Incest, Roman law of, iv., 512. India, Roman trade with, i., 59 sq. and notes; ambassadors to Constantine from, ii., 233 and note; Christians of St. Thomas in, v., 160 and note. Indian commodities taxed by Alex. Severus, i., 176 and note.
Indians, iv., 457 note.
Indictions, ii., 202 sqq. and notes. Indo-Scythæ, iv., 275 note. Indulgences, to the emperors, iv., 480 and note; practice of, vi., 279. Infanticide (by exposing), Constantine's
law against, i., 467; Christians try to prevent, ii., 54; iv., 506 and note. Infantry, Roman, lay aside their armour, iii., 197.
Infessura, Stephen, vii., 306 note, 312. Ingenuus, citizen of Narbonne, iii., 354. Ingenuus, Emperor, i., 296, 299. Ingo, King of Sweden, i., 260 note. Ingulphus, secretary of William the Conqueror, vi., 267. Ingundis, consort of Hermenegild, perse-
cuted by Goisvintha, iv., 99, 100. Inheritance, Roman law of, iv., 518 sq. Inigo or Ignatius, founder of the Jesuits, iv., 77 note.
In jure cessio, process of, iv., 517 note. Injuries, Roman law concerning, iv.,
527 sq. Innocent I. (Bishop of Rome), supposed
superstition of, iii., 328. Innocent II. (Pope), election of, vi., 218;
vii., 228; condemns Arnold, 231 and note, 232; his triumph over Anaclete, 259. Innocent III. (Pope), persecutes the Albi- geois, vi., 130; promotes fourth and fifth crusades, 369 sqq.; negotia- tions with Bulgarians, 391 and note; biography of, 393 note; pro- claims fourth crusade, ib.; account of pillage of Constantinople, 423; letters of, 433 and note; reforms the office of præfect, vii., 237.
Innocent VI. (Pope), his treaty with John Palæologus, vii., 92; his pon- tificate, 289.
Innocent VII. (Pope), vii., 296. Innocent XI. (Pope), vii., 311 note. Inquisitors, religious, under Theodosius, iii., 161.
Institutes, of Justinian, iv., 494 sqq., 500 sqq.; of Caius, 500 and note. VOL. VII.-28
Insula, or Roman lodging-house, iii., 325 and note.
Interamnia, Septimius Severus at, i., 124.
Interest, Roman law of, iv., 526 sq. Interregnum, A.D. 275, i., 342. Intiline, province of, ceded to the empire, i., 404 and note.
Inveges, Augustine monk of Palermo, vi., 192 note.
Iona, Isle of, monastery at, iv., 67; library and tombs of, ib. note. Ionia, work ascribed to an Empress Eudocia, iii., 410 note.
Iphicles, deputy of Epirus, iii., 68 and
Irak, conquered by the Saracens, v., 432; extent of, ib. note; Bowides at, 519 note.
Iran or Persia, iv., 382. Ireland, Roman invasion of, i., 4 note; Scots in, iii., 44.
Irenæus, ii., 26 and note; preaches in Gaul, 30; works of, v., 107 note. Irene, daughter of Theodore Lascaris, vi., 477.
Irene or Pansophia, v., 133 and note. Irene, wife of Alexius I., portrait of, v.,
Irene, wife of John Cantacuzene, vi., 521; defends Constantinople, 534; besieged in Demotica, vii., 29; in- vites Amir to Constantinople, ib. Irene, wife of Leo IV., Emperor of Con- stantinople, crowned with her son, v., 200; reign, 201 sqq.; restored images, 202; canonized, ib.; ban- ished by her son, ib.; restored, 203; dethroned and banished to Lesbos by Nicephorus, 204; restoration of images by, 295 sq.; her connexion with Charlemagne, 314; pays tribute to the Saracens, vi., 36.
Irene, wife of Philip of Suabia, vi., 393. Irene, St., life of, v., 211 note. Irgana-kon, Mountain of, iv., 374 note. Irnac, youngest son of Attila, iii., 466;
retires to Lesser Scythia, 503; king- dom of, destroyed by the Igours, ib.
Iron, Siberian, iv., 374 and note. Isa, son of Bajazet, vii., 76. Isaac, an Armenian archbishop, iii.,
Isaac, grandson of Eba the elder, v., 514.
