at Antioch, 312; piety of, 315; at
siege of Jerusalem, 322 sqq.; de-
fender and baron of Holy Sepulchre,
312; death of, 326; assize of Jeru-
salem ascribed to, 329.

Godfrey of Viterbo, Pantheon of, v., 321
note.

Godigisclus, King of the Vandals, iii.,
284.

Gog and Magog, imaginary wall of, iv.,
278 note.

Goguet, author of Origines des Loix et
des Arts, iv., 243 note.
Goisvintha, wife of Leovegild, iv., 99
and note.

Gold and silver, proportion between, i.,
60 and note; in Arabia, v., 335 and
note.

Gold of affliction, tribute levied on the
poor, iv., 251 and note.
Golden Bull, v., 329 and note.
Golden-footed Dame, leader of female
crusaders, vi., 340.

Golden Horde, kingdom of, vii., 50 and
note.

Golden Horn, ii., 152.

Golden Mountains, see Caf.

Golden spears, army of Chosroes II., v.,
91.

Goletta, entrance to lake of Tunis, iv.,
304; Spaniards in the fortress of,
V., 498.

Gom, iv., 398.

Gonderic, prince of the Vandals, iii.,
424.

Gondi Sapor, academy of physic at, iv.,
387 and note.
Gonfalonier, vii., 297.

Gonfanon, Imperial, vi., 420 and note.
Gongylus, General, vi., 60 note.
Gontharis, iv., 418 and note.
Gontran, King of Burgundy, invades
Septimania, iv., 151 sq.
Gordian, father of Gregory the Great,
V., 35.

Gordian I., Proconsul of Africa, i., 189;
elevation and character, ib.; reigns

with his son, 190 sqq.; defeat and
death of, 194 and note.
Gordian II., i., 190 sqq.
Gordian III., declared Cæsar, i., 196;

emperor, 204 and note; Persian
war, 205; death, 206.
Gorgo, or Carizme, iii., 92.
Gorgona, isle of, iii., 248 note.
Gorgonius, eunuch, protects the Chris-
tians, ii., 125.
Gospels, ii., 60 sq. and note.

Goths, earliest mention of, i., 242 note;

war of, with Decius, 258, 264

origin, religion and institutions of,
258 sqq.; emigrations of, 261 sqq. ;
invade Roman provinces, 264; ob-
tain tribute from Gallus, 270; con-
quests of, in third century, 280 sqq.;
attempt Thessalonica, 286 note,
309; invade Illyricum, 469; invade
Moesia, ii., 230 sqq.; assist revolt
of Procopius, iii., 62 sq.; war with
Valens, 63 sqq.; driven by the Huns
into Western provinces, 73; implore
protection of Valens, 98; settled in
Thrace, 99 sqq.; converted to Chris-
tianity, iv., 81 sqq.; settlement of,
in Crimea, 272 and note; said to
have invoked dæmons to find trea-
sure, vii., 334 note.

Ostrogoths [Gruthungi], name of, i.,
262 and note; war of, with Huns,
iii., 96 sq.; defeat of, by Gratian,
133 sqq.; oppose Claudius, i., 309
note; desolate Asia Minor under
Tribigild, 387 sqq.; conquered by
Attila, 446; revolt against Huns,
502; settle in Pannonia, ib.; em-
brace Christianity, iv., 83 sq.; in-
vade Illyricum and Thrace, 184 sqq.;
state of, in first years of Theodoric,
184 note; march to Italy, 190 sqq.;
condition of, in Italy, 194 sq.;
threatened by Belisarius, 320; dis-
sensions of, under Amalasontha,
332 sqq.; besiege Rome, 333 sqq.;
raise the siege, 346; evacuate Pan-
nonia, 366; revolt of, in Italy, 421
sqq.; besiege Rome, 427 sqq.; enter
Rome, 430; lose Rome, 433; re-
take Rome, 436; kingdom of, de-
stroyed by Narses, 452.

Visigoths [Thervingi], name of, i.,
262 and note; conquered by Her-
manric, iii., 60; war of, with Huns,
95; revolt of, in Moesia, 103; win
battle of Hadrianople, 117; siege
of Hadrianople by, 119 sq.; at
Constantinople, 120; ravage the
provinces, 121 sqq.; massacre of,
in Asia, 122 sq.; division, defeat
and submission of, 130 sqq.; revolt
of, after death of Theodosius I.,
253 sqq.; ravage Greece, 255 sqq.;
invade Italy, 262 sqq.; join Rada-
gaisus, 277; besiege Rome, 326 sqq.;
second siege by, 334 sq.; third
siege and sack by, 339 sq.; character
of, 340; occupy Italy, 348; march
into Gaul, 351 sq.; in Spain, 366
sqq.; win permanent dominion in
Gaul, 369; moderation of, 371 sq.;
besiege Narbonne, 476 sq.; con-

note; conversion of, from Arianism,
99; Theodoric protects, in Spain,
127; code of, 133 note, 154 sq., 155
note; history of, in Spain, 152 note;
of Gaul, assist Theodoric, 191; ex-
pedition to Africa under Theudes,
319; lose part of Spain to Justinian,
319; join John the Præfect against
the Arabs, v., 498 and note.

