at Antioch, 312; piety of, 315; at siege of Jerusalem, 322 sqq.; de- fender and baron of Holy Sepulchre, 312; death of, 326; assize of Jeru- salem ascribed to, 329.
Godfrey of Viterbo, Pantheon of, v., 321 note.
Godigisclus, King of the Vandals, iii., 284.
Gog and Magog, imaginary wall of, iv., 278 note.
Goguet, author of Origines des Loix et des Arts, iv., 243 note. Goisvintha, wife of Leovegild, iv., 99 and note.
Gold and silver, proportion between, i., 60 and note; in Arabia, v., 335 and note.
Gold of affliction, tribute levied on the poor, iv., 251 and note. Golden Bull, v., 329 and note. Golden-footed Dame, leader of female crusaders, vi., 340.
Golden Horde, kingdom of, vii., 50 and note.
Golden Horn, ii., 152.
Golden Mountains, see Caf.
Golden spears, army of Chosroes II., v., 91.
Goletta, entrance to lake of Tunis, iv., 304; Spaniards in the fortress of, V., 498.
Gonderic, prince of the Vandals, iii., 424.
Gondi Sapor, academy of physic at, iv., 387 and note. Gonfalonier, vii., 297.
Gonfanon, Imperial, vi., 420 and note. Gongylus, General, vi., 60 note. Gontharis, iv., 418 and note. Gontran, King of Burgundy, invades Septimania, iv., 151 sq. Gordian, father of Gregory the Great, V., 35.
Gordian I., Proconsul of Africa, i., 189; elevation and character, ib.; reigns
with his son, 190 sqq.; defeat and death of, 194 and note. Gordian II., i., 190 sqq. Gordian III., declared Cæsar, i., 196;
emperor, 204 and note; Persian war, 205; death, 206. Gorgo, or Carizme, iii., 92. Gorgona, isle of, iii., 248 note. Gorgonius, eunuch, protects the Chris- tians, ii., 125. Gospels, ii., 60 sq. and note.
Goths, earliest mention of, i., 242 note;
war of, with Decius, 258, 264
origin, religion and institutions of, 258 sqq.; emigrations of, 261 sqq. ; invade Roman provinces, 264; ob- tain tribute from Gallus, 270; con- quests of, in third century, 280 sqq.; attempt Thessalonica, 286 note, 309; invade Illyricum, 469; invade Moesia, ii., 230 sqq.; assist revolt of Procopius, iii., 62 sq.; war with Valens, 63 sqq.; driven by the Huns into Western provinces, 73; implore protection of Valens, 98; settled in Thrace, 99 sqq.; converted to Chris- tianity, iv., 81 sqq.; settlement of, in Crimea, 272 and note; said to have invoked dæmons to find trea- sure, vii., 334 note.
Ostrogoths [Gruthungi], name of, i., 262 and note; war of, with Huns, iii., 96 sq.; defeat of, by Gratian, 133 sqq.; oppose Claudius, i., 309 note; desolate Asia Minor under Tribigild, 387 sqq.; conquered by Attila, 446; revolt against Huns, 502; settle in Pannonia, ib.; em- brace Christianity, iv., 83 sq.; in- vade Illyricum and Thrace, 184 sqq.; state of, in first years of Theodoric, 184 note; march to Italy, 190 sqq.; condition of, in Italy, 194 sq.; threatened by Belisarius, 320; dis- sensions of, under Amalasontha, 332 sqq.; besiege Rome, 333 sqq.; raise the siege, 346; evacuate Pan- nonia, 366; revolt of, in Italy, 421 sqq.; besiege Rome, 427 sqq.; enter Rome, 430; lose Rome, 433; re- take Rome, 436; kingdom of, de- stroyed by Narses, 452.
Visigoths [Thervingi], name of, i., 262 and note; conquered by Her- manric, iii., 60; war of, with Huns, 95; revolt of, in Moesia, 103; win battle of Hadrianople, 117; siege of Hadrianople by, 119 sq.; at Constantinople, 120; ravage the provinces, 121 sqq.; massacre of, in Asia, 122 sq.; division, defeat and submission of, 130 sqq.; revolt of, after death of Theodosius I., 253 sqq.; ravage Greece, 255 sqq.; invade Italy, 262 sqq.; join Rada- gaisus, 277; besiege Rome, 326 sqq.; second siege by, 334 sq.; third siege and sack by, 339 sq.; character of, 340; occupy Italy, 348; march into Gaul, 351 sq.; in Spain, 366 sqq.; win permanent dominion in Gaul, 369; moderation of, 371 sq.; besiege Narbonne, 476 sq.; con-
quered by Majorian, iv., 23 note, 24 Greek Church, union with the Latin
note; conversion of, from Arianism, 99; Theodoric protects, in Spain, 127; code of, 133 note, 154 sq., 155 note; history of, in Spain, 152 note; of Gaul, assist Theodoric, 191; ex- pedition to Africa under Theudes, 319; lose part of Spain to Justinian, 319; join John the Præfect against the Arabs, v., 498 and note.