Isaac I. (Comnenus), v., 235; in the Abbey of Studion, 236. Isaac II. (Angelus), accession, v., 256 sq. ; reign, 257 sq.; defeats the Normans,
vi., 227; policy of, towards crusa- | Isocrates, ii., 428 note; iv., 279, 281; ders, 340, 342; character and on musical contests, vii., 267 note. reign, 389 sqq.; deposed by Alexius, Isonzo, battle of the, iv., 190. 392; restored, 413 sq.; death, 419. Ispahan, Heraclius at, v., 89; taken by Isaac, lieutenant of Belisarius, iv., 430. the Moslems, 436 and note; Magian Isaac, son of Alexius Comnenus, made religion at, 519; Bowide dynasty in, 519 note; Malek Shah at, vi., 257; Timour at, vii., 54; destroyed by Timour, 73.
Sebastocrator, v., 243; sons of, 247. Isaac, son of John Comnenus, imprison-
ment of, v., 244; restoration of, vi., 414 sq.
Isaiah of Rhodes, disgrace of, iv., 537. Isamus, station of, v., 213 note. Isar, Atiz, expedition of, vi., 267 note. Isaurians, rebellion of, i., 302 sq.; de- feated by Probus, 353; besiege Seleucia, ii., 271; iii., 98; invade Palestine, 403; army of, levied by Leo, iv., 32; destruction of, ib. note; invaded Asia, 271; defeated in Phrygia by the Goths, ib.; betray Rome to the Goths, 430; betray Rome a second time, 437. Iscander, see Escander. Isdigune, ambassador of Chosroes, iv., 409.
Isidore, Archbishop of Russia, made
cardinal, vii., 143 and note; im- prisoned, ib.; epistle of, to Nicho- las V., 170 note; Papal legate, 182; his escape, 205 and note.
Isidore of Badajoz, v., 502 note. Isidore of Pelusium, iii., 212 note; friend of Cyril of Alexandria, v., 115 and note.
Isidore of Seville, ii., 229 note; iii., 280 note; on passage of the Vandals, 425 note; monastic rule of, iv., 72 note, 73 note; on Sisebut, 103 note; His- tory of the Visigoths, 152 note. Isidore, pupil of Proclus, iv., 283; Life of, ib. note; leaves Athens, 284. Isidore the Milesian (architect), iv., 260. Isis and Serapis, Temple of, i., 36 and note; iii., 210.
Islam, faith of, v., 360 sq.; derivation of
name, ib. note; description of, 369 sqq.; belief concerning the Resur- rection, 371; Hell and Paradise of, 372; tolerant spirit of, 516; propa- gation of, ib.
Ismael, ancestor of the Arabs, v., 339. Ismael Beg, Prince of Sinope, vii., 213 and note.
Ismael, son of Jafar al-Sadik, vi., 51 note.
Ismael, the Seljuk, vi., 239. Ismaelians of Persia, see Assassins. Ismail Hamza, brother-in-law of Ma- homet II., vii., 195 note.
Israelite (club), ii., 411.
Issus, city of, camp of Heraclius at, v., 85 and note.
Istakhr, see Estachar.
Ister (Lower Danube), i., 25 and note. Isthmus of Corinth, wall of the, i., 286
note; games of, ii., 452; transpor- tation of fleet over, vii., 193 note; Turks at, 212.
Istria, i., 23; campania of, iv., 205. Italian language (modern), formation of, v., 26 and note.
Italians, separation of, from the Goths, under Theodoric, iv., 195. Italica, honorary colony, i., 40 note; iii., 125 note.
Italy, described, i., 22, 23; distinct from the provinces, 37 and note; Gothic invasion of, iii., 277 sqq.; ports of, closed by Stilicho, 297 note; laws for the relief of, 356; Western Em- pire consists of the kingdom of, iv., 28; under Odoacer, 59 sqq.; parti- tion of, under Theodoric the Ostro- goth, 194 sq.; civil government of, 200 sqq.; state of, 205 sqq.; inva- sion of Belisarius, 329 sqq.; invasion of Franks, 351; subdued by Narses, 449 sqq.; settlement of, 452; the Lombards in, v., 11 sqq.; distress of, 22 sq.; revolts from Leo the Isaurian, 277 sqq.; Byzantine do- minion continues in, till time of Charlemagne, 280 and note; Charle- magne's empire in, 307; rise of cities in, 322 sq.; Hungarian inva- sion, vi., 149 sqq.; Saracens, Latins and Greeks in, 174 sqq.; Theme of, 177 note; Normans in, 181; revival of Greek learning in, vii., 122 sqq. ; Rienzi's idea of a confederation of, 277 sq.; compared with France by Petrarch, 291 and note.
