, his wife, and son were assaulted by members of the union because he refused to quit work for the company. His wife was knocked down, his son was struck in the side, and affiant himself was struck on his head, and all were severely injured. That members of the molders' union were constantly about the plant of the company, followed the employees, cursed them, and applied

vile, vulgar, and insulting epithets to all of the employees, seeking to intimidate them. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

Jacob Barney, foreman, testified that on November 2, 1906, on leaving the foundry he was met by a crowd of striking molders, who abused, called "scab," and insulting epithets were applied to him. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.) W. H. Pickford testified that members of the union threatened, insulted, and intimidated him when he refused to quit work. Affiant and one Mrs. Ryan were accosted by strikers. Affiant was assaulted and injured by one of the strikers. They were called "scab" and vulgar and profane names. That one member of the molders' union was fined for striking Mrs. Ryan. This same striker threatened affiant, saying: "I will get your head yet." (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.) Robert Cochrane testified that about June 1, 1906, members of the iron molders' union called at his home and told his wife to tell him to quit working for the company; if he did not, he would be in peril of injury from the strikers. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

Charles Adams testified that a member of the molders' union drew a knife and threatened him. On another occasion a member of the molders' union threw a brick at him; that these assaults were made on him because he refused to quit work for the foundry company. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

W. H. Dean testified that on November 2, 1906, a number of the members of the molders' union then on strike met him on his way from work and used vile and insulting language toward him. One of the crowd proposed to throw him down and break his arms so that he would be unable to work, and then assaulted him, pursued and threw rocks at him until he met a policeman. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

George Bartling testified that he knew of the molders' pickets having firearms on their persons; that members of the molders' union threatened to do him bodily injury; that they called at his home and threatened his wife that if he continued to work for the company "they would get him if it took 50 years." That on November 3, 1906, at 3.30 a. m., a rock was thrown through the window of his sleeping room in his home. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

John M. Busby testified that on October 10, 1906, on leaving work in the foundry, was followed by a mob of strikers, surrounded and forcibly stopped, insulted, and called "scab" and other vile, obscene, vulgar, and profane names. This crowd got on the car with him, crowded about and threatened to kill him. He was struck in the back of the neck and severely injured. On October 20, 1906, he was pursued from the foundry gate by a crowd of men, among whom was one striker whom he recognized, and cursed, threatened, and struck with a brick and again severely injured. Affiant believes he would have been killed by this mob had not a policeman met him; that by reason of these assaults he was forced to give up his employment. (United States circuit court, Kansas.)

J. E. Atterburn testified on November 10, 1906, that members of the iron molders' union insulted the employees of the foundry company, applied to them vulgar, obscene, and profane language, such language being too vile and indecent to be placed in an affidavit. Afliant further avers that more than 12 times in three months he was met by mobs composed of members of the iron molders' union and sympathizers, who forcibly stopped and surrounded him, pulled his coat, rubbed their hands over his face, and used the most vile and insulting language, daring him to "just lift a hand or make a move" to give the mob an excuse or an opportunity of assaulting him. (United States circuit court, Kansas.)

A. M. Stivers testified on November 10, 1906, that members of the iron molders' union constantly followed the employees of the foundry company, threatening them with personal violence, insulting them, and applying to them all kinds of vulgar and profane epithets; that mobs composed of members of the iron molders' union and their sympathizers have many times surrounded the employees of the company, compelling them to stop, and applied abuse and threats of all kinds. (United States circuit court, Kansas.)

Henry Snyder testified on November 10, 1996, that members of the iron molders' union congregated in mobs and constantly threatened to do personal violence and insulted and applied to him vile, obscene, and profane epithets and stopped employees of the foundry company on their way to work, surrounding them and forcibly preventing them from going to and from their work. Affiant further avers that on many occasions he has been stopped and forcibly detained, insulted, and subjected to all manner of insults and indecent language applied by members of the iron molders' union. (United States circuit court, Kansas.)

