defeat, 431; death, 432; medals
struck in honour of, ib. note.
Boniface, Marquis of Montferrat, leads
fourth crusade, vi., 401; adopts
cause of Alexius, ib. note, 404 and
note; clemency, 422; sells Candia,
435 and note; acquires Macedonia,
ib. and 435; defends Thessalonica,
445; death, 445.
Boniface IV., Pope, consecrates the
Pantheon, iii., 209 note; vii., 322
note.

Boniface VIII., Pope, i., 208 note; his
Sexte of the Decretals, vii., 242 note,
250 note; his quarrel with Philip,
iv., 252 sq.; institutes jubilee, 256
sq.; metrical history of his corona-
tion, 260 note; adds a diadem to the
papal mitre, 294 note.

Boniface IX., Pope, vii., 286; restores
mausoleum of Hadrian, 327 note.
Boniface, St., iv., 84 note.
Bonifatius, Roman charioteer, medals in
honour of, iii., 432 note.

Bonn, fortified by Julian, ii., 301 note.
Bononia, on the Danube, i., 470; Julian
at, ii., 435.

Bononia, see Bologna.

Bononia, see Gessoriacum.

Bonosus, general of Aurelian, i., 316
note; revolt of, in Gaul, 360.

Bonzes, iv., 375.

of

Bosnia, i., 24; King of, opposes the
Ottomans, vii., 34 note.
Boso of Vienne, founds kingdom
Lower Burgundy, v., 313 note.
Bosphorus, city of, siege of, by the Turks,
iv., 376 and note.

Bosphorus, kingdom of, subdued by

Trajan, i., 7; Goths in, 281 sqq.
Bosphorus, Strait of, ii., 151.
Bossuet, Universal History of, i., 32
note.

Bostra or Bosra, Julian's epistle to people
of, ii., 469 note; fairs of, v., 339

and note; siege of, by the Saracens,
444 sq.; fortifications of, ib. note.
Botaniates, see Nicephorus Botaniates.
Botany, ancient knowledge of, vi., 34.
Botheric, commandant of Thessalonica,
iii., 181 sqq.

Botrys, iv., 464 and note.
Boucher, silversmith, at Caracorum, vii.,
20 note.

Boucicault, Marshal, commands an army
against Bajazet, vii., 37 note, 39;
ransomed, 39; relieves Constanti-
nople, 43; returns to France, ib.;
Memoirs of, 37 note, 65 note.
Bouillon in the Ardennes, vi., 289.
Boulainvilliers, Count de, Life of Ma-

homet, v., 79 note, 375 note.
Boulogne, see Gessoriacum, iii., 45.
Boursa (Brusa), residence of Bajazet,
vii., 39; pillaged by Mehemmed
Sultan, 63; royal schools at, 83;
decline of, 209; see Prusa.
Bova (territory), Greek dialect spoken in,
vii., 123 note.

Bowides, Persian Dynasty of, v., 519

note; vi., 57 and note; war with
the Sultan of Gazna, 237.

Boyardo, Count, forgery of, vi., 292
note; Orlando Inamorato of, vii.,
136 note.

Brabant, Franks in, ii., 290; duchy of,
vi., 289 note.

Bracara in fourth century, iii., 364.
Bracca, i., 334 and note.

Brachophagos, battle of, between Greeks
and Genoese, vi., 536.

Braga, metropolis of the Suevi in Spain,
pillaged by Theodoric, iv., 13.
Brahmanābād, town of, taken by the
Arabs, v., 440 note.
Brahmapootra, river, vii., 54 note.
Bramante, architect, vii., 337.
Brancaleone, podesta of Rome, vii., 240
and note; death, 241; destroys

palace of Severus, 317 note; de-
molishes towers of Rome, 327.
Brandenburg, Vandals of, iv., 316 note.
Braniseba, duchy of, v., 248.
Bread, distribution of, iii., 320.
Breakspear, Nicholas (Hadrian IV.), vii.,

232.

Bregetio, on the Danube, Valentinian at,
iii., 69.

Bremen, bishopric of, v., 308; town of,
destroyed by Hungarians, vi., 149.
Brenckmann, Historia Pandectarum of,
iv., 498 note.

