stock, and manufactures, at Moncton, which was open to all the maritime provinces of Canada,

and was a success. Railways. The most important railway event in 1889 was the opening of the "Short Line," so called. This is the extension eastward from Montreal of the Canadian Pacific, and is provided by a line known as the International, crossing the State of Maine, and built under a subsidy from the Canadian Government. The International Railroad is operated by the Canadian Pacific, which has running rights over the Maine Central, the New Brunswick, and the Intercolonial railways, whereby it is able to maintain a through-train service from Montreal to Halifax, passing through St. John, thus completing its line from the Pacific to the Atlantic. As the port of St. John is open all the year round, and the nearest in Canada to Montreal accessible in winter, the citizens expect material commercial advantages from the reduced distance in railway transportation from the interior. The distance from Montreal to St. John by the new line is 434 miles.

The Temisquata and Rivière du Loup Railroad, from Edmundston, on the New Brunswick Railroad to Rivière du Loup on the Intercolonial, 80 miles long, was opened for regular traffic, during the year. It gives the shortest route between the maritime and interior provinces of Canada on Canadian soil. The Central Railroad of New Brunswick, from Norton on the Intercolonial Railroad, 40 miles long, was opened for traffic during the year. Work was begun on the Tobique Valley, 28 miles long, and on the St. Francis, 36 miles long. The Shore Line, formerly the Grand Southern Railroad, was sold under mortgage and bought by Russell Sage, of New York. This road is between St. John and St. Stephen, and is 80 miles long. Work was also begun on a line from Fredericton to Woodstock, 63 miles. A survey for a line between Edmundston and Moncton, passing through the center of the province, and designed to give the Grand Trunk Railroad an eastern Canadian winter outlet, was made. A company associated with the Northern Pacific Railroad was incorporated to construct a railway across the northern part of the province.

Long-distance telephones were introduced and a line erected between St. John and Fredericton, 85 miles; St. John and Moncton, 87 miles; and Moncton and Sackville, 40 miles.

Trade. The export and import trade of the province, exclusive of its trade with the other provinces of Canada, in the year ending June 30, 1889, was $13,277,935, divided as follows:

Imports, $6,577,037; exports, $6,700,898. The province dealt more largely with the United States than with any other country, the amount of its trade with that nation being: Imports from the United States, $3,266,498; exports to the United States, $3,380,958; total, $6,647,457. With Great Britain the trade was: Imports from Great Britain, $2,420,885; exports to Great Britain, $3,044,608; total, $5,465,493.

Education. The general features of the New Brunswick school system were described in the "Annual Cyclopædia" for 1883. A few important changes have been made since that date. The ranking system, under which teachers were

partly paid according to results, has been abolished, a system of superior schools established, and the county grammar schools reorganized. The efficiency of the service has been increased by making training on the part of every teacher obligatory before a license is granted. The subject of scientific temperance has been prescribed as a part of the regular school course, and important changes have been made as respects the subjects of industrial drawing and natural science.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, a New England State, one of the original thirteen, ratified the Constitution, June 21, 1788; area, 9,305 square miles; population, according to the last decennial census (1880), 346,991; capital, Concord.

Government.-The following were the State officers during the year: Governor, Charles Henry Sawyer, Republican, succeeded by David H. Goodell, Republican; Secretary of State, Ai B. Thompson; Treasurer, Solon A. Carter; Attorney-General, Daniel Barnard ; Superintendent of Public Instruction, James W. Patterson; Insurance Commissioner, Henry H. Huse; Railroad Commissioners, Henry M. Putney, Benjamin F. Prescott, J. M. Mitchell: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Charles Doe; Associate Justices, Isaac W. Smith, William H. H. Allen, Lewis W. Clark, Isaac N. Blodgett, Alonzo P. Carpenter, and George A. Bingham.

Finances.-The treasury statement for the year ending June 1 is: Cash on hand, June 1, 1888, $100,755.92; receipts for the year ensuing, $1,317,295.97: disbursements, $1,104,208.21; cash on hand, June 1, 1889, $313,843.68. The receipts chargeable to revenue for the year were $628,993.08, of which $500,000 was derived from the State tax levy assessed upon the towns, $107,353.38 from the railroad tax, and $8,513.71 from the insurance tax. The disbursements from the revenue account were $402,648.68, showing an excess of revenue amounting to $226,344.40. The sum of $539,029.34 was derived from the State tax levied upon savings banks, of which $488,969.48 was paid to the towns and $50,059 to the State Literary fund. The proceeds of this fund are also distributed to the towns, to be expended for education only. The total railroad tax received was $240,576.96, of which $107,353.38 went to the State revenue account and $133,223.58 was distributed to the towns.

