Constantine, son of Michael VII., vi., | Constantinople, description of-contd.-
Constantine Sylvanus, vi., 117 and note; labours of, 120; death, 121.
Constantinople :- Augusteum, ii., 161 note. Baths of
Zeuxippus, ii., 407; burnt during the Nika riots, iv., 239.
Anastasia, iii., 13.
Blachernæ, ii., 159 note; bridge of the, vi., 299 note; palace of, occu- pied by Franks, 422; fortified by Heraclius, vii., 182 note.
Caligaria (quarter), vii., 182 note;
mining operations of the Turks at, 194 note.
Chain of Harbour, ii., 153 and note;
Churches of Acacius, St., ii., 408. Anastasia, St., iii., 152 and note. Conon, St., iv., 238 note. Diomede, St., v., 216; Holy Apostles, 154 note; iv., 265; rifled by the Franks, vi., 426. Irene, St., harbour chain pre- served in, vii., 181 note. John, St., iv., 361. Laurence, St., iv., 238 note. Sophia, St., burnt during the Nika riots, 239; foundation, 261; de- scription of, 262 sqq.; authorities concerning, ib. note; marbles of, 263; riches of, 264 sq.; eastern hemisphere of, falls, vii., 140 and note; inhabitants of Constantinople seek refuge in, A.D. 1453, 202; Mahomet II. in, 207 sq.; converted into a mosque, 208 and note. Virgin, iv., 361.
College, Royal, at, vi., 108.
Column of Arcadius, vi., 437 note;
(and Colossus) of Constantine, ii., 161 sq.; of Justinian, vii., 140 and note.
Description of, ii., 151 sqq.; advanta-
geous situation of, 156; foundation of, 157; extent, 158; edifices, 161; population, 163; dedication, 167; new form of government at, 168; church of, 406 sqq.; imperial court of, and its reformation by Julian, 445 sqq.; senate, 452; revolt of Procopius in, iii., 13; school founded by Valentinian I. at, 23; Athanaric's impressions of, 132; its Arianism, 150 sqq.; interest of its inhabitants in theological questions, 150; first council of, 156 sqq.; massacre of Goths at, 393 sq.; religious riots, 399 sq.; walls of, rebuilt by An- themius, 405; earthquake, 450; circus factions at, iv., 233 sqq.;
Nika riots, 239 sqq.; riots (A.D. 561), 457; revolt against Maurice, v., 65 sqq.; famine at, 80; religious war, 139 sqq.; second council of, 147; third council of, 151; icono- clast council of, 270; manners of, reformed by John Comnenus, 244; first crusaders at, vi., 300 sqq.; fire at, 417; pillage of, 422 sqq.; statues of, destroyed, 427 sqq.; libraries of, destroyed, 430; bronze horses of, taken to Venice, 429 note; walls of, restored by Michael, 495; state of the language at, vii., 120 sqq.; seclu- sion of the women of, 121 sq.; com- pared with Rome, 138 sqq.; circuit of, 185 note; repeopled and adorned by Mahomet, 209 sqq.
Forum of Constantine, ii., 162 and note. Gates of: Caligaria, vii., 182 note.
Charisii (or Charsen) or Hadrianople, 186 note, 200 note. Contoscali, ib. Phenar, 201. Romanus, 186 note; tower of, 188, 201 note, 207. Rusii (or Rhegii), ib. Selymbrie (or Peg- ana), 186 note. Xylokerkos (Kerko- porta), 182 note, 200 note, 201 note. Hebdomon or field of Mars, iii., 10 note; see below under Palaces. Hippodrome (Atmeidan), ii., 162 and note; condemned to silence after Nika riot, iv., 241; Mahomet II. in, vii., 207.
Monastery on the Bosphorus, founded by Theodora, iv., 232; of St. Conon, 238.