Brenta, Hungarian camp on the, vi.,

149.

Breones, Gallic tribe, iii., 487 and note.

mus, i., 276 note.

against her bishop, vii., 230.

Bretagne, see Armorica.

Bride-show, at the marriage of the Czar,
v., 211 note; held for Leo VI., ib.
note.

Bridges, Roman, i., 55 and note.

Bridget, St., of Sweden, vii., 293 and
note.

at, vi., 214 and note.

Brunechild, mother of Ingundis, iv., 99
and note.

Bruno, St., brother of Otto the Great, v.,
313 note.

Brunswick, house of, origin of, vi., 202
note.

Brusa, see Boursa and Prusa.

Walter de Brienne.

Brigantes, i., 22.

Britain, conquest of, i., 3; province of,
described, 22; colonies of, 40 and
note; Vandals in, 358; importance
of, 385 sq.; revolt of Carausius, 386
8qq.; Christianity in, ii., 68 note;
invaded by Picts and Scots, 422;
how peopled, iii., 42, 45 sq.; Theo-
dosius in, 47 sq.; Maximus in, 143
sq.; Stilicho recalls legions from,
265; invaded by Scots from Ireland,
286 and note; various emperors, 286
sq. and note; revolt of, 371 sq. and
note; independence of, confirmed,
372; state of, 373 sq.; cities of, 373
and note; Church and bishops, 375
and note; revolution of, iv., 155
sqq.; Saxon invasion, 156 sqq.;
Lesser Britain, 161; desolation of,
163; fabulous accounts of, 168 sq.,
Christianity introduced by Gregory,
v., 38; mentioned by Anna Comnena
[Thule], vi., 336 note; revenue of,
in thirteenth century, 424 and note;
herring fishery of, vii., 17 note;
description of, by Chalcondyles, 99
sq.; feelings of English clergy to-
wards the Popes, 240 note; eight
kingdoms in British Islands, 300
note.

Britons of France, subdued by Charle-
magne, v., 306.

Britons, state of, iv., 159 sqq.; flight of,

into Wales, 160; in Gaul, 161 note;
servitude of, 165; manners of, 167;
in Cinnamus, vi., 340 note.
Brittia, Island of, mentioned by Proco-
pius, iv., 168 and note.

Brittii, mentioned by Cinnamus, vi., 340
note.

Brivas or Brioude, burial of Avitus at, iv.,
16; taken by Theodoric, 146.
Brosses, Président de, iv., 397 note; vii.,
176 note.

Brotomagus (Brumath), battle of, ii.,
293.

Bruchion in Alexandria, i., 301.

changed to Calabria, v., 26 note.
Brutus, i., 78 note; founds consulship,
iv., 285; judgment of, 532.
Brutus the Trojan, legend of, iii., 42
note.

Bryennius, see Nicephoras.
Buat, Comte de, on German invasion of
Gaul, iii., 283 note; on destruction
of Metz, 484 and note; on defeat of
Attila, 491 note; on the Slavonians,
iv., 370 note.

Bubalia in Pannonia, birthplace of
Decius, i., 257.

Bucelin, Duke of the Alamanni, invades

Italy, iv., 448 and note; defeated
by Narses, 450; death of, 451.
Bucentaur, ship of John Palæologus II.,
vii., 110.

Buchanan, ii., 314 note; iii., 45 note.
Bucharia, province of, iii., 75 note;
Magian worship in, v., 439.
Buda, city of, ii., 281; Ladislaus at, vii.,
149.

Budæus, vii., 135.

Buffaloes introduced into Italy by the
Lombards, v., 28 and note.
Buffon, iv., 259 note; description of
Guyana by, vii., 320 note.
Bugia, city of, taken by the Saracens, v.,

494.

