subdued by Clovis, 118; British | Arshak, King of Armenia, iii., 56 and settlement in, 160 and note; Britons of, 161 and note; cavalry of, 168; struggle against Clovis, 117 and
Armoricans (Gallic tribe), iii., 487 and note; iv., 112 note, 117 note.
Armour, use of, iii., 196. Arms, Roman, i., 13 sq.; under Hadrian, i., 18; stations of, ib.; under Augus- tus, 79 sqq., 133; pay of, 149 and note; attempted reformation of, by Macrinus, 153; recruited from the barbarians by Probus, 358; under Constantine, ii., 190 sqq.; state of, under Maurice, v., 63 sq.; discon- tent of, 64.
Arnold of Brescia, his theories, vii., 229; at Zürich, 230; at Rome, 231 sqq. ; his death, 232 and note, 235; plan of, 235 note.
Arnulph, Duke of Moravia, vi., 148. Arnulph, Patriarch of Jerusalem, vi., 326 note.
Aromatics, use of, i., 60 and note. Arpad, King of the Hungarians, vi., 143
note, 145; reign of, 149 note. Arragon, etymology of the name, i., 21
note; house of, acknowledged in Greece, vi., 506; kings of, buy title of Emperor of Constantinople, vii., 214.
Arras taken by the Germans, iii., 285. Arrechis, Duke of Beneventum, subdued
by Charlemagne, v., 307. Arrian, i., 26 note; Periplus of, iv., 397 note; visit of, to Colchos, 402. Arrius Antoninus, i., 99.
Arsaces, reigns in Western Armenia, under Arcadius, iii., 414; royal house of, 415 note. Arsaces, satrap, ii., 517 note. Arsaces Tiranus, King of Armenia, char- acter, ii., 516; treachery of, 534; death, iii., 55.
Arsacides, of Armenia, i., 213, 220; ii.,
Arsacius, made Archbishop of Constanti- nople, iii., 400.
Arsenites, schism of, vi., 488 sq. Arsenius, bishop, ii., 386 and note; accompanied Athanasius, 386. Arsenius, Patriarch of Constantinople; crowns Michael Palæologus, 484; excommunicates Michael, 487; ban- ishment of, 488.
Arsenius, Patriarch of Nice, vi., 479, 484.
Arsenius, tutor of Arcadius, iii., 235 and note.
Arsuf, battle of, vi., 366.
Art, attitude of the Christians towards, ii., 18.
Artaban, Armenian prince, in Africa, iv., 418 and note; conspires against Justinian, 435 and note; replaces Liberius in command, 438; reduces Sicily, 439.
Artaban, King of Parthia, i., 212. Artabanus, Armenian prince, at court of Leo I., v., 215.
Artabazus, Persian in service of Justinian, iv., 422 and note.
Artasires, one of the assassins of Gon- tharis, iv., 419 note.
Artasires, successor of Chosroes, iii., 415; deposed, ib.
Artavasdes, commander of Armenian army, i., 396.
Artavasdes, King of Armenia, i., 290 note, 294 note.
Artavasdus, Count of the Opsikian theme,
v., 198 note; supports images, 272. Artaxata, Archbishop of, ii., 239; palace at, iii., 414.
Artaxerxes I. (Ardeshir) restores Persian monarchy, i., 212; reign, 213 sqq.; declares war with Rome, 225; char- acter, 228; laws of, revived by Nushirvan, iv., 386.
Artaxerxes II., succeeds Sapor in Persia, iii., 58 note.
Artemidorus of Ephesus, i., 34 n. Artemita, residence of Chosroes II., v., 78 and note; palace of, 97 and note. Artemius, Duke of Egypt, death, ii., 448 and note.
Artemius, martyr, Acts of, ii., 324 note. Artemius, see Anastasius II. Artemon, followers of, ii., 71. Arthur, King, iv., 161 sqq. Artillery, Roman, i., 16.
Artogerassa, siege of, iii., 56 and note. Artois, Count of, storms Massoura, vi., 375.
Aruspices, edict of Constantine concern- ing, ii., 308 and note. Arvandus, prætorian præfect, trial of, iv., 42 sqq.; exile, 45.
Arzanene, province of, ceded to the em- pire, i., 404 and note. Arzan Su, tributary of the Tigris, ii., 551 note.
Arzema (Azarmidocht), Queen of Persia, v., 430 and note.
Arzingan, city of, taken by Timour, vii., 56.
As, Roman, value of, iv. 476 note.