Gotones, see Goths.
Governolo, iii., 499 note. Gozelo, Duke, vi., 289 note. Gozz, Oriental name for the Uzi, q.v. Gracchi, family of the, conversion of, iii., 205.
Grado, Isle of, iii., 497; v., 11 and note. Grammar, teaching of, in the empire, iii., 23.
Grampian Hills, i., 4 and note.
Gran, German colony at, attacked by Tartars, vii., 17.
Granaries, public, i., 133 note.
Grand Signor, name of Turkish Sultans, vii., 210.
Grant, see Johannes Grant.
Graphia aurea urbis Romæ, vii., 236
Grassé, palace of Vandal kings, iv., 300. Grasses, artificial, i., 58.
Gratian, Count, father of Valentinian, iii., 7.
Gratian, declared emperor by the British
legions, iii., 287. Gratian, son of Valentinian I., Emperor, passes the Rhine, iii., 36; reign, 69 sq.; made Augustus, 70; marries Constantia, 70; accepts Valentinian II. as colleague, 71; victory over the Alemanni, 111 sq.; associates Theodosius, 124; character, 140 sqq.; flight and death, 144 sq., 145 note; friendship with Ambrose, 164; abolished pagan ceremonies, 200. Gratianopolis, in region of Chalkidike, vi., 525 note.
Gratianus, magister militum, vi., 43 note. Gratus, Bishop of Carthage, ii., 410 note. Gray, Thomas, on the Nile, v., 486 note. Greaves, on Roman coinage, iv., 20 note. Greaves, traveller, on the Seraglio, vii., 84 note.
Greece, Christianity in, ii., 61; cities
of, restored by Julian, 452 sq.; invaded by Goths, iii., 131 note; plundered by Alaric, 255 sqq.; coast of, attacked by Totila, iv., 438; Albanian invasion of, vi., 527 note; conquests of Bajazet in, vii., 36. See Greeks.
Church, v., 153; discord with the Latin, vi., 381 sqq.; reunion, 491; dissolution of, 495; Council of Florence, vii., 112 sq.; acts of union, 117 sq. and note; new schism, 141 8q.; under Turkish rule, 210 and notes.
Greek (or Eastern) Empire, divided from Western, iii., 11; Gothic Settlement in, 100 sqq., 135; invaded by Huns, etc., 110; Dacia and Macedonia added to, 125; boundaries under Arcadius, 228 sq.; increasing division from the Western Empire, 243; in- vaded by Alaric, 256 sq.; general view of, 378 sq.; laws declared separate, 421; attacked by Huns, 448 sq.; treaty with Attila, 455; extent and products of, under Jus- tinian, iv., 242 sqq.; revenue of, 250 sq.; fortifications of, 266 sqq.; mili- tary weakness of, 365; invaded by Bulgarians, 371; invaded by Per- sians, 392; decline of, 415 sq.; invaded by Chosroes, v., 72 sqq.; history, A.D. 641-1204, 185 sqq.; in- vaded by Saracens, 442 sqq.; state of, in tenth century, vi., 71 sqq.; manufactures of, 75; revenue, 77; revival of Greek learning in, 108 sqq.; decay of taste in, 112 sq.; want of emulation in, 113 sq.; Russian attacks on, 160 sqq.; Norman attack on, 221 sq.; taken by the Latins, 411 sqq.; recovered by the Greeks, 457 sq.; provinces of (14th cent.), 524 sq. note; fall of, vii., 166 sqq. Greek fire, vi., 10 and note, 98. Greek language, i., 41; scientific idiom, 43; modern pronunciation, vi., 304 note; vii., 131 and note; state of, in fourteenth century, 120 sq.; loanwords in, ib. note.
Greek learning, revival of, vi., 108 sqq. ; in Italy, vii., 122 sqq.
Greeks, return of, from Troy, iv., 297
and note; flight of, from Egypt, v., 478; navy of, vi., 95 sq.; their hatred of the Latins, 381 sq., 386 sqq.; massacre the Latins, 388, 441; quarrel of, with Latins in Con- stantinople, 416; revolt of, 1204 A.D., 437 sqq.; knowledge of the, vii., 98. See Greece.