Bukulithos, battle of, v., 230 note.
Bulgaria, kingdom of, position of, vi.,
136 and note; first kingdom of, 139;
Greek præfect of, in first crusade,
286; relations with Nicholas I.,
384; joins the Greek Church, 385;
foundation of second kingdom of,
390-1 and note; invaded by Theo-
dore Lascaris, 478; wasted by the
Mongols, vii., 18 and note.
Bulgarians, first mention of, iv., 186

note; ethnology, 369 and note sq.;
threaten Constantinople, 372; pil-
lage Greece, ib.; threaten Constan-
tinople, 454 sq.; retire, 456; besiege
Constantinople with Justinian II.,
v., 193; approach Constantinople
in reign of Philippicus, 195 note;

besiege Constantinople in reign of
Leo V., 206 note; kingdom of, over-
thrown by Basil II., 231 sq.; assist
the Emperor Leo against the Sara-
cens, vi., 9; name of, 129 and note;
emigration of, 136; war of, with
Nicephorus, 139; defeated by Basil
II., 142; colonies of, in Hungary,
153 note; war with the empire of
Romania, 445 sqq.

Bull fight in the Colosseum, vii., 331 and
note.

Bulla, near Carthage, iv., 305, 417.
Bullets, stone, use of at Rome, vii., 328
and note.

Bundicia, death of R. Guiscard at, vi.,
216 note.

Buonaccorsi, Philip (Callimachus), on
Varna campaign, vii., 153 note.
Burcard, J., Diary of, vii., 312.
Burckhardt, on the Renaissance, vii., 136
note.

Burdigala, i., 324 note; see Bordeaux.
Burgesses, court of the, at Jerusalem, vi.,
333.

Burgundians, i., 262, 263 note; con-
quered by Probus, 354; on the Elbe,
iii., 38 and note; feud with the Ala-
manni, 39; invade Italy, 277;
invade Gaul and settle there, 369
and note; subdued by Attila on the
Rhine, 445; invade Belgium, 476;
invade Belgic provinces and settle
in Savoy, 476; join Theodoric
against the Huns, 487; betray Rome
to Genseric, iv., 5 note; conversion
of, 83; on Lake Leman, 112;
boundaries, 118; conquered by the
Franks, 120 sqq.; laws of, 132 and
note; judicial combats among, 137;
assist Odoacer, 190.
Burgundy, Duke of, opposes Bajazet
Sultan, vii., 37; pays ransom to
Bajazet, 39.
Burgundy, Duke of, uncle of Charles VI.,

vii., 96; at Council of Ferrara, 112.
Burgundy, i., 57; two provinces of, iii.,

369; kingdom of, iv., 110 note;
wars of Clovis in, 118 sqq.; final
conquest of, by the Franks, 121 sqq. ;
three Romans command in, 149;
Kingdom of Lower Burgundy, v.,
313 note; of Upper Burgundy, ib.;
vassals of, called "provincials,” vi.,
291; wines of, vii., 292 and note.
Buri, i., 253 note.

Būrji (Mamlūks), vi., 352 note, 377 note.
Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth, ii.,
28 note.

Burning glasses, iv., 258, 259 and note.

Busbequius, ambassador at court of Soli-
man, vii., 66; on slavery and rights
of war among Turks, 205 note.
Busiris in Egypt, i., 392; camp of Caliph
Merwan at, vi., 22; four places of
same name in Egypt, 22 note.
Bussorah, Nazarenes at, ii., 10 note; see
Bassora.

Bust, conquered by Subuktigin in 978
A.D., vi., 234 note.

Busta Gallorum, iv., 442 and note.
Butler, Lives of the Saints of, v., 36
note.

Buwayh, vi., 57 note.
Buwayhids, see Bowides.
Buzentinus (Bazentinus), river, course of,
diverted for burial of Alaric, iii., 351.
Buzes, colleague of Belisarius, iv., 362.
Buzurg Mihur, Persian Philosopher, v.,
46; account of, ib. note.
Bynkershoek, on Roman law, iv., 530
note.

Byrrhus, senator, i., 99.

Byssus, cloth made from pinna squa-
mosa, iv., 245 and note.
Byzacena, see Byzacium.
Byzacium, i., 189 note; Moors in, iv.,
316.

Byzantine empire, see Roman empire.
Byzantine writers, collections of, vii., 217
note.

Byzantium, besieged by Severus, i., 130;

fortifications demolished, 131 note;
taken by Maximin, 459; by Con-
stantine, 473; situation, ii., 150;
fisheries, 157 and note (see Constanti-
nople).

Byzas, ii., 150 note.