John Howley, Henry Clawson, Ed. Brown, and W. O. Meyers, fellow employees of Henry Snyder, who makes the foregoing affidavit, verified its accuracy under oath by corroborating the statements therein contained.

Forest Bryan testified that on occasions between June 6 and June 30, 1936, members of the iron molders' union cursed him, calling him scab, and other vile and unprintable names, and would hurl such epithets at him in the presence of women. On June 15, 1906, on leaving the foundry members of the iron molders' union attacked him and a fellow employee, knocking his fellow employee down; stones were thrown at affiant and they endeavoring to catch and beat him and at the same time a shot was fired. Finally affiant was compelled to fight his way out. Affiant further avers that striking molders constantly intercepted employees, threatening them with acts of violence and saying that they intended to keep up such acts until the nonunion employees would quit work. Stones were thrown at the street car in which affiant was riding, breaking the front window. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.).

Lee Prine testified that subsequent to May 22, 1906, he was compelled to remain day and night in the foundry where he was working on account of the actions, threats, and intimidations of the members of the iron molders' union then on strike; that while sleeping in the plant, and on other occasions members of the iron molders' union threw rocks at the building, and would stand upon the viaduct in front of the plant and call him "scab" and other vile names and threaten to do him bodily violence unless he would quit work, saying they would "get him" if they had to take a double-barreled shotgun; that during May and June he was repeatedly followed and was compelled to seek places of safety to prevent members of this union from doing him bodily harm. (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

William Level testified that during May and June, 1906, on account of the strike of the iron molders' union the company for which he was working was compelled to keep most of its employees housed in the plant, day and night, because the strikers threatened bodily violence to all of the employees as they went to and returned from work; the company was also compelled to have special policemen on duty day and night. Affiant further avers that 11 members of this union whom he recognized, located themselves on the viaduct in front of the plant and called affiant and other employees "scab" and other names too vulgar to place in an affidavit; that while housed in the plant these same men threw stones at the building and on one occasion threw stones at the street car, breaking some of the windows; that in the latter part of June four or five of the strikers stopped him, and one of them said: "You will get your brains knocked out; you have got no business in this fight; why don't you sit down and have nothing to do with it?" (United States Circuit Court, Fourth District Kansas.)

ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS.

Abstracts of affidavits and statements of proprietors of struck foundries, made during the strike at St. Paul and Minneapolis, Irish abundant evidence of the universal and long-continued training of members of the iron molders' union in the manner of fighting strikes by means of threats, creating fear in the heart of the independent workman, and the resort to belligerent methods in the unlawtul accomplishment of their purposes. The foundry proprietors in these two cities were among those selected by the iron molders for attack in consonance with the general scheme of campaign for the furtherance of the closed shop foundry throughout the United States.

Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Co., Minneapolis, statement: Union molders struck this foundry in April, 1905, and immediately posted their pickets. On April 12 one of the new nonunion molders employed in the foundry was so seriously injured that he was unable to return to work for several days. April 14 three others were badly injured by union pickets; after this it became impossible to get men to enter the foundry on account of fear of union pickets, and a boarding house for nonunion molders was installed within the plant. Picketing was continued throughout the entire summer, and at all times the nonunion men were subject to the jeers and insulting language of the union pickets.

Diamond Iron Works, Minneapolis, statement: Union molders struck this factory in May, 1906; due to the slugging and intimidation of striking molders on the outside, this firm was obliged to employ special guards to protect nonunion workmen going to and from the works during a period of over five months. Men who left the works without guards were in every case assaulted or insulted in various ways, and in a number of instances the strikers went to the homes and intimidated the wives and families of the independent workmen. For a period of three months this firm was compelled to board its nonunion foundry employees within its plant. Emissaries of the molders' union even went so far as to threaten with violence the merchants who furnished supplies to the nonunion men.

Flour City Ornamental Iron Works, Minneapolis, statement: Union molders struck this foundry in May, 1906. To protect the independent molders employed by this firm from the annoyance and intimidation of the striking molders, it was compelled

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to rent and establish boarding houses for their maintenance. Independent molders of this company were several times brutally attacked on the street and in the street cars when going to and froin work.