During the fiscal year there were paid State debt bonds amounting to $14,000, reducing the funded debt on June 1 to $2,784,600. On July 1 and Sept. 1 bonds to the amount of $250,000 fell due and were paid, leaving the debt on Dec. 31 $2,534,600. The total liabilities of the State on June 1 amounted to $2,953,550.23, deducting from which the cash treasury balance on that date, leaves $2,632,316.17. This is a decrease of $226,344.40 from the actual indebtedness of one year previous. The amount of property assessed in the towns in 1888 for local taxation and to raise the State tax of $500,000 was $183,269,980.70, of which $119,688,450 was the valuation of lands and buildings and $14,169,046 of mills and machinery. The average rate of local taxation in all the towns was $1.64 on each $100. The average rate for 1889 was $1.48. This average rate is the rate that the State each year assesses on railroad, telegraph, and telephone

property for the State tax upon such property. The State tax on savings-bank deposits is uniformly $1 on each $100.

Constitutional Convention and Prohibitory Amendment.-The Constitutional Convention, for which members were elected in November, 1888, met at Concord on Jan. 2, and organized by the choice of ex-Gov. Charles H. Bell as president. Its deliberations resulted in the adoption of seven proposed amendments to the Constitution, to be submitted to a popular vote on March 12. The first of these amendments changes various articles so that the Legislature shall meet on the first Wednesday in January, instead of the first Wednesday in June, and so that the terms of legislative and executive officers shall begin in January instead of June. The second amendment strikes out Article XV of the Constitution, which provides that the salary of members of the Legislature shall be fixed by law, and substitutes therefor an article fixing the compensation for each regular session at $200, without mileage, for each member, the presiding officers receiving an additional $50. For each special session the officers and members shall receive $3 a day, with mileage, for not over fifteen days. The third amendment takes the power of filling vacancies in the State Senate from the joint convention of both Houses, and relegates it to the people, the Governor having power to call a special election. The fourth amendment adds to Article XLIX a provision by which the Speaker of the House shall act as Governor, in case the latter office and the presidency of the Senate are both vacant. The fifth or prohibitory amendment forbids the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors. The sixth amendment strikes out from Article VI of the Bill of Rights such portions as authorize or tend to authorize a State religion, and the seventh amendment revises certain portions of Article XI of the Constitution so that it shall read as follows:

Whenever any town, place, or city ward shall have less than 600 such inhabitants, the general court shall authorize such town, place, or ward to elect and send to the general court a representative such proportionate part of the time as the number of its inhabitants shall bear to 600; but the general court shall not authorize any such town, place, or ward to elect and send such representative, except as herein provided. The Convention adjourned on Jan 12.

Efforts were made by the friends of prohibition in favor of the fifth amendment, but, as a twothird vote was necessary to secure its adoption by the people, the odds were greatly against them. At the election on March 12 the first four and the seventh amendments received the necessary two-third majority, and were adopted; the sixth secured only a majority of the votes cast, while the fifth or prohibitory amendment failed to secure even that. The vote, in detail, was as follows: No. 1-yes, 38,352; no, 11,654. No. 2-yes, 37,872; no, 12,218. No. 3—yes, 34,990; no, 12,224. No. 4-yes, 35,768; no, 11,530. No. 5-yes, 25,768; no, 30,976, No. 6-yes, 27, 737; no, 20,048. No. 7-yes, 30,002; no, 12,846. The Convention passed an order declaring that the first amendment, if adopted, should take efect on Nov. 1, and all others on the first Wednesday of June.

Legislative Session.-The regular biennial session of the Legislature convened on June 5, and adjourned on Aug. 17. Having counted the returns for Governor and found no election by the people in November, the House in joint session on the opening day elected David H. Goodell, the Republican candidate, by a vote of 168 to 114 for Charles H. Amsden, the Democratic candidate. One vote was cast for Edgar L. Carr, Prohibitionist. Later in the session Secretary of State Thompson and Treasurer Carter were re-elected. The choice of a United States Senator for the term that began on March 4 preceding devolved upon this Legislature. The term of Senator William E. Chandler expired on that date, and, as no successor had been elected by the Legislature, Gov. Sawyer, on Feb. 15, appointed Gen. Gilman Marston to fill the vacancy until the meeting of the Legislature in June. ExSenator Chandler was a candidate for re-election, his principal competitor being Congressman Jacob H. Gallinger. At a caucus of Republican members on June 13, Chandler received 125 votes, Gallinger 60, Marston 2. The ex-Senator was declared the nominee, and on June 18 he was elected Senator by the following vote: Senate-Chandler, 18; Harry Bingham, the Democratic nominee, 6. House-Chandler, 165; Bingham, 137; scattering, 5. A commission of three persons was created to revise and codify the public statutes and to make such changes as may be needed on account of the adoption of constitutional amendments. A system of free textbooks for the public schools was adopted, the expense of such books to be borne by each city and town. A State Soldiers' Home was established, and the sum of $30,000 was appropriated for it. The board of managers created by this act, later in the year, accepted the gift of a site for the institution, containing forty acres, in the town of Tilton. The sum of $60,000 was appropriated to the State Normal School for the erection of new buildings and for their equipment. A State tax of $500,000 was levied for each of the years 1890 and 1891. An attempt to supplant the prohibitory law by a license law was defeated in the Lower House. Other acts of the session were as follow:

New Hampshire soldiers and sailors in the civil war. Appropriating $10,000 for completing the record of Imposing an annual tax of 1 per cent. on the amount paid in upon the stock or shares of every building and loan association.

