Anagni, vii., 252; Boniface VIII. at,
253; the curse of, ib. note; college
of cardinals at, 295; Porcaro at,
305.

Anaitis, golden statue of, iii., 213 note.
Anas, river, iii., 425.

Anastasia, daughter of Heraclius, v., 185
note.

Anastasia, daughter of the Emperor
Maurice, v., 69 note.

Anastasia, Empress, wife of Tiberius, v.,
18 and note.

Anastasia, sister of Constantine, i., 432
note, 463; ii., 218.

Anastasia, sister of the Empress Theo-
dora, iv., 226.

Anastasia, Gregory's conventicle, iii., 152,
153 and note.

Anastasius, author of the Liber Ponti-
ficalis, iv., 431 note.
Anastasius, grandson of the Empress

Theodora, iv., 436 and note.
Anastasius I., Emperor, heresy of, iv.,

117; makes Theodoric consul, 128;
marries Ariadne, 185; war with
Theodoric, 198 sq.; religious troubles
in the circus, 235; economy of, 250
and note; remits taxation, ib. and
note; exempted various cities from
taxation, 253; long wall of, 270;
suppressed the pensions of the Isau-
rians, 271; Persian war, 275 sq.;
in the circus as a suppliant, v., 140;
signs treaty of orthodoxy, 140.
Anastasius II., Emperor, v., 196; pre-
parations against Saracens, vi., 6
and note.

Anastasius I., Pope, epistle of, to Clovis,
iv., 117 note.

Anastasius IV., Pope, vii., 232.
Anastasius, librarian of the Roman
Church, vi., 18 note, 46 note.
Anastasius, Patriarch, supports Arta-
vasdus, v., 198 note.
Anastasius, St., acts of, v., 77 note.
Anatho, ii., 520 and note.
Anatolia, invaded by Monguls, vii., 15;

divided among the Emirs, 27; in-
vaded by Timour, 61; given to
Mousa, 65.

Anatolius, heretic, iv., 256 note.
Anatolius, master-general of the armies
of the East, ambassador to Attila,
iii., 468.

Anatolius, master of the offices, ii., 542,
544.

Anbasa, invades Gaul, vi., 14 note.
Anchialus, i., 287; warm baths at, iv.,
268; Emperor Maurice at, v., 61;
Andronicus at, 250; battle of, vi.,
141 note.

Ancilia, or sacred shields, i., 158; ii.,
461 note; iii., 328 note.

Ancona, taken by Belisarius, iv., 347;
resists Totila, 439; siege of, by
Frederic Barbarossa, vi., 224; traders
of, at Constantinople, vii., 206;
Pius II. at, 216.

Ancyra, Monument of, i., 2 note, 328;
council of, ii., 56; Jovian at, iii., 5;
taken by Chosroes, v., 77; pillaged
by the Paulicians, vi., 125; taken by
Murad V., vii., 27 note.

Andages the Ostrogoth, kills Theodoric
at Châlons, iii., 490.
Andalusia, v., 501 note.
Andalusian Arabs in Egypt and Crete,
vi., 39.

Anderida (Andredes Ceaster), iv., 164 and
note.

Andernach, fortified by Julian, ii., 301
note.

Anderson on the Hanseatic league, vi.,
158 note.

Andragathius, general to Maximus, iii.,
175 note.

Andreas de Redusiis de Quero, his de-
scription of the sack of Azoph, vii.,
52 note; Chancellor of Trevigi, 66
note.

Andrew, eunuch, protects the Christians,
ii., 125.

Andrew, King of Hungary, refuses the
empire, vi., 448.

Andrew of Naples, strangled, vii., 278 and
note.

Andrew, St., body of, removed to Con-

stantinople, iii., 220; spiritual
founder of Constantinople, ib. note;
head of, removed to Vatican, vii.,
214; monastery of, at Rome, v., 36
and note; shrine of, at Patras, vi.,
73.

Andronicus Angelus, v., 258.
Andronicus Ducas, brother of Constantine
X., vi., 249.

Andronicus I., surnamed Gidos, second

Emperor of Trebizond, vi., 439 note.
Andronicus I., v., 237; character and
adventures of, 247 sqq.; reign, 255
sqq.; death, vi., 226; massacre of
Latins, 388.

vi., 33 and note.

Anazarbus, valley of, v., 244.