Ithacius, Catholic Presbyter, iii., 163 and note.
Ithobal, King of Tyre, iv., 464 note. Itineraries, i., 55 note; of the Bordeaux
pilgrim, ii., 480 note; of Antoninus, iii., 5 note, 108 note, 152 note, 266 note. Itinerarium regis Ricardi, vi., 367 note.
JAAFAR, kinsman of Mahomet, death | Jeffery of Monmouth, iv., 162.
Jaafar, sixth Imām, v., 418 note.
Jehan Numa, palace of Mahomet II., vii., 175.
Jabalaha III. (Nestorian Patriarch), life Jerom, St., on the Council of Rimini,
Jabalan, chief of the Christian Arabians,
v., 460; exile of, in Byzantium, 462 and note.
Jabiyah (city), Omar at, v., 464 note; a military centre, ib.
Jablonski, v., 121 note, 129 note. Jabril, general of Harun al-Rashid, vi., 38 note.
Jacob, son of Leith, vi., 55 and note. Jacobites or Monophysites, v., 148; submission of, in Egypt, to the Saracens, 476; friendly to the Sara- cens, 522 and note.
Jaen, legion of Kinnisrin or Chalcis at, V., 514.
Jaffa, county of (with Ascalon), vi., 330 note; town of, taken by crusaders, 365; surprised by Saladin, 366; lost by the Franks, 379.
Jalal ad-Din Hasan, Ismaelian prince, vii., 13 note.
Jalal ad-Din Mangbarti, see Gelaleddin. Jalula, battle of, v., 435.
James de Delayto, vii., 66 note. James of Sarug, Syrian bishop, iii., 438
and note; homily on the seven sleepers, by, v., 264 note, 265 note. James, St., Bishop of Edessa, miracles
ii., 375 note; dialogue of, 500 note; on the clergy, iii., 31 note; on the ravages of the Goths, 122. Jerusalem, kingdom of, vi., 326 sqq.; de- cline of, 357; female succession in, 357 note; conquered by Saladin, 358 sq. Jerusalem, temple of, destroyed by fire, ii., 95; Christian church at, 340 and note; Julian's design to rebuild it, 482 sqq.; Church of the Holy Virgin at, iv., 265; city of, described, ii., 479; spoils of temple at, taken from Rome to Carthage, iv., 6; taken by Chosroes, v., 75; monophysite tumults at, 135; taken by the Saracens, 463 note and sqq.; Omar's mosque at, 465 and note; conquered by the Turks, vi., 255, 262 sq.; sacri- lege of the Holy Sepulchre at, 265; miraculous flame in the Holy Sepulchre, 264 and note; besieged by Afdal, 319; by the crusaders, 321 sqq.; population of, ib. note; water supply of, 323 note; St. Stephen's Gate at, 322; tower of Psephina in citadel of, 324 note; Assize of, 329 sqq.; principality of, 330 note; Christians of, despoiled by Saladin, 355; taken by Saladin, 359 sq.; mosque of Omar at, 361; Richard I. near, 366 and note.
James, St., Legend of, in Spain, ii., 67 Jesuits, mission of, in Abyssinia, v., 177
Jami (mosque), vii., 210.
Jane, daughter of Emperor Baldwin, vi., 444.
Jane, Queen of Naples, sells Avignon,
vii., 255 and note; strangles her husband, 278.
Jane, sister of the Count of Savoy, see Anne of Savoy.
Janiculum, see Rome.
Janizaries, instituted by Ala-ad-Din, vii.,
26 note, 34 and note; at the Byzan- tine Court, 112 and note; adoption among, 196.
Jansenists, ii., 28 note; iii., 430 note. Januarius, St., blood of, vi., 264 note. Janus, Temple of, iv., 338. Jaroslaus (Yaroslav), vi., 93 and note,
162; college of, 172; see Jeroslaus. Jason, hostage in Alaric's camp, iii., 303. Jaxartes (river), v., 438 and note. Jazberin, iii., 462 and note. Jazyges, Sarmatian tribe, i., 253 note, 263; ii., 229.
sqq.; expulsion of, 179.