CAAB, Arab, v., 348 note.
Caaba, temple of Mecca, v., 350; plan
of, ib. note; idols of, broken, 392.
Cabades or Kobad, King of Persia, wars

with the Romans, iv., 275; restora-
tion and death, 383.

Cabul, subdued by Nushirvan, iv., 411.
Cadarigan, Persian officer, second in com-
mand, v., 95.

Cadesia, battle of, v., 431 and note;
situation of, ib. note; periods of the
battle of, 431 and note.

Cadhi, office of, vii., 36 and note.
Cadijah, wife of Mahomet, v., 357; ac-
cepts the religion of Mahomet, 375;
affection of Mahomet for, 405.
Cadiz, see Gades.
Cadmus, Mount, battle of (1147 A.D.),
vi., 343 note.

Cæcilian, Bishop of Africa, ii., 352 and
note.

41 note.

note; doctrine of, vi., 131.

Calycadnus, river, vi., 345 note.
Calydonian boar, iv., 331 and note.
Camalodunum, i., 40 note.
Camare, i., 282 and note.

Camarina, taken by the Saracens, vi.,
41 note.

Cambrai, i., 391; taken by Clodion, King

of the Franks, iii., 479; residence of
Chararieh, iv., 109 note.
Camden, iii., 42 note; iv., 160 note.
Camel, Arabian, i., 331 note, 370; v.,
337; of Chosroes, 78 and note;
use of, introduced into Sicily by the
Arabs, vi., 200 note.
Camelopardalis, i., 103 note; presented to
Timour, vii., 69.
Camenday, in the mountains of Cilicia,
vi., 246 note.

Cameniates, John, v., 220 note.
Camillus, Roman general, iv., 443 note.
Camisards of Languedoc, ii., 412 note.
Camp, Roman, i., 17.

Campania, i., 23; desolation of, ii., 205;
towns of, pillaged by the Saracens,
vi., 42.

Campania, or Champagne, iii., 488 and
note.

Camphire in Persia, v., 434; in China

and Japan, ib. note.

Campi Canini, or Valley of Bellingzone,
Alamanni defeated by Majorian in,
iv., 17 and note.
Campona, i., 470.

Campsa, fortress of, defended by the
Goths, iv., 452.

Camus, a liquor distilled from barley,
iii., 461.

Canabus, Nicholas, phantom emperor,
vi., 418 note.
Canada, i., 232.

Canals, in Europe, begun by Charle-

magne, v., 309 and note; between
Nile and Red Sea, 485 and note.

Candish, Avar ambassador, iv., 378.
Canidia of Horace, iii., 18 note.
Canighul, gardens of, vii., 70.
Caninian law, i., 346 note.

Canna, battle of, vi., 175; date of, 185
note; Normans defeat the Saracens,

186.

Cannibalism of the Crusaders, vi., 305
and note.

Cannon of Mahomet II., vii., 176 sq.
Canobin, Monastery of, residence of the

patriarch of the Maronites, v., 167.
Canoes of the Goths, iii., 134 note; v.,
80 note.

Canon Nameh of Soliman II., vii., 180
note.

Canons of the church, ii., 46; fifteenth,
of Nicæa, iii., 158.
Cantabrians, i., 21.

Cantacusino, T. Spandugino, vii., 201
note.

Cantacuzene, Demetrius, defends Con-
stantinople, vii., 199 note.
Cantacuzene, John, History of, vi., 511
and note; supports the younger
Andronicus, 513; Great Domestic,
519; regency of, ib.; despatches
letters to the provinces, 519; as-
sumes the purple, 521; flies to
Thessalonica, 521; alliance with
the Servians, ib.; victory of, 522;
reign of, 526 sq.; continues his his-
tory, ib. note; Servian expedition
of, 527; defeats John Palæologus,
527; abdication of, 528; death, ib.
note; four discourses of, ib. note;
his war with the Genoese, 533 sqq.;
his treaty with the Venetians, 535;
solicits help from the Turks, vii.,
29; his friendship with Amir, 29
note; negotiations of, with Clement
VI., 90.

Cantacuzene, Manuel, governor of Mi-
sithra, vi., 525 note.