Green faction of the Hippodrome, iv., 234 sqq.
Gregorian chant, see Gregory the Great.
Gregorian code, iv., 482 and note.
Gregorius Catinensis, Chronicon Far-
fense of, v., 293 note. Gregory, of Agrigentum, Life of, v., 502 note.
Gregory, Archbishop of Alexandria, ii., 389.
Gregory Bar Hebræus, see Abulpha- ragius.
Gregory, Bishop of Hadrianople, vi., 489.
Gregory, Bishop of Langres, iv., 146 and note.
Gregory I., the Great (Pope), on miracle of Tipasa, iv., 98 and note; con- sulted by Recared, 102; papal nuncio, v., 22; his aversion to classi- cal monuments, 34 and note; birth and history, 35 sqq.; Lives of, ib. note; founds monasteries, 36 and note; pontificate of, 37 sqq.; Gre- gorian chant, ib. note; his mission- aries in Britain, 38; temporal government of, 39 sq.; alms of, 39; saves Rome, 41.
Gregory II., Pope, v., 271 note; cham- pion of image worship, 274; letters of, 275 and note; convenes synod at Rome, 279.
Gregory III., Pope, champions image worship, v., 280.
Gregory IV., Pope, demolishes the
episcopal city of Ostia, iii., 335. Gregory VII. [Hildebrand], reforms the papacy, v., 319; letters of, 520 and note; Lives of, vi., 212 note; be- sieged by the Emperor Henry III., 212; his design for a crusade, 271 sq.; virtues of, vii., 222; founds the papal monarchy, 225; death, ib. Gregory IX., Pope, excommunicates Frederic II., vi., 372. Gregory X., Pope, urges union of Greek and Latin Churches, vi., 491, 492; mediation of, between Charles of Anjou and Michael VIII., 497; in- stitutes the conclave, vii., 250 and note. Gregory XI., Pope, supported by Viterbo, vii., 248 note; his return from Avignon, 293 and note; death of, 294.
Gregory XII., Pope, documents concern- ing, vii., 294 note; accession of, 296, 298 sqq.; abdicates, 300. Gregory XIII., Pope, vii., 304. Gregory of Cyprus, vi., 493 note. Gregory, Illuminator, ii., 68 note;
apostle of Armenia, iii., 415 note. Gregory, lieutenant of the exarch Herac- lius, v., 71.
Gregory Nazianzen, i., 401 note; at Athens with Julian, ii., 271 note; eloquence of, 347; supports Nicene doctrine, 369; on religious sects, 413; on Julian's elevation, 426 note; calumniates Julian, 439 note; op- poses Julian, 457 and note; account of earthquake at Jerusalem, 485; account of, iii., 151 sqq.; birth, ib. note; his mission to Constantinople, 152 sq.; poem on his life, ib. note; Archbishop of Constantinople, 154 sq.; retreat of, 158; orations of, ib. note; death, 159; opposes Apolli- naris, v., 113.
Gregory, nephew of Heraclius, v., 492 note.
Gregory of Nyssa, ii., 61 note. Gregory, Patriarch of Constantinople, A.D. 1452, vii., 183.
Gregory, præfect of Africa, v., 490; revolts against Constans, ib. note; daughter of, 490; death, 491; fate of his daughter, 492 note. Gregory Thaumaturgus, i., 283 note; miracles of, vi., 121 and note. Gregory of Tours, translates the legend of the Seven Sleepers, iii., 438; his account of Julian the Martyr, iv., 15 note; on death of Apollinaris, 126; on siege of Angoulême, 127 note; family of, 148 note. Grenada, given to ten thousand Syrians, V., 515; suppression of Christians in, 521 and note.
Grenoble (Gratianopolis), iii., 476 note. Grethungi, oppose Claudius, i., 309 note. See Goths.
Gretser, on images, v., 26€ note. Grigori Presbyter, vi., 140 note. Grimoald, Duke of Beneventum, v., 307. Grocyn, vii., 135 note. Gronovius, James, ii., 289 note. Grotius, ii., 148; on political system of
the Christians, 313 note; on royal succession, iii., 420 note; on king- dom of the Visigoths, iv., 107 note; De Jure Belli, 353 note; on origin of the Lombards, 367 note. Grubenhagen, principality of, vi., 517 note; silver mines of, ib. note. Grumbates, King of the Chionites, ii.,
Gruter's Inscriptions, i., 73 note. Gruthungi, or Ostrogoths, defeat of, by Gratian, iii., 133 sqq.; subject to Attila, 446. See Goths. Gualterius Cancellarius, his History of Principality of Antioch, vi., 327 note.