Gotones, see Goths.

Governolo, iii., 499 note.
Gozelo, Duke, vi., 289 note.
Gozz, Oriental name for the Uzi, q.v.
Gracchi, family of the, conversion of,
iii., 205.

Grado, Isle of, iii., 497; v., 11 and note.
Grammar, teaching of, in the empire,
iii., 23.

Grampian Hills, i., 4 and note.

Gran, German colony at, attacked by
Tartars, vii., 17.

Granaries, public, i., 133 note.

Grand Signor, name of Turkish Sultans,
vii., 210.

Grant, see Johannes Grant.

Graphia aurea urbis Romæ, vii., 236

note, 316 note.

Grassé, palace of Vandal kings, iv., 300.
Grasses, artificial, i., 58.

Gratian, Count, father of Valentinian,
iii., 7.

Gratian, declared emperor by the British

legions, iii., 287.
Gratian, son of Valentinian I., Emperor,
passes the Rhine, iii., 36; reign, 69
sq.; made Augustus, 70; marries
Constantia, 70; accepts Valentinian
II. as colleague, 71; victory over
the Alemanni, 111 sq.; associates
Theodosius, 124; character, 140
sqq.; flight and death, 144 sq.,
145
note; friendship with Ambrose, 164;
abolished pagan ceremonies, 200.
Gratianopolis, in region of Chalkidike,
vi., 525 note.

Gratianus, magister militum, vi., 43 note.
Gratus, Bishop of Carthage, ii., 410 note.
Gray, Thomas, on the Nile, v., 486 note.
Greaves, on Roman coinage, iv., 20 note.
Greaves, traveller, on the Seraglio, vii.,
84 note.

Greece, Christianity in, ii., 61; cities

of, restored by Julian, 452 sq.;
invaded by Goths, iii., 131 note;
plundered by Alaric, 255 sqq.;
coast of, attacked by Totila, iv.,
438; Albanian invasion of, vi., 527
note; conquests of Bajazet in, vii.,
36. See Greeks.

Church, v., 153; discord with the
Latin, vi., 381 sqq.; reunion, 491;
dissolution of, 495; Council of
Florence, vii., 112 sq.; acts of union,
117 sq. and note; new schism, 141
8q.; under Turkish rule, 210 and
notes.

Greek (or Eastern) Empire, divided from
Western, iii., 11; Gothic Settlement
in, 100 sqq., 135; invaded by Huns,
etc., 110; Dacia and Macedonia
added to, 125; boundaries under
Arcadius, 228 sq.; increasing division
from the Western Empire, 243; in-
vaded by Alaric, 256 sq.; general
view of, 378 sq.; laws declared
separate, 421; attacked by Huns,
448 sq.; treaty with Attila, 455;
extent and products of, under Jus-
tinian, iv., 242 sqq.; revenue of, 250
sq.; fortifications of, 266 sqq.; mili-
tary weakness of, 365; invaded by
Bulgarians, 371; invaded by Per-
sians, 392; decline of, 415 sq.;
invaded by Chosroes, v., 72 sqq.;
history, A.D. 641-1204, 185 sqq.; in-
vaded by Saracens, 442 sqq.; state
of, in tenth century, vi., 71 sqq.;
manufactures of, 75; revenue, 77;
revival of Greek learning in, 108 sqq.;
decay of taste in, 112 sq.; want of
emulation in, 113 sq.; Russian
attacks on, 160 sqq.; Norman attack
on, 221 sq.; taken by the Latins,
411 sqq.; recovered by the Greeks,
457 sq.; provinces of (14th cent.),
524 sq. note; fall of, vii., 166 sqq.
Greek fire, vi., 10 and note, 98.
Greek language, i., 41; scientific idiom,
43; modern pronunciation, vi., 304
note; vii., 131 and note; state of,
in fourteenth century, 120 sq.;
loanwords in, ib. note.

Greek learning, revival of, vi., 108 sqq. ;
in Italy, vii., 122 sqq.

Greeks, return of, from Troy, iv., 297

and note; flight of, from Egypt, v.,
478; navy of, vi., 95 sq.; their
hatred of the Latins, 381 sq., 386
sqq.; massacre the Latins, 388,
441; quarrel of, with Latins in Con-
stantinople, 416; revolt of, 1204
A.D., 437 sqq.; knowledge of the,
vii., 98. See Greece.