Appointing the State Board of Health to be a commission of lunacy.

Requiring savings banks, instead of the State, to publish lists of unclaimed deposits.

Restricting to the Supreme Court alone the jurisdiction for the naturalization of aliens.

Taxing the capital stock and deposits of trust companies, loan and trust companies, loan and banking companies, and other like corporations, in the same antee savings banks. manner as the special and general deposits of guar

Making fowls of every description, exceeding $50 in value, liable to taxation.

Appropriating $12,000 for a statue to Gen. John

Stark.

Education. The following public-school statistics cover the school years 1887-'88 and 1888-'89:

1889.

2,298

1,825 812 2.727 848 87

43

$25 42 1,993 $2,301,386 77 $2.880,605 51 $789,078 50 $478,035 20

$708,488 91 $474,400 55

The State Superintendent of Public Instruction says in his latest report: "The number of small schools under the town system is still decreasing. The last year twenty-one were dropped. As a consequence, the number of graded schools increased sixteen, and of high schools two."

Charities.-The State Insane Asylum contained 339 patients on May 1. 1888-males 159, females 180. There were admitted during the year ensuing 155 patients, and discharged 158, leaving 336 on May 1, 1889. The receipts were $98,284.25, and the expenditures $97,402.09. Only a small portion of the receipts were derived from the State treasury.

Prisons.-The State Prison on May, 1, 1888, contained 115 convicts; 42 were received and 47 discharged during the year following, and 110 remained on April 30, 1889, all but one of whom were males. The average number for the year was 106. The earnings of the institution were $15,148.26, and the expenses $19,090.18. Since 1878, when the number of prisoners was slightly in excess of 200, there has been a gradual decrease, and the prison accommodations are now much greater than the needs.

At the Industrial School there were 100 boys and 20 girls on April 1. The total receipts for the year preceding were $21,261,73, and the payments $19,647.01. The sum of $1,261.64 was derived from the sale of hosiery and farm products. Savings Banks.-The savings banks of the State held deposits at the close of 1888 amounting to $57,300,590.48. Their guarantee fund was $3,083,264.75, their surplus $2,174,746.05, and their miscellaneous debts $169,097.89, making the total liabilities $62,727,699.17. Of their investments out of New England, $22,632,067.72 was in Western loans, and $20,237,722.02 in United States, State, county, city, town, district, railroad, and miscellaneous bonds, and in railroad, bank, manufacturing, and miscellaneous stocks. The aggregate amount of home loans was $14,530,130.22, an increase during the year of $1,341,308.85, or a little over 10 per cent. The increase in Western loans during the year was $918,387.28, or a little over 4 per cent.

The number of depositors Jan. 1, 1889, was 144,834, of whom 129,034 had deposits not exceeding $1,000, and 109,711 deposits not exceed

Railroads.-The contest between the Boston and Maine Railroad Corporation on the one hand, seeking to obtain control of the Concord Railroad, the Boston, Concord, and Montreal Railroad, and subsidiary roads in the northern part of the State, and the friends of these latter roads on the other hand, which was so bitterly fought in the Legislature of 1887, was continued in a less open manner through 1888, influencing to a considerable degree the course of politics in the State. In the canvass of 1888 the choice of candidates and their election to the Legislature depended largely, in many localities, upon their position in this controversy. Before the Legislature of this year assembled, the State Supreme Court had decided that the lease of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal road to the Boston and Lowell road, made in 1884, had been forfeited by the subsequent lease of the latter road to the Boston and Maine, and that the former road could not be controlled thereunder by the Boston and Maine. This was a substantial gain for the northern roads, but the contest was still unsettled. The matter was the subject of protracted debates before the Legislature, the result of which was the adoption of a compromise measure. This provides that the Concord and the Boston, Concord, and Montreal roads may unite, to form a corporation, to be called the New Hampshire Railroad Corporation, with which the Boston and Maine Railroad may make contracts for the interchange of traffic for a term of years, but no lease of the other may be taken by either. Other provisions are as follow:

mont Railroad, the Peterborough and Hillsborough Railroad, the Nashua and Lowell Railroad, the Wilton Railroad, the Peterborough Railroad Company, or either of them, may lease their railroads, property, and franchises, and assign any leases they may have of other roads to the Boston and Maine Railroad or to the Boston and Lowell Railroad Corporation, which may take such leases and assignments. And the Mount Railroad, the New Zealand Valley Railroad, the ProWashington Railway, the Whitefield and Jefferson file and Franconia Notch Railroad, the Pemigewasset Valley Railroad, the Lake Shore Railroad, the Tilton and Belmont Railroad, the Suncook Valley Railroad, the Suncook Valley Extension Railroad, the Manchester and North Weare Railroad, the Concord and Portsmouth Railroad, and the Nashua, Acton and Boston railroads, property, and franchises to the Concord Railroad, or any or either of them, may lease their Railroad Corporation, the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, or the new corporation formed by their

The Northern Railroad, the Concord and Clare

union.

The Boston and Maine Railroad is hereby author..