Anbar, city of, reduced by Caled, v., 429.

restores Justinian's statue, iv., 461;
crowned, vi., 490; pays the Cata-
lans, 502; defeated by them, 504;

at, for magic, 17 sq.; sedition at,
177 sqq.; date of, 180 note; re-
stored by Justinian, iv., 265 and
note; burnt by Nushirvan, 393;
earthquake at, 465; taken by Chos-
roes, v., 74; by the Saracens, 465
sq.; date of, 467 note; recovered by
Nicephoras Phocas, vi., 62; loyalty
of, to the empire, 261; taken by
Sultan Soliman, ib.; by the crusa-
ders, 310 sqq.; history of, 327 note;
principality of, 331 note; prince of,
337; taken by Sultan Bondocdar,
378.

Antioch-Chosrou, iv., 394 note.
Antioch (Pisidia), crusaders at, vi., 309.
Antiochus, King, æra of, i., 212 note.
Antiochus, monk, homilies of, v., 75
note.

Antiochus, officer of the household, ii.,
239.

Antonio de Ferrariis, vii., 217 note.
Antonius, L., i., 80 note.
Antonius Petrus, vii., 311 note; Diary of,
331 note.

Antony, Mark, iii., 210 note.
Antony, St., monastery of, at Kauleas, ii.,
158 note; on Mount Colzim, iv., 64;
founds colonies of monks in Egypt,
65 sq.

Antrustion, rank of, among the Franks,
iv., 134 and note.

Anulinus, master of Diocletian, i., 377.
Anulinus, prætorian præfect, i., 435.
Anushtigin, Governor of Carizme, vii.,
8 note.

Apamea or Corna, i., 284; ii., 522 note;

besieged by Nushirvan, iv., 392; de-
stroyed by Adarman, v., 44; mas-
sacre of monks at, 163 and note;
taken by the Saracens, 469; re-
covered by Nicephorus, vi., 63.

Antivari, anonymous writer of, vii., 156
note.

Antonina, wife of Belisarius, iv., 257;
character, 294 sq.; accompanies
Belisarius to Africa, 298; death of
Constantine attributed to, 349 and
note; secret history and adventures
of, 358 sqq.; accused of exile of
Sylverius, 424 note; solicits return
of Belisarius, 434; founds a convent,
458 note.

Antonines, the, found a school at Athens,

i., 62 note; reign, 83; endow the
schools of philosophy, iv., 281.
Antoninus Arrius, i., 99.
Antoninus, fugitive at the court of Sapor,
ii., 283 and note.

Antoninus, M. Aur., wars, i., 9, 10; levies
troops from the Quadi and Marco-
manni, i., 16 note, 38 note, 78 note;
character and reign, 83 and note,
84; campaigns on the Danube, 85;
indulgence of, 91, 92, 115 note;
Marcomannic wars of, 253 sq., 352
note; in Julian's Cæsars, ii., 506.
Antoninus, name of Geta and Caracalla,
i., 139 note sq.

Antoninus, name of Heliogabalus, i.,
155.

Antoninus Pius, wall of, i., 5; compared
with Hadrian, 8 sq.; wars with the
Moors, and Brigantes of Britain, 9
note; character and reign, 84; edict
of, in favour of the Jews, ii., 79.
Antoninus, Proconsul of Asia, ii., 112 and
note.

and note; death, 375 and note.
Apharban, i., 401.

Aphdal, Sultan, restores Fatimite rule in
Palestine, vi., 319.

Apocalypse, the, rejected by Council of
Laodicea, ii., 26 note, 61 note.
Apocaucus, Duke, attacks regency of
John Cantacuzene, vi., 519, 520
note; defeats Cantacuzene, 521;
death, 523.

Apodemius, ii., 447.
Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea, his
theory of the incarnation, v., 111
sq.
Apollinaris, Patriarch of Alexandria, v.,
171 sq.

Apollinaris, son of Sidonius, iv., 126.
Apollinaris, works of, ii., 488 note.
Apollo, statue of, at Constantinople, ii.,
162.

Apollodorus, Trajan's architect, iv., 267
note.

Apollonia, city of Assyria, ii., 522 note.
Apolloniates, Lake, i., 285.
Apollonius, ambassador of Marcian, iii.,
471.

Apollonius of Perga, vi., 31 and note.
Apollonius of Tyana, i., 328 and note;
ii., 126 note.

Apologists, early Christian, ii., 72-73.
Apostates, Christian, ii., 114.
Apostles, ii., 43, 89 and note.
Apotheosis, see Deification of Emperors.
Apparitors, ii., 180.

Apsarus, fortifications of, iv., 402.
Apsimar (Tiberius III.), assumes the
purple, v., 192; executed by Jus-
tinian II., 193.

Apulia, state of, in tenth century, vi.,
178; conquered by the Normans,
185; count of, 186; reduced by
Manuel, 223.
Apulians, i., 23.