Green faction of the Hippodrome, iv.,
234 sqq.

Gregorian chant, see Gregory the
Great.

Gregorian code, iv., 482 and note.

Gregorius Catinensis, Chronicon Far-

fense of, v., 293 note.
Gregory, of Agrigentum, Life of, v., 502
note.

Gregory, Archbishop of Alexandria, ii.,
389.

Gregory Bar Hebræus, see Abulpha-
ragius.

Gregory, Bishop of Hadrianople, vi.,
489.

Gregory, Bishop of Langres, iv., 146 and
note.

Gregory I., the Great (Pope), on miracle
of Tipasa, iv., 98 and note; con-
sulted by Recared, 102; papal
nuncio, v., 22; his aversion to classi-
cal monuments, 34 and note; birth
and history, 35 sqq.; Lives of, ib.
note; founds monasteries, 36 and
note; pontificate of, 37 sqq.; Gre-
gorian chant, ib. note; his mission-
aries in Britain, 38; temporal
government of, 39 sq.; alms of, 39;
saves Rome, 41.

Gregory II., Pope, v., 271 note; cham-
pion of image worship, 274; letters
of, 275 and note; convenes synod at
Rome, 279.

Gregory III., Pope, champions image
worship, v., 280.

Gregory IV., Pope, demolishes the

episcopal city of Ostia, iii., 335.
Gregory VII. [Hildebrand], reforms the
papacy, v., 319; letters of, 520 and
note; Lives of, vi., 212 note; be-
sieged by the Emperor Henry III.,
212; his design for a crusade, 271
sq.; virtues of, vii., 222; founds the
papal monarchy, 225; death, ib.
Gregory IX., Pope, excommunicates
Frederic II., vi., 372.
Gregory X., Pope, urges union of Greek
and Latin Churches, vi., 491, 492;
mediation of, between Charles of
Anjou and Michael VIII., 497; in-
stitutes the conclave, vii., 250 and
note.
Gregory XI., Pope, supported by Viterbo,
vii., 248 note; his return from
Avignon, 293 and note; death of,
294.

Gregory XII., Pope, documents concern-
ing, vii., 294 note; accession of,
296, 298 sqq.; abdicates, 300.
Gregory XIII., Pope, vii., 304.
Gregory of Cyprus, vi., 493 note.
Gregory, Illuminator, ii., 68 note;

apostle of Armenia, iii., 415 note.
Gregory, lieutenant of the exarch Herac-
lius, v., 71.

Gregory Nazianzen, i., 401 note; at
Athens with Julian, ii., 271 note;
eloquence of, 347; supports Nicene
doctrine, 369; on religious sects,
413; on Julian's elevation, 426 note;
calumniates Julian, 439 note; op-
poses Julian, 457 and note; account
of earthquake at Jerusalem, 485;
account of, iii., 151 sqq.; birth, ib.
note; his mission to Constantinople,
152 sq.; poem on his life, ib. note;
Archbishop of Constantinople, 154
sq.; retreat of, 158; orations of, ib.
note; death, 159; opposes Apolli-
naris, v., 113.

Gregory, nephew of Heraclius, v., 492
note.

Gregory of Nyssa, ii., 61 note.
Gregory, Patriarch of Constantinople,
A.D. 1452, vii., 183.

Gregory, præfect of Africa, v., 490;
revolts against Constans, ib. note;
daughter of, 490; death, 491; fate
of his daughter, 492 note.
Gregory Thaumaturgus, i., 283 note;
miracles of, vi., 121 and note.
Gregory of Tours, translates the legend
of the Seven Sleepers, iii., 438; his
account of Julian the Martyr, iv.,
15 note; on death of Apollinaris,
126; on siege of Angoulême, 127
note; family of, 148 note.
Grenada, given to ten thousand Syrians,
V., 515; suppression of Christians
in, 521 and note.

Grenoble (Gratianopolis), iii., 476 note.
Grethungi, oppose Claudius, i., 309
note. See Goths.

Gretser, on images, v., 26€ note.
Grigori Presbyter, vi., 140 note.
Grimoald, Duke of Beneventum, v., 307.
Grocyn, vii., 135 note.
Gronovius, James, ii., 289 note.
Grotius, ii., 148; on political system of

the Christians, 313 note; on royal
succession, iii., 420 note; on king-
dom of the Visigoths, iv., 107 note;
De Jure Belli, 353 note; on origin of
the Lombards, 367 note.
Grubenhagen, principality of, vi., 517
note; silver mines of, ib. note.
Grumbates, King of the Chionites, ii.,

283.