Mosque of Mahomet II., vii., 210. Palaces of Blachernæ, see above. Boucoleon, 422. Daphne, vi., 79 note. Hebdomon, Arabian troops disembark near, iii., 241; v., 67; vi., 3. Hereum, and gardens, iv., 266 and note. Imperial, ii., 158, 162 and note; iii., 378; restored by Justinian, iv., 265; vi., 79 sqq. and notes. Lausus, 459 note. Magnaura, ib.; school at, 109. Phiale, vi., 79 note. Sieges and attacks:
by Goths, iii., 120; by Goths under Alaric, 254; by Bulgarians under Zabergan, iv., 454; besieged by Avars, v., 81; threatened by Persians, 84; besieged by Thomas the Slavonian, 209; by Arabs, vi., 2; date of siege, ib. note; second siege, 6 sqq.; threatened by Harun al-Rashid, 36; besieged by Krum, 141; threatened by Hungarians,
Constantinople, sieges, etc.-continued-| Constantius,
150; four times by Russians, 160 brother of Constantine, i., 432 note; sqq.; by George of Sicily, 222; siege and conquest of, by the Latins, 411 sq.; siege of, by Asan and Vataces, 452 sq.; recovered by Michael Palæologus, 459 sqq.; escape of, from the Mongols, vii., 22; threatened by Holagou, 23; by Bajazet, 42; relieved by Boucicault, 43; besieged by Amurath II., 80 sq.; by Mahomet II., 181 sqq.; capture of, 199 sqq.
Constantius, secretary of Attila, iii., 458 and note.
Constitutions, of the emperors, iv.,
Sigma, semi-circular portico, vi., 79 note, 80 and note.
Skyla, a vestibule, vi., 79 note. Triclinos: of Justinian II., vi., 79 note; Chrysotriklinos, ib. 81 and note; Lausiac, 79 note.
Trikonchos, building of Theophilus, vi., 79 note, 80 note. Turbé (grave) of Abu Ayub, vii., 210 and note.
Constantius I. (Chlorus), general of Probus, i., 354; adopted by Carus, 369; made Cæsar, 381 and note; relationship to Claudius, i., 381 sq. notes; in Britain, 387, 388; in Gaul, 390; character and reign, 425 sqq.; death, 430; epitaph on, ib. note; averse to persecution, ii., 137. Constantius II., son of Constantine, ii.,
218; Cæsar and ruler of Gaul, 220; in the East, 226; receives the testa. ment of Constantine, 235; seizes Constantinople, ib.; Augustus, 237 ; Persian wars of, 210 sqq.; refuses to treat with Magnentius, 248; de- poses Vetranio, 249; makes war against Magnentius, 252; defeats him at Mursa, 253; elevates Julian, 273; visits Rome, 276 sqq.; war with the Quadi, 278 sqq.; Per- sian negotiations of, 281 sqq.; Eastern expedition of, 289; besieges Bezabde, ib.; apotheosis of, 309; adopts Arian heresy, 379, 380; reconciled with Athanasius, 391; edicts against the Catholics, 409; tolerates paganism, 416; visits temples of Rome, ib.; his fear of Julian and war against him, 419 sqq.; receives Julian's embassy, 430; death, 439.
Constantius III., general of Honorius, receives the fortune of Heraclian, iii., 358; character, 360 sq.; defeats Edobic, 361; raised to the empire of the West, 417; marries Placidia, ib.; death, 418.
480. Consularis, ii., 181. Consuls, i., 71, 73 note; under Constan-
tine, ii., 171 sqq.; in the middle ages, vii., 233 and note. Consulship under the empire, i., 73 and note; assumed by emperors in fourth and fifth centuries, 414 note; Julian's reverence for the, ii., 451; restored by Odoacer, iv., 58 and note; sup- pressed by Justinian, 285 sq.; re- sumed by Justin II., v., 2.
Conti, Roman family of, vii., 260, 331. Contracts, iv., 524 sqq. Convertisseur, ii., 476 note. Copiata, or grave-diggers, ii., 339. Coptic dialect, v., 154. Coptos, i., 353, 392.
Copts or Egyptians, heresy of, v., 156, 170; decline of, 174; submit to the Saracens, 476.
Corcyra, Totila at, iv., 438; Procopius at, ib. note; siege of, by Manuel I., v., 246; crusaders at, vi., 407; taken by Venice, 435 note.
Cordova in fourth century, iii., 364;
siege of, iv., 100; governor of, in the hands of the Saracens, v., 508; legion of Damascus at, 514; seat of the Caliphs, 516; Christians of, under Arabs, 521 and note; martyrs of, 203 and note; seat of learning, vi., 29.
Corduene, ii., 538 note. Corea, kingdom of, conquered by the Mongols, vii., 13. Corfu, see Corcyra. Corinth, i., 53; church at, ii., 43; de- stroyed by Alaric, iii., 257; walls of, restored by Justinian, iv., 269; besieged by George of Sicily, vi., 221; taken by Turks, vii., 212. Corippus, Johannis of, iv., 415 note; on Justinian, v., 1.