Asan, Bulgarian chief, revolt of, vi., 391 | Assemannus, Joseph Simon, account of,
Asarhaddon, i., 415 note. Asbad the Gepid, iv., 444. Asburg, see Asgard.
Ascalon, v., 469 note; taken by the Saracens, 469; battle of (A.D. 1099), vi., 325; conquest of, 327 and note; dismantled by Saladin, 366; de- stroyed, 368.
Ascanias (Lake), vii., 193 note. Ascansar (Aksunkur), governor of Aleppo, vi., 349.
Ascellinus, traveller, his journey among the Mongols, vii., 7 note.
Ascetics, Christian, ii., 40, 11; iv., 62 sq.
Asclepiades, philosopher, ii., 493 note. Asclepiodatus, general of Probus, i., 354, 388.
Ascoli, conquered by the Normans, vi., 185 note.
Asconius Pedianus, iv., 539 note.
Asena, see Bertezena.
Asfendiar (Persian hero), iii., 84.
Asfoeld, plain of, v., 5.
v., 155 note; vii., 119 note. Assemblies of the people, i., 74 and note; legislative, of the Visigoths in Spain, iv., 152 sq.
Assise of Jerusalem, vi., 329 sqq.; intro- duced into the Peloponnesus, 433 note. Assyria, Roman province of, i., 7, 8; de- scribed, ii., 522 and notes; revenue, 523 and note; invasion of Julian, 523 sqq.; Persian province, iv., 385; conquered by Omar, v., 434.
Asta, in Liguria, retreat of Honorius, iii., 266 and note.
Astarte, image of, brought to Rome, i.,159. Asterius, St., of Amasea, on execution of
Tatian, iii., 231 note; on exile of Abundantius, 383 note; Count As- terius marches against the Vandals, iii., 423.
Asti, citizens of, defeated by the Marquis of Montferrat, vi., 401 note; see Asta.
As-gard, residence of Odin, i., 260 and Astolphus, King of the Lombards, takes
Ashik-pasha-zadi, Ottoman historian,
Asia Minor, description of, i., 26; given to Theodosius, iii., 125; settlement of the Goths in, 135; desolated by Tribigild, 387; security of, iv., 270 sq.; campaign of Chosroes in, v., 77 sq.; conquered by the Turks, vii.,
27 sq. Asia, tribute, i., 173; ancient revolutions of 211; seven churches of, ii., 61; vii., 28.
Asiarch, ii., 58 note.
Asinius Quadratus, i., 278 note. As-of, city of, see As-gard. Asomaton, fortress at, vii., 171 and note; description and dimensions of for- tress, 172, 173 and note. Aspacuras, King of the Iberians, iii., 56. Aspalathus, i., 421.
Aspar, Prince of Lesser Scythia, iv., 222 note.
Aspar, son of Ardaburius, iii., 419; op-
poses the Vandals in Africa, 432; Marcian in the service of, 470; heresy of, iv., 31 and note; death of, 184.
Asper, Turkish coin, vii., 80 and note. Asprudus, river, i., 403.
Assassins or Ismaelians, Sheik of, vi.,
365 and note; extirpation of, vii., 13 sq. and notes.
Ravenna, v., 284; besieges Rome, 285; defeat of, ib.
Astorga, sacked by Theodoric, iv., 13. Astracan, Kingdom of, invaded by Mon-
gols, vii., 16; city of, destroyed by Timour, 73.
Astrology, belief in, among the Romans, iii., 318. Astronomical Tables of Samarcand [Gurganian], vii., 46 note. Astronomy, science of, cultivated at Babylon, v., 349; by the Saracens, vi., 32 sq. Asturians, i., 21.
Asturias, gold of, i., 174; survival of Gothic kingdom in, v., 509 and note.
Astytzion, castle of, on the banks of the Scamander, vi., 482 note.
Atabeks (atabegs), vi., 258 and note; of Syria, 348 and note.
Atelkuzu, Patzinaks driven out of, vi., 248 note.
Athalaric, grandson of Theodoric, in- herits Italy, iv., 217; education of, 322; death, 323.
Athanagild, King of the Visigoths, iv., 99 note.
Athanaric, judge of the Visigoths, iii., 61 and note; war with Valens, 64 sqq.; peace with Valens, 64; de- feated by Huns, 97; at Constanti- nople, 132 and note; death, 133;
his persecution of the Christian Goths, iv., 83.
Shah, vi., 267 sqq.; takes Jerusalem, A.D. 1070, 268 note.