Apulus, William, on the Normans, vi.,
181 note, 183 note.

Aqueducts, Roman, iv., 341 and note.
Aquileia, siege of, i., 198; besieged by
Jovinus, ii., 439; taken by Theo-
dosius, iii., 174; siege of, by the
Goths, 262; pillaged by Alario,
303; usurper John, beheaded at,
419; besieged by Attila, 493; de-
stroyed by him, 494 and note.
Aquitain, province of, i., 21, 324; Goths
settle in, iii., 369; first and second,
two of the seven provinces, 376 note;
united by Clovis to France, iv., 127;
under Charlemagne, v., 306; re-
covered by Eudes, vi., 18.
Aquyrion, palace of Constantine, ii., 233.
Arabah, blind Arab, v., 348.
Arabia, attempted reduction of, i., 2 and

note; description of, v., 332 sqq.;
geographers of, ib. note; European
travellers in, 333 note; three divi-
sions of, 334; horses of, 336; camel,
337; cities, 337 sq.; trade, 339;
Roman province of, 340 and note;
language of, 346; Sabians in, 352;
Magians, Jews, and Christians in.
353 sqq.; Turks in, 340 note; re-
ligious sects of, 351; subdued by
Mahomet, 392 sqq.; province of
Syria called Arabia, 444; languages
in, 524 note.

Arabia, daughter of Justin II., v., 16.
Arabian Nights, v., 518 note.
Arabic language, diffusion of, v., 524 and
note.

Arabissus, in Lesser Armenia, iii., 401;

in Cappadocia, v., 20.

Arabs, under the Roman Empire, i., 27;
assist the Romans, ii., 240; descrip-
tion of, v., 335 sqq., 339; civil wars
of, 344; social life of, 346; annual
truce, ib. note; poetry of, 347 and
note; generosity of, 348; ancient
idolatry of, 349; their rites and
sacrifices, 351 sq.; union of, 423 sq.;
military tactics, 431; in Persia,
436 sqq.;
in Transoxiana, 439
sqq.; in Syria, 442 sqq.; further
conquests, 471 sq.; naval exploits,
472; in Egypt, 472; in Africa, 488
sqq.; in Spain, 501 sqq.; at Con-
stantinople, vi., 2 sqq.; in France, |

13 sqq.; learning among, 28 sqq.;
in Sicily, 40; in Italy, 42; see Sara-

ceng.

Aradus, v., 471.

Aramaan, Syriac dialect, v., 154 note.
Araric, King of the Goths, crosses the
Danube, ii., 230.

Aratus, commands Heruli against Totila,
iv., 441.

Araxes, river, Heraclius at, v., 88 and
note.

Araxes, river, see Aboras.
Arba, river, Heraclius reaches the, v.,
97, 98.

Arbalist, cross bow, vi., 308.
Arbela, i., 226 note.

Arbetio, general of Constantine, iii.,
16.

Arbetio, general of Julian, ii., 447.
Arbogastes the Frank, opposes Maximus,
iii., 173; puts Flavius Victor to
death, 174; dismissed by Theodo-
sius, 188 and note; makes Eugenius
emperor, 189; defeats Theodosius,
193; death, 194.

Arboruchi or Armorici, iv., 112 note, 117
note.

Arcadia, daughter of Arcadius, iii., 406.
Arcadius Charisius, ii., 202 note.
Arcadius, son of Theodosius,

made

Augustus, iii., 149; Emperor of the
East, 195, 228; marries Eudoxia,
235; reign, 378 sqq.; his cruel law
of treason, 385; signs condemnation
of Eutropius, 391; death and testa-
ment, 293, 403, 404; column of, vi.,
437 note.

Arcaph, ii., 386 note.

Arch of Constantine, i., 457.
Archæopolis, siege of, iv., 407.
Archelais, Asia Minor, crusaders at, vi.,
309.

Archers, in Homer, iv., 295 and note;
Roman, defended by Procopius, ib.
Archimagus, i., 218.
Archimedes, iv., 258.
Archipelago, etymology of name, vi., 71
note.

Architecture, Roman, i., 47 sq.; oldest
model of Gothic, iv., 205 and note;
Saracen, vi., 26.

Ardaburius, opposes the usurper John,
iii., 419.

Ardalio, battle of, between Gildo and
Macezel, iii., 249.
Ardaric, King of the Gepidæ, councillor
of Attila, iii., 446; at the battle of
Châlons, 489; victory on the Netad,
502; establishes a new kingdom,
502.

II.

Arduin, Greek interpreter, vi., 184, 185
note.