Kilgore-Petler Co., Minneapolis, statement: Union iron melders struck this foundry during May, 1906. Difficulties and losscs encountered as a result of the strike were a very serious matter for the firm. Prior to the strike a number of the officers of the molders' union were employed in this plant; as a result this foundry was made a center of attack by the strikers. Independent foundry employees engaged to take the places of strikers were required to be housed within the plant and special guards employed to protect them. Several employees who attempted to go home from or return to work in the plant were beaten. Molders who had been sent for at distant points at considerable expense were intercepted and threatened until they refused to go to work. Families of nonunion workmen of this firm were threatened at various times. This property was picketed for many months.

Charles Paul, an iron molder who refused to go on strike from the foundry of the Kilgore-Petler Co., Minneapolis, testified that he was the only man employed in said foundry who remained and worked for the company in the foundry during the period of the strike. He attended the cupola, went back and forth to his home each day; and was continuously threatened with violence each day by the striking molders. Special policemen frequently accompanied him home from work and he was careful not to give the strikers a chance to injure him; other men working with him were severely pounded. Strikers went to his home a number of times, offered to get him other work, and threatened if he did not quit working in the foundry they would "fix him.' Affiant's brother, one of the striking molders, did all he could to get affiant to strike. (Notary public, Hennepin County, Minn.)

Standard Foundry & Machine Shop, Minneapolis, statement: Union iron molders struck this foundry during May, 1906. Due to the intimidation, violence, and slugging of the striking molders on the outside, who attacked the nonunion iron molders of this company whenever they left the foundry, this firm was compelled to employ guards to protect them in going to and from the foundry for a period of five months. Crown Iron Works Co., Minneapolis, statement: An iron molders' strike was inaugurated in this plant in May, 1906. Due to the picketing of this plant, intimidation, violence, and slugging by the striking iron molders on the outside who attacked the nonunion molders employed by the firm whenever they left the foundry fur their homes, the company was compelled to employ guards to protec the employees. For a period of five or six months the firm was seriously handicapped in operating its foundry.

American Hoist & Derrick Co., St. Paul, statement: Union molders struck this foundry during May, 1906, taking out with them six apprentices who were at work under signed agreements with their parents to learn the trade. These apprentices were not members of the union. Four probationary apprentices were also induced to strike as well as molding machine operators who were not members of the union. As the independent molders secured by the firm to take the places of the strikers were leaving the foundry on the evening of the second day great excitement prevailed about the plant and large crowds had congregated in the street. Five employees were conducted through the crowd of strikers by the manager of the firm and placed upon a street car, and told by him to be sure and leave the car near their boarding houses in a place where other people were also on the street. As the car was crossing a bridge, two men followed on bicyles; others ran along on the sidewalk, 12 of them finally getting aboard the car. One nonunion molder, as he stepped from the car, was struck on the side of the head and a free fight ensued. The firm then fitted up a boarding house inside the plant, providing cots and eating arrangements for the nonunion molders, after which practically all the foundry workmen boarded inside the plant and special policemen were employed who patrolled the foundry night and day. Striking molders who quit the union and returned to work in this foundry were hunted until it was unsafe for them to leave the plant. Two of them were occasionally taken to their homes on Sundays by the manager of the plant that they might have opportunity to visit with their family. Affidavits showing the surrounding of the houses of nonunion workmen by mobs of strikers and their sympathizers, as well as affidavits indicating the intimidating and terrifying by strikers of the families of nonunion molders, have already been furnished and are shown herewith. Patterns for castings were sent to foundries in other cities early in the strike. The strikers sent a committee to two foundries at Mankato, Minn., and told the proprietors of these two shops a strike would be inaugurated immediately if they continued work on the castings. Both foundries canceled their orders, and the patterns were returned. The same tactics were resorted to in Keokuk, Iowa. At Winona, Minn., castings were ordered from the Phoenix Iron Works. Striking iron molders went to this foundry and endeavored to stop the work. Two union iron molders were induced to strike;