Gruter's Inscriptions, i., 73 note.
Gruthungi, or Ostrogoths, defeat of, by
Gratian, iii., 133 sqq.; subject to
Attila, 446. See Goths.
Gualterius Cancellarius, his History of
Principality of Antioch, vi., 327
note.

iv., 514 sq.

Gubazes, King of Lazica, iv., 404; allied
himself with Nushirvan, ib.; his
war against Persia, 405 sq.; religion
of, 408; his death, 409.
Gudeman, Professor, i., 4 note.
Gudmarson, Ulf, vii., 293 note.
Guelfs and Ghibelines, factions of, v.,
324; vii., 225, 263 and note.
Guénée, Abbé, on Palestine, iii., 412
note.

Guérard, on Capistrano, vii., 156 note.
Guibert, historian of the crusades, vi.,
276 note, 300 and note.
Guicciardini, history of, iii., 347 note;
vii., 308 note.

Guido, Bernard, author of Lives of
Popes, vii., 225 note.
Guidobonus, Antonius, on Scanderbeg,
vii., 160 note.

Guignes, de, History of the Huns, iii.,

78 note; on the Edrisites, vi., 54
note; on Zingis Khan, vii., 7 note;
on the Ottoman dynasty, 23 note.
Guiscard, Robert, defeats Leo IX., vi.,
190; birth and character, 191 sqq.;
Duke of Apulia, 194; invades the
Eastern Empire, 201 sq.; at Otran-
to, 203; victory at Durazzo, 207;
delivers Pope Gregory VII., 213;
second expedition into Greece, 214;
death, 216.

Gundamund, King of the African Van-

dals persecutes the Orthodox party,
iv., 89

Gundelinda, wife of Theodatus, epistles

of, iv., 325 note.
Gundobald, Burgundian prince and

nephew of Ricimer, iv., 49; acquired
kingdom of Burgundy, 50 note;
convenes an assembly of bishops at
Lyons, 119; defeated by Clovis,
120; murders Godegesil, ib.;
establishes judicial combat, 137
note.
Gunpowder, used by the Chinese, iii.,
494 note; vii., 12; invention of, 85
sq.

Guns, introduction of, into India, vi.,
235 note.

Gunther, prior, his history of the Ger-
man crusade, vi., 401 note; his
Ligurinus, vii., 229 note.
Guntiarius, King of the Burgundians,
iii., 362.

Gür Khans, vii., 9 note.

Gustavsburg, or Lupudunum, fortress
repaired by Julian, ii., 300 and
note.

Guy I., First Duke of Athens, vi., 505
note.

Guy II., Duke of Athens, vi., 505 note.
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem,
vi., 357; imprisoned, 359; release,
363; receives Cyprus, 390.
Guy of Spoleto, relieves Rome, vi., 42
note.

Guy Pallavicini, granted land by Boniface
of Montferrat, vi., 436 note.
Guyana, description of, by Buffon, vii.,
320 note.

Guzarat, kingdom of, conquered by
Mahmud, vi., 235.

Gwent, spearmen of, iv., 168.
Gyarus, Isle of, i., 174.
Gyllius, ii., 151 note; on equestrian
statue of Justinian, vii., 140 note.

HADRIAN I. (Pope), condemns Icono-
clasts, v., 299; pontificate of, 300;

allows Charlemagne to despoil Ra-
venna, vii., 323 note.

Hadrian IV. (Pope), vii., 232 and note.
Hadrian, Prætorian præfect, iii., 298
and note.

Hadrian (Emperor), resigns eastern con-
quests of Trajan, i., 8; character of,
8; pacific system of, 9; rebellion of
Jews under, ib. note; encouraged
military exercises, 13; monuments
of, 48; adoption of, 82 and note;
character, ib.; adopts Verus, 83,
115 note; makes Trebizond & port,
283; letter of, 301 note; at Daphne,
ii., 492 note; his Athenian library,
iv., 281; mausoleum of, 337 and
note; establishes Perpetual Edict,
479 and note; builds Pantheon at
Rome, vii., 322 note.

Hadrian Comnenus, v., 239.
Hadrianople, battle of, i., 472, 473;

Gallus at, ii., 267, 268 note; siege
of, by the Goths, iii., 106; Valens
defeated at, 117 sq.; siege of, 119
sq.; siege of, by the Avars, v., 60;
by the Latins, vi., 442; younger
Andronicus erects his standard at,
513; siege of, raised by the Bul-
garians, 521; residence of Murad
Sultan, vii., 33 and note; taken by
Amurath II., 79; royal school at,
83; saved by Amurath II., 146;
palace of Mahomet II. at, 174;
Phrantzes at, 204; Mahomet at,
A.D. 1453, 209; becomes a provin-
cial town, ib.