Jews, rebellion of, under Hadrian, i., 9
note; character of, ii., 3 sq.; zeal of, 4 sqq.; under the Asmonean princes, 24; cruelties of, 78; under Nero, 94; of Alexandria, 356; Julian's letter to, 478 and note; synagogue of, destroyed at Callinicum, iii., 183 and note; conversion of, at Minorca, 224 note; exemption of, from municipal offices, 421 note; persecution of, in Spain, iv., 103 sqq.; persecuted by the Italians, 210; relations with Persians, v., 77 note; by Heraclius, 101; their be- lief in immortality, 106; persecu- tion of, by Cyril of Alexandria, 116; persecuted by Justinian, 144 sq.; in Arabia, 354 sq.; declaration of Mahomet to (at Medina), 380 note; assist the Saracens in Spain, 508; massacre of, by first crusaders, vi., 285; pay tribute at Rome in four teenth century, vii., 331 note.
Jezdegerd, see Yezdegerd. Jihoon, vii., 15 note.
Jirjir [Præfect Gregory], v., 490 note. Joan, Pope, v., 317 note, 318 note. Joan, sister of Richard I. of England, vi., 368.
Joannina, daughter of Belisarius and Antonina, iv., 436.
Joannina, fortified by Stephen Dushan, vi., 523 note.
Joannites, or followers of Chrysostom, iii., 402 note.
Joasaph, monk of Mount Athos, vi., 528. Job, book of, v., 366 and note. Jodelle, vii., 136 note.
Johannes Grant, German engineer, at siege of Constantinople, vii., 194 note.
John Angelus, Emperor of Salonica, vi., 458 note.
John Asen II., see Calo-John of Bulgaria. John Asen IV., of Bulgaria, vi., 501 note.
John Bermudez, v., 177 note. John Bishop of Antioch, important au-
thority on deaths of Aetius and Valen- tinian, iii., 506 note; summoned to the first Council of Ephesus, v., 123; reconciled to Cyril, 125.
John, Bishop of Asia, see John of Ephesus.
John Boivin, vi., 457 note. John, brother of Pappus, magister mili- tum of Africa, hero of Corippus, iv., 418 note.
John, brother of Paul of Samosata, vi., 117 note. John Comnenus, refuses the Empire, v., 236; Cæsar, 238; children of, 239. John Comnenus, or Calo-Johannes, Em-
peror of Constantinople, v., 243 sqq. John, Count, lover of Eudoxia, iii., 402. John, Count of Nevers, his crusade
against the Turks, vii., 38; taken prisoner, 39; ransomed, 40, 96. John Damascenus, works of, on images, v., 270 note, 272; life of, ib. note. John d'Ibelin, compiles Assize of Jeru- salem, vi., 330 and notes. John Ducas, Cæsar, vi., 249 note. John, Duke of Trebizond, vi., 439 note. John Eladas, regent for Constantine
John, Emperor of the East, Iberia and Peratea, vi., 439 note.
John Geometres, vi., 142 note. John, grandson of John Vataces (Las-
caris), vi., 458; minority of, 479; not crowned, 484; blinded and banished,
| John I. (Pope), sent by Theodoric to Con- stantinople, iv., 211.
John VII. (Greek Pope), vii., 299 note. John XI. (Pope), v., 318 and note, 320. John XII. (Pope), v., 318; disgrace of, 320.
John XXII. (Pope), wealth of, vii., 104 note; deposition of, 251; exhorted by Petrarch, 292; said to have in- troduced triple crown, 294 note. John XXVIII. (Pope), vii., 299; im- prisoned, 300.
John of Apri, Patriarch of Constantinople, vi., 519; deposed, 530.
John of Biclar, historian of the Visigoths, iv., 152 note.
John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem, vi., 451; Emperor of Constantinople,
452; defends Constantinople from Vataces, ib.; becomes a monk, 453. John of Cappadocia, minister of Jus- tinian, iv., 239; disgrace and exile of, 258; opposes the African expe- dition, 291; supplies bad food for the army, 298; poverty of, 459 note. John of Ephesus, on Theodora, iv., 231 note; on speech of Justin II., v., 17 note.
John, officer of Basiliscus, iv., 40. John of Gorz, embassy of, to Cordova, v., 521 note.
John of Lycopolis, iii., 191 and note. John of Nikiu, chronicle of, v., 428 note,
John of Procida, account of, vi., 497 sq. John of Ravenna, pupil of Petrarch, vii.,
John of Salisbury, on slavery, iv., 142
note; on papal avarice, vii., 224 note. John Palæologus I. (Emperor), reign,
vi., 517; marries daughter of Canta- cuzene, 526; takes up arms against Cantacuzene, 527; enters Constanti- nople, ib.; weakness of, vii., 40 sq.; imprisonment and escape, 41; death of, 42; pays tribute to Amurath II., 81; treaty with Innocent VI., 92; his visit to Urban V., 93; in Venice, 94.