Athanasius of Mount Athos, v., 226 Attacotti, Caledonian tribe of, iii., 46 and
note. Athanasius, Patriarch of Constantinople,
Athanasius, Prætorian Præfect of Africa,
iv., 418 note. Athanasius, St., ii., 344; supports Nicene doctrine, 369; opposes Arianism, 370; banished by Constantine, 378; character and adventures, 383 sqq.; Archbishop of Alexandria, 384; banishment, 388; restored by Con- stantine II., ib.; second exile, ib.; restoration by Constans, 391; third expulsion, 397; retreat, 400; re- turns to Alexandria, 499; persecuted by Julian, 501; restored by Jovian, iii., 3 and note; death, 27; intro- duced monasticism at Rome, iv., 65, 66 and note; Festal Letters of, 66 note; Life of St. Antony, 67 note; creed of, 96 and note. Athaulf, see Adolfus.
Atheism, Christians accused of, ii., 82. Athelstan, conquers Cornwall, iv., 161 note.
Athenais, see Eudocia. Athens, resort of students, i., 33; popula-
tion of, 36 and note; school of the Antonines at, 62 note; sack of, by the Goths, 286; walls restored, ib. note, 289; fleet of, 472 note; Church of, ii., 61 note; Julian at, 270; favoured by Julian, 452; taken by Alaric, iii., 256; walls of, restored by Justinian, iv., 269; schools of, 279; library of Hadrian at, 281; supposed visit of Roman deputies to, 474 and note; marriage laws of, 513; law of inheritance at, 518 note; law of testaments at, 520; revolution of, under the Franks, vi., 504 sq.; dukes of, 505; state of, 506 sq.; taken by Turks, 506; cir- cumnavigation of, vii., 139 and note. Athos (Mount), Gothic fleet at, i., 310; Great Laura founded by Athanasius on, v., 226 note; opinion and prac- tice of the monks of, vi., 529 sq.; manuscripts in monasteries of, vii., 134 note.
Athribis, bishopric of, v., 138 note. Atlas, Mount, i., 28 and note.
Atmeidan, see Hippodrome.
Attalus, Count of Autun, iv., 146 note, 147.
Attalus, Præfect of Rome, made emperor, iii., 336; reign, 336, 337; Arian baptism of, 336 note; deposed, 338; at wedding of Adolphus, 354; am- bassador, 362; banishment, 364. Attica, territory of, wasted by Alaric, iii., 256.
Atticus, successor of Chrysostom, iii., 402 note; v., 118 note.
Attila (Etzel), King of the Huns, descrip- tion of, iii., 442 sqq.; puts his brother Bleda to death, 444; ac- quires Scythia and Germany, 445 sq.; invades Persia, 446; invades the Eastern Empire, 448 sqq.; de- feats the Romans, on the Utus, at Marcianopolis and in the Thracian Chersonese, 449; ravages Europe, ib. sq.; peace with Theodosius, 455 sq.; his embassies to Constantinople, 458 sq.; his village and negotiations with the Romans described, 462 sqq.; receives Maximin, 464; royal feast of, 465 sq.; conspiracy of the Romans against, 467; sends am- bassadors to Theodosius, 468; threatens both empires, 471; alli- ance with the son of Clodion, 481; invades Gaul, 483; crosses the Rhine, 483; besieges Orleans, 484; defeated on the Catalaunian fields, 488 sqq.; invades Italy, 493; de- stroys Aquileia, 494; makes peace with Valentinian, 498 sq.; marriage and death, 500; funeral, 501; empire of, dismembered, ib. sq. Attitianus, i., 323 note. Attok, on the Indus, vii., 53. Attuarii (tribe of Franks), ii., 429. Atyras, river, iv., 455; fortress of, ib. note.
Atys and Cybele, story of, ii., 461. Auchenii, family of, iii., 307 note. Auctions, tax on, i., 176. Audax, friend of Sidonius, iv., 50 note. Audefleda, sister of Clovis, iv., 321 note. Audians, sect of the, iii., 160; v., 119. Audoin, King of the Lombards, iv., 441 and note; v., 5.
Augsburg, battle of, vi., 148.
Atropatene, province, i., 405; ii., 240; Augurs, iii., 199 and note.
vi., 242, and see Aderbijan.
Atsiz, Shah of Carizme, vii., 8 note.
Atsiz, the Carizmian, lieutenant of Malek
Augustal Præfect of Egypt, ii., 180. Augustin, St., a Manichæan, ii., 16 note;
teacher of rhetoric in Milan, iii.,
37 note; tutor of Gratian, 141 note; consul, ib. note; letters to Paulinus, 348 note.