Corn, at Alexandria, i., 393 note; at Con- stantinople, ii., 165 sq. and note; export of, from Egypt, iv., 242. Corneille, "Attila" of, iii., 446 note; "Heraclius" of, v., 67 note.
Cornwall conquered by Athelstan, iv., 161 and note.
Coronary gold (Aurum Coronarium), ii., 211, 212 note.
Coronations, imperial, at Rome, account | Councils of-continued-
of, vii., 220 and note.
Corporations, municipal, laws of Majorian
concerning, iv., 20 sq.
Correctors, ii., 181.
Corruptibles and Incorruptibles, heresy of, v., 170.
Corsi, Roman family of, vii., 259, 332. Corsica, i., 26; bishops banished to, iv., 91; state of, 92 and note.
Corvinus, Matthew, King of Hungary, vii., 156 and note. Corvinus, see John Huniades.
Cos (Island), silk made in, iv., 244 and note.
Cosa (Kussai), ancestor of Mahomet, usurps the Caaba, v., 351 note. Cosdar, town of, taken by the Moslems, v., 440 note; see Kusdār.
Cosmas Indicopleustes, iv., 248 note, 250
note; account of the Axumites, 413 note; Christian topography of, v., 158 note.
Cosmo of Medicis, see Medicis. Cossova, battle of, vii., 34 sq.; John Huniades defeated at, 155.
Ancyra, ii., 56.
Antioch, ii., 389 and note. Ariminum, ii., 374. Arles, ii., 393.
Basil, A.D. 1431-43, vii., 105 and notes,
and sq. Chalcedon, acts of the Council of, v.,
123 and note; summoned Nestorius to appear, 128; council held, 131; faith of the, 133 sq.; ratified by Justinian, 145.
Clermont, vi., 273 sq.
Constance, v., 330 note; vii., 105, 300 sq.
Constantinople, first of, iii., 156 sq. and note; ratified by Justinian, v.,
Constantinople, second of (fifth general
council), v. 147. Constantinople, third of (sixth general council), v., 151. Constantinople (eighth general coun- cil), vi., 385 and note. Constantinople, iconoclast of, v., 269.
Ephesus, first of, v., 121; condemned Nestorius, 123; ratified by Justinian, 145.
Ephesus, second of, v., 130; persecutes Flavian, 131 sq.; character of, 131. Ferrara, A.D. 1438, vii., 112 sqq. Florence, A.D. 1438-39, vii., 112 sqq.; acts of union of the Council of, 117 note.
Frankfort, v., 298 and note, 305 note. Illiberis, ii., 56.
Lateran (A.D. 649), v., 151; (A.D. 1179), vii., 249.
Lyons, general Council of, vi., 454; Greek clergy at, 492.
Mantua (A.D. 1459), vii., 216. Milan, ii., 393, 394 note.
Nice, first of, ii., 348, 367 and note; ratified by Justinian, v., 145.
Nice, second of, v., 295.
Pisa (A.D. 1409), vii., 105 and note, 299.
Placentia, vi., 275.
Rimini, see Ariminum.
Rome (anti-Iconoclastic), convened by Gregory II., v., 280.
Sardica, ii., 389 note, 390 and note. Seleucia, ii., 373.
Sophia, St. (fictitious), vii., 142 note. Toledo, iv., 154 and note.
Councils, provincial, instituted, ii., 45. Count, Latin title, iv., 135 and note. Count of the East, ii., 180, 182 note;
military title of, 187; of the house- hold (castrensis), 194 and note; of the Sacred Largesses, 197 sq. and note; of the private estate, 198 sq. and note; of the domestics, 199 sq. Coupele, rock of, vii., 54 and note. Couroultai, or Diet of the Tartars, iii., 82 and note, 493 note.
Courtenay, lordship of, vi., 454 and note; digression on the family of, 466- 474.
Courtesy, term of Chivalry, vi., 293. Cousin, President, his translation of
Procopius, iv., 289 note; mistrans- lation in, 469 note; his translation of Cantacuzene, vi., 518 note; mis- translation of a passage in Ducas, vii., 175 note.
Cracow, city of, destroyed by the Mon- gols, vii., 16.