Guardians, and wards, Roman law of, Gustavus Adolphus, attempts to form regiment of Laplanders, vi., 146 note.
Gubazes, King of Lazica, iv., 404; allied himself with Nushirvan, ib.; his war against Persia, 405 sq.; religion of, 408; his death, 409. Gudeman, Professor, i., 4 note. Gudmarson, Ulf, vii., 293 note. Guelfs and Ghibelines, factions of, v., 324; vii., 225, 263 and note. Guénée, Abbé, on Palestine, iii., 412 note.
Guérard, on Capistrano, vii., 156 note. Guibert, historian of the crusades, vi., 276 note, 300 and note. Guicciardini, history of, iii., 347 note; vii., 308 note.
Guido, Bernard, author of Lives of Popes, vii., 225 note. Guidobonus, Antonius, on Scanderbeg, vii., 160 note.
Guignes, de, History of the Huns, iii.,
78 note; on the Edrisites, vi., 54 note; on Zingis Khan, vii., 7 note; on the Ottoman dynasty, 23 note. Guiscard, Robert, defeats Leo IX., vi., 190; birth and character, 191 sqq.; Duke of Apulia, 194; invades the Eastern Empire, 201 sq.; at Otran- to, 203; victory at Durazzo, 207; delivers Pope Gregory VII., 213; second expedition into Greece, 214; death, 216.
Gundamund, King of the African Van-
dals persecutes the Orthodox party, iv., 89
Gundelinda, wife of Theodatus, epistles
of, iv., 325 note. Gundobald, Burgundian prince and
nephew of Ricimer, iv., 49; acquired kingdom of Burgundy, 50 note; convenes an assembly of bishops at Lyons, 119; defeated by Clovis, 120; murders Godegesil, ib.; establishes judicial combat, 137 note. Gunpowder, used by the Chinese, iii., 494 note; vii., 12; invention of, 85 sq.
Guns, introduction of, into India, vi., 235 note.
Gunther, prior, his history of the Ger- man crusade, vi., 401 note; his Ligurinus, vii., 229 note. Guntiarius, King of the Burgundians, iii., 362.
Gür Khans, vii., 9 note.
Gustavsburg, or Lupudunum, fortress repaired by Julian, ii., 300 and note.
Guy I., First Duke of Athens, vi., 505 note.
Guy II., Duke of Athens, vi., 505 note. Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, vi., 357; imprisoned, 359; release, 363; receives Cyprus, 390. Guy of Spoleto, relieves Rome, vi., 42 note.
Guy Pallavicini, granted land by Boniface of Montferrat, vi., 436 note. Guyana, description of, by Buffon, vii., 320 note.
Guzarat, kingdom of, conquered by Mahmud, vi., 235.
Gwent, spearmen of, iv., 168. Gyarus, Isle of, i., 174. Gyllius, ii., 151 note; on equestrian statue of Justinian, vii., 140 note.
HADRIAN I. (Pope), condemns Icono- clasts, v., 299; pontificate of, 300;
allows Charlemagne to despoil Ra- venna, vii., 323 note.
Hadrian IV. (Pope), vii., 232 and note. Hadrian, Prætorian præfect, iii., 298 and note.
Hadrian (Emperor), resigns eastern con- quests of Trajan, i., 8; character of, 8; pacific system of, 9; rebellion of Jews under, ib. note; encouraged military exercises, 13; monuments of, 48; adoption of, 82 and note; character, ib.; adopts Verus, 83, 115 note; makes Trebizond & port, 283; letter of, 301 note; at Daphne, ii., 492 note; his Athenian library, iv., 281; mausoleum of, 337 and note; establishes Perpetual Edict, 479 and note; builds Pantheon at Rome, vii., 322 note.
Hadrian Comnenus, v., 239. Hadrianople, battle of, i., 472, 473;
Gallus at, ii., 267, 268 note; siege of, by the Goths, iii., 106; Valens defeated at, 117 sq.; siege of, 119 sq.; siege of, by the Avars, v., 60; by the Latins, vi., 442; younger Andronicus erects his standard at, 513; siege of, raised by the Bul- garians, 521; residence of Murad Sultan, vii., 33 and note; taken by Amurath II., 79; royal school at, 83; saved by Amurath II., 146; palace of Mahomet II. at, 174; Phrantzes at, 204; Mahomet at, A.D. 1453, 209; becomes a provin- cial town, ib.