Arelate, i., 278 note; marriage of Con-
stantine at, 437; Maximinian at,
441; council of, ii., 348, 353, 393;
assembly of the seven provinces at,
iii., 376; besieged by the Visigoths,
475; taken by Euric, iv., 108; be-
longed to Burgundy in year 499 A.D.,
119 note; Clovis raises siege of,
127; resigned to the Franks, 128;
conquered by Theodoric, 199; siege
of by Abderame, vi., 15.
Arenula, battle of, vi., 182 note.
Areobindus, the Goth, iii., 413; marries

niece of Justinian, iv., 49 note; Mag.
Mil. in Africa, 418 and notes.
Arethas, Arabian chief, iv., 390, 395.
Arethas, St., Prince of Negra, martyr-
dom of, iv., 412.

Arethusa or Restan, ii., 490 note.
Aretinus, Leonardus Brunus, steals the
Gothic history of Procopius, iv., 224
note; vii., 127 note; life of, 128
and note, 299 note.
Argaeus (Mount), v., 213 note.
Argaus, church of the Paulicians, vi., 118
note, 124 note.

Argentaris (Colmar), battle of, iii., 112
and note.

Argos, ii., 452; destroyed by Alaric, iii.,
257.

Argyropulus, John, vii., 130.
Argyrus, officer of Constantine Mono-

machus, vi., 188; cruelty of, 188;
his flight to Bari, 189.

Ariadne, daughter of Leo and Verina,

iv., 184; character of, 185; marries
Anastasius, ib.
Arianism, ii., 365; creeds of, 370 sqq.;

under Valens, iii., 25 sq.; in Con-
stantinople, 150 sq.; ruin of, at
Constantinople, 153 sq.; ruin of,
among the Barbarians, iv., 99;
complete ruin of, 104.

Arians, cruelty of the, ii., 408 sq.; per-

secution of, by Theodosius, iii., 155
sqq.; edicts against, 159 8.1. ;
toleration of, iv., 88; cruelty of the
Arian clergy, 93; law against, under
Justin, 211; Arian clergy expelled
from Rome, 430 and note; of Italy
and Spain, reconciled under Gregory
I. to the Catholic Church, v., 38;
wealth of the Arian Church at Con-
stantinople, 143.

Aricia, i., 77.

Arii, tribe of, i., 355.

Arinthæus, Julian's general of horse, ii.,
519, 545; his embassy to Sapor,
549; general of Valens, iii., 16 and
note; defends the Euphrates, 57.
Ariolica, iii., 499 note.
Ariovistus, crosses the Rhine, iv., 138.
Aristides, philosopher and Christian,
apology of, ii., 70 and note.
Aristo of Pella, ii., 10 note.
Aristobulus, prætorian præfect, i., 379
note.

Aristotle, iv., 279; philosophy of, vi.,
31 sq.; study of, revived by the
Caliphs, 32; in western universities,
464; study of, by Theodore Gaza,
vii., 132.

Arius, character of, ii., 364 and note;
heresy of, 366; his Thalia, 366

note; banishment, 377; recall of,
378; death, 378 and note.
Arka, besieged by crusaders, vi., 321
note.

Arles, see Arelate.

Armatius, widow of, marries Attila's
secretary, iii., 458.
Armenia, Roman province, i., 7, 8;

under Persia, 289; state of, 395 and
note; revolt of, from Persia, 396;
again Roman, 405; Christianized,
ii., 68 and note, 239; recovered by
Persia, ib.; Christians of, 332; re-
linquished by the Romans,, 550;
invaded by Sapor, iii., 55 sqq.;
divided between Aspacurus and Pap,
57; independent, 58 sq.; divided
between Persia and Rome, 414 sq.;
further revolutions, 414 sq. and
notes; language of, 414 note;
Count of Armenian frontier, ib. ;
towns of, fortified by Justinian, iv.,
274; Greek speech in, v.,
154;
Fourth Armenia lost to the Sara-
cens, 194 note; incorporated in the
empire, 234 note; Paulicians of, vi.,
123; conquered by Alp Arslan, 246;
Moguls in, vii., 15.

Armenians, schism of the, v., 168 sq.;

commerce of, 169; patriarch of the,
170; settlement of Armenians in
Thrace, 215 note; attitude of, to
images, 268 and note.

Armentarius, surname of Galerius, i.,
381.

Arminians, iii., 431 note.
Armorica, independence of, iii., 372 and

note; revolt of, 372 and note; dis-
turbed by the Bagaude, 507; feder-
ation of, iv., 110 note; description
of the Armorican republic, 117;