Craiova, Turkish forces defeated by the Prince of Wallachia at, vii., 37 note. Cral [Kral], or despot of Servia, deriva- tion of name, vi., 521 note. Cranmer, vi., 133 and note,
Cremera, i., 454 note. Cremona, pillaged by Alaric, iii., 303. Crescentius, Consul of Rome, v., 321. Crestona, city of, iv., 473 note. Crete, i., 29; archers of, at Thermopyla, 266; conquered by Nicephorus, v., 226; by the Arabs, vi., 38 sq.; Saracens of, put to death, 49 and note; recovered by Nicephorus Phocas, 60; taken by the Venetians, 435 note; bought by Venice, 435. Creyghton, Robert, his history of the union of the Greek and Latin Churches, vii., 109 note.
Crim Tartary, i., 280.
Crimea, fortifications of Justinian in, iv., 272; trade of, vi., 533. Crinitus Ulpius, i., 314. Crispinus, i., 199. Crispius Vibius, i., 89.
Crispus, son of Constantine, Cæsar, i., 466 and note; defeats the Franks and Alemanni, 469 and note; naval victory of, 473; character, ii., 219; Cæsar, 219; disgrace and death, 221.
Crispus the Patrician, son-in-law of Phocas, v., 70 and note; betrays Phocas, 71; condemned to monastic life, 72.
Cruitnich, or wheat eaters, iii., 43. Crum, Bulgarian King, v., 7 note; death, 206 note.
Crusades, first crusade, vi., 269 sqq.; justice of, 276 sq.; motives for, 278 sqq.; second and third, 337 sqq.; fourth and fifth, 370 and note; sixth, 374 sqq.; seventh, 377 sq.; account of fourth, 393 sqq.; conse- quences of the, 462 sqq. Crusius, his Turco-Græcia, vii., 211 note.
Ctesiphon or Madayn, i., 223; growth of, ib.; siege of, by Severus, 223; attacked by Zenobia, 326; taken by Carus, 366; Julian at, ii., 529 sqq.; Nushirvan at, iv., 411; Heraclius near, v., 97; Chosroes enters, 98; sack of, by the Saracens, 433 and note sq.; palace of Chosroes at, 433; decay, 434; ruins of the hall of Chosroes at, ib. note.
Cubit of the Arabians, vi., 32 note. Cublac, grandson of Zingis Khan, vii., 11 and note; conquests of, 12 sq.; prosperity under, 20; resides at Pekin, 21.
Cucusus, in Lesser Armenia, ii., 407 note; retreat of Chrysostom, iii., 401.
Cudworth, ii., 356 note, 357 note.
Critobulus, historian, vii., 167 note; 203 Cufa, insurgent Arabs of, v., 410; tomb
Croatia, i., 24; kingdom of, vi., 138;
prince of, opposes the Ottoman Turks, vii., 35 note.
Croats, of Dalmatia, vi., 138. Crocodiles, i., 370 note.
Crocus, or Erocus, i., 431 and note. Cromwell, Oliver, vii., 277 note. Cross, symbol of, adopted by Constan-
tine, ii., 318; invention of the, 481 and note; true cross removed to Persia, v., 76; recovered by Heraclius, 101; exaltation of the, ib.; sign adopted by the Crusaders, vi., 284; cross-bearers of St. Sophia, vii., 116.
Cross-bow, used by Crusaders, vi., 308 and note. Crotona, Belisarius at, iv., 434; resists Totila, 439; battle of, vi., 177. Crown of thorns, sold by Baldwin II. to
the King of France, vi., 456. Crowns, obsidional, given by Julian, ii., 528; of Greek Emperors, vi., 83 and note.
Croya, taken by Scanderbeg, vii., 158; siege of, 159. Crucifixion, date of, ii., 62.
of Ali at, 413; foundation of, 435; pillaged by the Carmathians, vi.,
Cuma, reduced by Totila, iv., 424; defended by Aligern, 448; Sibyll's cave at, ib. and note.
Cumans, Turkish tribe in Hungary, vi., 153 note; same as the Uzes, ib., 248 note; glossary of the Cuma- nian language, ib.
Cunimund, v., 5; slain by the Lombards, 7; skull of, used as drinking cup by Alboin, 13.
Curator, office of, in Rome, iv., 515. Curds, i., 405; dynasty of Curds or
Ayoubites, v., 340 note; vi., 353 sq. and notes.
Curial system, effects of, ii., 452 note. Curland, holy groves of, vi., 158 and note.