Hadrumetum, see Adrumetum. Hæmimontus, province of, iii., 116 note.
Hamus, Mount, retreat of the Goths to, i., 312.
Hafsa, daughter of Omar and wife of Mahomet, v., 404.
Hainault, province of, ii., 208 note. Haiton, the Armenian, Tartar History
of, vi., 260 note; vii., 6 note. Hakem (Hakim), Fatimid Caliph of Egypt, vi., 264; sacrilege of, 265; date of, 265 note.
Halberstadt, bishopric of, v., 308. Halicz, Andronicus at, v., 250. Halys, river, Heraclius on, v., 86. Hamadanites (Hamdanids), Saracen dynasty of, vi., 57 and note, 62. Hamadhan, subdued by the Moslems, v., 436 note; Bowides at, 519 note; vi., 243.
Hamscheu, Chinese royal residence, vii., 12.
Hamyarites, Arabian tribe of, v., 461 note.
Hamza, uncle of Mahomet, conversion of, v., 376; death, 386. Han, dynasty of, iii., 88. Hanbal, Ahmad Ibn, vi., 58 note. Hanbal, sect of, vi., 58.
Hanifs, follow Mosailama, v., 424. Hannibal, i., 362 note; passage of, over
the Alps, 449 and note; before Rome, iii., 304 sq.; camp of, at Mount Garganus, iv., 432 and note; introduces his ships into the har- bour of Tarentum, vii., 193 note. Hannibalianus, brother of Constantine, ii., 218 and note. Hannibalianus, nephew of Constantine,
ii., 218; Cæsar, 225; Nobilissimus, ib.; bore the title of King, ib.; lived at Cæsarea, 226; his kingdom, ib.; death, 236.
Hanseatic League, iv., 177; v., 327. Hapsburg, counts of, succeed to the empire, v., 328.
Harald Hardrada, in Sicily, vi., 184 note. Haran, Temple of the Moon at, v., 353. Harbii, proscribed sects of, v., 516 note. Hardouin, Père, on the Eneid, ii., 49 note.
Harris, Mr., Philological Arrangements of, vi., 111 note.
Harris, Mr., of Salisbury, vi., 427 note, 428 note.
Harte, Mr., Essays on Agriculture, i., 58 note; History of Gustavus Adol- phus, iii., 121 note.
Hart, ford of the, crossed by Clovis, iv., 125.
Harun al-Rashid, his presents to Charle- magne, v., 310 and note; wars with the Romans, vi., 35 sq.; ally of Charlemagne, 36, 263. Haruspices, Tuscan, iii., 25. Hasan, Governor of Egypt, v., 497; de- feated by the Moors, 499.
Hasan, Hamdanid, vi., 56 note. Hasan, son of Ali, v., 411; retires to ascetic life, 414; one of the twelve Imams, 417; marries daughter of Yezdegerd, 439 note.
Hasan, the Jani zary, at siege of Con- stantinople, vii., 200.
Hashem (Hishām), Caliph, v., 514; vi.,
Hashemites, family of Mahomet, v., 350; refuse to acknowledge Abu- bekr, 407.
Hatem (Hatim), Arab, v., 348. Hatfield, synod of, held by Theodore, Bishop of Britain, v., 153 note. Hatra or Atra (Al Hadr), i., 206 note; site of, ii., 552 note. Hauteville, Castle of, seat of Tancred, vi., 192.
Hauteville, John de, monk of St. Albans, ii., 425 note.
Hawking among the Normans, vi., 187 and note.
Hawks, in possession of Bajazet, Sultan, vii., 40 note. Hawkwood, John, English mercenary, vii., 92 sq.; his name, ib. note. Hayton, on the Mongols, vii., 23 note. Hebal, statue of, v., 351. Hebdomon, see Constantinople. Hebron, principality of, vi., 331 note. Hebrus, i., 472.
Hegira [Hijra], æra of, v., 379 and note. Hehn, v., i., 57 note.
Heineccius, on civil law, iii., 386 note; iv., 471 note, 479 note.
Hardt, historian, on the Council of Hejaz, province of, v., 335.
Constance, vii., 105 note.
Harmatius, iv., 185.
Harmozan, satrap of Ahwaz and Susa, surrenders to Othman, v., 437.
Harpies, ii., 151 note.
Helena, city of, ii., 247 and note. Helena, consort of Constantine Por- phyrogenitus, v., 224; assumes ad- ministration, ib.
Helena, daughter of Eudda, iii., 144 note.
Harris, James, Commentary on Aris- Helena, daughter of Licinius, ii., 222
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