169; De Civitate Dei of, 222 note, | Ausonius, ii., 171 note, 172 note; iii., 341 and note; on the defeat of Radagaisus, 280 sq.; approves the persecution of the Donatists, 427 and notes, 428 note; letter to Count Boniface, ib. note; death, 430; writings, 431 and note; his ignor- ance of Greek, ib. note; canoniza- tion, ib. note; relics of, carried to Sardinia, iv., 308 note. Augustina, daughter of Heraclius, v., 185 note.
Augustulus (Romulus), emperor of the West, iv., 52; banished to the Lucullan villa, 56. Augustus, moderation of, i., 2; testa-
ment of, 3; policy, 9; buildings of, 48 and note; after the battle of Actium, 65; reforms the senate, 66; made emperor, 67; administra- tion and policy, 68 sqq., 79 and note; worship paid to, 76 note; breviarium or register, 173 and note; taxes, 175; at Jerusalem, ii., 4; in Julian's Cæsars, 506; temperance, iii., 321 and note; makes the harbour at Classis, 273; undermines the power of the popular assemblies, iv., 477; modesty of, V., 330. Augustus, title, i., 77 and note; three Augusti, 457 and note. Auranitis, iv., 390 note.
Aurasius, Mount, citadel of, iv., 318 sq. and note, 416.
Aurelian, consul, sentences Eutropius, iii., 391.
Aurelian, Emperor, succeeds, i., 312;
origin and reign, 313 sqq.; cedes Dacia to the Goths, defeats the Alemanni, 319; superstition of, 321; fortifies Rome, 322; defeats Tetricus, 324; captures Palmyra and Zenobia, 330; defeats Firmus, 333; triumph of, 333; magnificence and superstition, 336; cruelty, 339; death, 340; wore the diadem, 341 note; conduct to the Christians, ii.,
Aurelius, Litua, i., 391 note. Aurelius, see Antoninus, M. Aur. Aureolus, emperor, i., 296; invades Italy, 304, 305; death, 307 and note.
Aureus (coin), ii., 207 note.
Auri Oblatio, ii., 212 note. Aurum oblaticium, i., 458 note. Aurungzebe, Great Mogul, camp of, iii., 462 note; vii., 75. Auruss (Urus) Khan, vii., 50.
Auspices, i., 69 note. Autenti, battle of, iv., 417 note. Autharis, son of Clepho, v., 15. Autonomus, St., church of, Emperor Maurice at, v., 66 and note. Autun, vineyards of, i., 57 note; siege of, 325 and note; rebuilt by Con- stantine, 391 note; college of rhetoric at, 423; visit of Constan- tine to, 444 and note; capital of the Edui, ii., 209 and note; school of, iv., 107.
Auvergne, province of, opposes Euric, iv., 41; ceded to the Visigoths, 50; oppressed by Euric, 108; conquered by Theodoric, son of Clovis, 144; description of, ib. sq.; counts of, vi., 274 and note.
Auxentius, Mount, v., 214 note. Auxiliaries, i., 16; Barbarian auxiliaries
under Constantine, ii., 192; Ner- vian, iii., 247; Barbarian auxiliaries employed by Majorian, iv., 23; British, levied by Anthemius to de- fend Gaul, 42.
Auximum, see Osimo. Avars, subdued by the Turks, iv., 377 sq.; embassy to Justinian, 378; conquests of, 379; embassy to Justin II., v., 3; alliance with the Lom- bards, 5, 6; defeat the Gepida, 6 sq.; dominions of, 57 sqq.; wars of, with Maurice, 61 sqq.; attack Heraclius, 80; Heraclius treats with, 84; attack Constantinople, 91 sqq.; defeat, 93; subdued by Charlemagne, 308.
Avernus, lake, iii., 314 note. Averroes, Arabian philosopher, vi., 35 note.
Aversa, town of, foundation of, vi., 183; county of, 183 note.
Avicenna, Arabian physician, vi., 33. Avienus, Rufus, translator of Dionysius, v., 458 note.
Avienus, senator, his embassy to Attila, iii., 498; portrait of, ib. note. Avignon, flight of Gundobald to, iv., 120; translation of Holy See to, vii., 254 sqq.; Petrarch at, 266; the "Mystic Babylon," Petrarch on, 291; Urban V. returns from, 292. Avitus, Bishop of Vienna, epistles of, iv., 88 note; letter to Clovis, 115 note; at conference of Lyons, 119 and note.