Curopalata, office of, vi., 84 and note. Cursus publicus, see Post; cursus clavu- laris, ii., 423 note.
Curubis, town of, Cyprian banished to, ii., 107.
Cusina, Moorish chief, iv., 420 note. Cuspinian, vii., 169 note.
Customs (imposts), i., 175 and note. Cutturgurians, tribes of, iv., 369 note. Cutulmish, grandson of Seljuk, vi.,
Cybele, i., 36, 98 and note; oration of Julian in honour of, ii., 461 and note. Cyclades (islands), Saracens in, v., 472. Cydnus, river, ii., 558 and note. Cydonia, in Crete, vi., 40.
Cynegius, Prætorian præfect, closes the pagan temples, iii., 206. Cynochorita, church of the Paulicians, vi., 118 note.
Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage [Thasius
Cæcilius Cyprianus], ii., 47 and note; opposes Bishop of Rome, 49; de Lapsis, 53 and note; on Epis- copal government, 56; teacher of rhetoric, 71; account of, 105 sqq.; letters, 106; flight, ib; at Curubis, 107; martyrdom, 109; festival of, iv., 303.
insurrection against Constantine, ii., 227; Hyrcanian captives sent to, v., 45; ravaged by the Saracens, 472; vi., 38; recovered by Nicephorus, 64; Assise in the Latin kingdom of, 330, 334 note; conquest of, by Richard Plantagenet, 390 and note. Cyrene, i., 28; ruined state of, ii., 344
and note; Greek colonies of, extir- pated by Chosroes, v., 77; con- founded with Cairoan of the Arabs, 496 note.
Cyriacus, of Ancona, ii., 95 note. Cyriades (Emperor), i., 291, 296. Cyril of Alexandria, answers Julian, ii.,
468 and note; account of, v., 114; made patriarch, ib.; tyranny of, 115; allows Hypatia to be murdered, 117 and note; at the first Council of Ephesus, 122 sqq.; degraded by the Oriental bishops, 124; is recon- ciled to John of Antioch, 125. Cyril of Jerusalem, ii., 380 and note; character of, 482 and note. Cyrila, Arian bishop, at conference of
Carthage, iv., 91; his ignorance of Latin, 94 note.
Cyrizus, station of, v., 218 note. Cyrrhus, Bishop of, iii., 409 note; iv.,
184 note; diocese of, vi., 116 note. Cyrus the Great, eunuchs of, ii., 261
note; capture of Babylon by, vii., 202 note.
Cyrus, nephew of Solomon, iv., 419. Cyrus, Prætorian præfect, disgrace of, iii., 411.
scription of, 25; inroads of the Goths into, 262, 264; lost to the Goths, 280 note; given by Aurelian to the Goths, 316; invaded by Cris- pus, 470; given to the Eastern Empire, iii., 125; subdued by Ar- daric, King of the Gepidæ, 502; desolation of, iv., 190; two pro- vinces of, 267 note.
Dacians, driven from Upper Hungary by the Sarmatians, ii., 229. Dadastana, iii., 5 and note. Demons, ii., 16, 17. Dagalaiphus, officer of Julian, ii., 435; in Persia, 519; at Maogamalcha, 525; faction of, at death of Julian, 545; address to Valentinian I., iii., 9; consulate of, 35 note. Daghestan, iv., 278. Dagisteus, general of Justinian, com- mands on the Euxine against the Persians, iv., 405; commands the Huns against the Totila, 441. Dagobert, founded the Church of St. Denys, iii., 355 note; v., 306. Daher, Indian chief, conquered by the Moslems, v., 440 note.
Dahes and Gabrah, war of, v., 345 notc.
Daibal, capture of, by Mohammad ibn Kāsim, v., 440 note. Daimbert, Archbishop of Pisa, made Patriarch of Jerusalem, vi., 326 and note.
Dakiki, Persian writer, iv., 387 note. Dalmatia, description of, i., 24; subdued
by the Romans, 121; won by Con- stantius, ii., 256; ceded to the Eastern Empire, iii., 421; occupied by Marcellinus, iv., 28; iron mines of, 192; crusaders in, vi., 296. Dalmatian legionaries, destroyed by the Goths, iii., 331.
Dalmatinus, Juvencus Cælius Calanus, life of Attila, iii., 440 note. Dalmatius, nephew of Constantine, ii., 218; made Cæsar, 225; character of, 235 note; murder of, 236. Dalmatius the abbot, v., 126 and note.
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