John Palæologus II., associated in the empire, vii., 102; reign, 103 sqq.; embarks in the Pope's galleys, 107; enters Venice, 110; enters Ferrara, 111; resides at Ferrara, 112; marries Princess of Trebizond, 103; date of his association, 138 note; wall of, 182 note.
John, Patriarch of Alexandria (the alms- giver), receives fugitives from Pales- tine, v., 76; Life of, 76 note; gives
money to Heraclius, 83 note; account | Joseph, ancestor of the Zeirides, vi., of, 171 and note.
John Philoponus, his intercourse with Joseph of Arimathea, St., mission of, Amrou, v., 481; works of, ib. note. John, St., Christians of, at Bassora, v., 353 and note.
John, son of Sisiniolus, iv., 418 note. John, son of Vitalian, general of Jus- tinian, iv., 422 note; marries daughter of Germanus, 427 note.
John the Armenian, general of Belisarius, iv., 301.
John, the Deacon, on Gregory I., v., 35 note.
John, the eunuch, brother of Michael IV., v., 232.
John, the Exarch, vi., 140 note. John the Faster, Patriarch of Constanti- nople, v., 37.
John, the præfect, expedition against the Arabs, v., 498.
John, the primicerius, embassy to Alaric, iii., 328; usurped the throne of Honorius, 418; death, 419. John the Sanguinary, iv., 346; besieges Rimini, 347; takes Vitiges prisoner, 355 note.
John Tzimisces, see Zimisces.
John Vladislav, Bulgarian ruler, vi., 142 note.
Joseph, Patriarch of Constantinople, pardons Emperor Michael, vi., 489; withdraws to a monastery,
Joseph, Paulician leader, vi., 117 note. Joseph the Carizmian, opposes Malek Shah, vi., 252.
Joseph, the patriarch, accompanies John Palæologus to Italy, vii., 109; death, 115.
Josephs, of Amida, Nestorian sect, v., 160.
Josephus, i., 79 note; ii., 4 note; on Christ, 92 note.
Josephus, the false, ii., 79 note. Joshua Stylites, iv., 271 note, 275 note. Joubert, Père, vii., 236 note. Jovian, ii., 533 note; made emperor,
545 sq.; campaign in Persia, 547 sqq.; reign, iii., 1-6; universal toleration proclaimed by, 3; death, 6 sq.
Jovians, guards of Diocletian, i., 409; of Julian, ii., 533; in Britain, iii., 47.
Jovinian, iii., 263 note. Jovinus, general of Julian, ii., 434; besieges Aquileia, 439, 447; defeats the Alamanni, iii., 35 sq.; consul, 36.
Jovinus, tyrant, declared emperor at Mentz, iii., 362; death, 363. Jovius, quæstor of Julian, ii., 434.
Johnson, Dr., his Irene, vii., 179 note, Jovius, Prætorian præfect under Hono-
Joinville, the historian, description of
Greek fire, vi., 12; in the East, 374 and note.
Jonas, Bishop of Orleans, iv., 142 note.
Jonas of Damascus, v., 454.
rius, made emperor by the eunuchs, iii., 332; his treaty with Alaric, 333; deserts Honorius, 337.
Jovius, sent by Theodosius to close pagan temples, iii., 206.
Jovius, title of Diocletian, i., 380.
Jones, H. S., on arch of Constantine, i., Jubilee, or Holy Year, institution of, vii. 457 note.
Jones, Sir William, iv., 527 note; his seven poems of the Caaba, v., 347 note; on Asiatic poetry, vi., 35 note.
Jordan, John Christopher de, on the Sclavonians, vi., 137 note. Jordan, on Rome, vii., 313 note. Jornandes, i., 258 and note, 271 note;
account of Alaric, iii., 261 note; account of Placidia, 353 and note; description of Catalaunian fields, 488; suppresses the defeat of the Visigoths by Majorian, iv., 24 note. Jortin, Doctor, ii., 369 note,
255; description of first, 256 and note; second, 257.
Judas the Gaulonite, ii., 94 and note. Jude, St., grandsons of, ii., 96 and note. Judex, Visigothic title, iii., 61 and note. Judgments of God, among the Franks,
iv., 135 sq. and notes. Judicial combats, iv., 137 sq.; estab- lished by Gundobald, 137 note; in kingdom of Jerusalem, vi., 331 sq.; prohibited by Michael VIII., 483; in France and England, ib. and notes.
Judicial procedure, iv., 537 sq. Juji, see Toushi,
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