Avitus, senator, minister of Aetius, iii., 477 note; preceptor of Theodoric II., ib. note; ambassador to Theo- doric, 486; commands in Gaul, iv., 8; character and reign, ib. sqq.; estate of, in Gaul, 8; visits Theo- doric, 9; made emperor, 10; con- sent of Marcian doubtful, ib. note; panegyric of, by Sidonius, 15; deposed by Ricimer, 15; Bishop of Placentia, ib.; flight and death, ib. and note; burial at Brivas, 16. Awsites, Arabian tribe of, adopt religion of Mahomet, v., 380.
Axuch, a Turkish slave, v., 243, 245. Axum, inscription of a king of, iv., 248 note; village of, 413 and note; de- serted, v., 177.
Axumites, see Abyssinians. Ayesha, wife of Mahomet, v., 399; daughter of Abubekr, 403; enemy of Ali, 407; flight of, with Talha and Zobeir, 411; present at the battle of Bassora, 412. Ayoubites (Kurds), vi., 353 note. Ayub, father of Saladin, vi., 354. Azan, King of Bulgaria, vi., 452 and
note; peace with Eastern empire, 453 note.
Azimus, or Azimuntium, city of, opposes
the Huns, iii., 456 and 457; its position in Thrace, 456 note; privi- leges of, v., 62 note. Azoph, see Tana.
Azymites, sect of, vii., 142.
Azyms, debate concerning the, vi., 383. Azzadin (Izz-ad-Din), Sultan of Iconium,
flies to Constantinople, vii., 15; taken by the Tartars, 22. Azzo, Marquis of Lombardy, vi., 201 note.
BAALBEC, see Heliopolis.
Baanes, Paulician teacher, vi., 117 note. Babag, Prince of Persis, i., 213 note. Babain, battle of, vi., 351. Babar, introduces guns in Upper India,
vi., 235 note; descent of, vii., 74 note. Babec, father of Artaxerxes, i., 213 note. Babegan, surname of Artaxerxes, i., 213 note.
Babolinus, St., life of, i., 384 note. Babylas, St., Bishop of Antioch, ii., 493
Babylon, name applied to Rome, ii., 227;
circumference of, 160 note; made into a royal park, 523; licentious- ness at, 527 note.
Bacchanals, ii., 65 and note. Bacchus, St., account of, v., 56 note.
Bacon, Friar, on Greek fire, vi., 13 note. Bacon, public distribution of, at Rome, iii., 320.
Bactriana, Greek kings of, iii., 91 note; Greeks of, iv., 380 note; vizier of, appointed by Chosroes, 385. Bacurius, Iberian prince, ii., 332 note; at the battle of Hadrianople, iii., 117; fights for Theodosius, 192. Badaverd, chamber of Chosroes, V., 79. Bader, village of, iv., 268 note. Badoeri, Dukes of Venice, v., 16 note. Baduarius, superintendent of the palace, v., 16; family of, ib. note. Baduila, name of Totila, q.v. Bætica, province, of Spain, i., 21; Si- lingi in, iii., 365; sea coast of, subdued by the Saracens, v., 507. Bagai, battle of, ii., 412. Bagaude, i., 383 and note; iii., 288 note; in Spain and Gaul, 507 note; allies of Majorian, iv., 24. Bagavan, Mount, i., 396. Bagdad, founded, vi., 24; etymology of the name, ib. note; college at, 29; disorders of Turkish guards at, 50; Greeks retreat from, 63; Togrul Beg at, 243; Malek Shah at, 257; taken by Mongols, vii., 14; Hola- gou at, 23; pyramid of Timour at, 60.
Baghisian, commander of Antioch, vi., 311.
Bagrās, tower of, near Antioch, vi., 311 note.
Baharites, Mamaluke dynasty, vi., 352 note, 377 note. Bahram, see Vahranes. Bahrein, district of, v., 335; Carma- thians in, vi., 52. Baie, springs of, iv., 205. Baian, chagan of the Avars, account of, v., 57; wars of, 57 sqq.; empire of, 60; war with Maurice, 61 sqq.; threatens Constantinople, 63. Baikal, Lake, iii., 86. Bailly, M., system of, iv., 197 note. Bajazet I., Sultan (Ilderim), vii., 35 sqq.;
surname, ib. note; conquests, 36 sqq.; morals and manners at court of, ib. note; wins the battle of Nico- polis, 37; takes the French princes prisoner, 40; threatens Constanti- nople, 42; receives tribute, ib.; builds mosque at Constantinople, ib.; sends embassy to Timour, 55; letters of, to Timour, 55; their genuineness questioned, ib. note; defeated at Angora, 61 sq.; his captivity, 63 sqq.; death, 67.
« ForrigeFortsett » |