Julia Domna, i., 128, 139, 145; death, | Julian of Halicarnassus, v., 149 note;
Julian, antecessor of Constantinople, vi., 107 note.
Julian, Cardinal, at Council of Florence, vii., 114; legate, 148; account of, 153; death of, at Varna, 154. Julian, Count, general of the Goths, in Africa, v., 502; invites the Moors and Arabs into Spain, 503; castle and town of, 505 and note; advises the Saracens, 507; entertains Musa, 509; death, 514.
converted the Armenians, 168 and
Julian, Salvius, Roman lawyer, iv., 479, 490.
Julian, tutelar saint of Auvergne, sanc- tuary of, iv., 15; account of, by Gregory of Tours, ib. note; sepul- chre of, at Brioude, 146. Julian, tyrant, i., 391 and note. Julianus, Claudius, consul, i., 201 note. Julianus, Didius, purchases the empire,
i., 116; reign, 117 sqq.; distress of, 123 and note, 124; death, 125. Julianus, M. Aurelius, tyrant of Pan- nonia, i., 375 note. Julin, city of, vi., 158.
Julius Africanus, ii., 71; iv., 286 note. Julius Cæsar, i., 407 note. Julius II. (Pope), vii., 308; munificence
Julius, master-general, massacre of the Goths in Asia by, iii., 123. Julius Solon, i., 98 note. Jumelpur, diamond mine at, i., 60 note. Junghans, History of Childeric and Chlo- dovech, iv., 109 note. Jupiter Urius, temple of, ii., 152. Jurisconsults, ii., 185 note; iv., 485. Jurisprudence, Roman, iv., 470 sqq.; abuses of civil, 541 sq. Jurjān, territory of, subdued by the Saracens, v., 440 note. Jus Latinum, i., 40 and note; relationis,
352 note; Italicum, ii., 166 and note; Papirianum, iv., 472 note. Justin, general of Justinian, iv., 423 note.
Julian, Emperor, his Cæsars, i., 78 note, 92 note, 106 note, 307 note, 362 note, 364 note, 381 note; spared by Con- stantius, ii., 262; education, ib. sq. note; sent to Milan, 269; to Athens, 270; recalled, 271; made Cæsar, 273; in Gaul, 291 sqq.; defeats of, 337. the Allemanni, 295 sq.; subdues the Franks, 297; crosses the Rhine three times, 299 sq.; civil adminis- tration of, 302 sq.; winters at Paris, 305; Gallic legions ordered to the East, 421 sq.; proclaimed emperor, 425 sqq.; dreams of, 427 and note; embassy to Constantius, 427; crosses the Rhine, 428; preparations for war, 432; marches into Illyricum, 433 sqq.; enters Sirmium, 436; epistles of, 437 and note; besieges Aquileia, 439; enters Constantinople, 440; civil government of, 441 sqq. ; date of his birth, ib. note; works of, 443; reforms the palace, 445; and the chamber of justice, 446; clemency of, 449; protects the Grecian cities, 452; as an orator and judge, 453 sq.; character of, 454; paganism of, 456 sqq.; educa- tion, 457 sq.; fanaticism of, 465; universal toleration of, 469; writes against the Christians, ib. and note; restores paganism, 470; edict against the Christians, 487 and note; con- demns the Christians to restore the pagan temples, 489; Misopogon, 511 and notes; march of, to the Euphrates, 514 sqq.; Persian cam- paign, 524 sqq.; invasion of Assyria, 523; takes Perisabor, 524, and Mao- gamalcha, 525; crosses the Tigris, 531; refuses to treat with Sapor, 535; burns his fleet, 536; retreat of, 539; death, 542; funeral, 557; ac- count of Damascus, v., 446 note. Julian, first of the notaries, in the Gothic camp, iii., 337,
Justin I., elevation of, iv., 220; crowns his nephew Justinian, 223; death,
ib. Justin II., nephew of Justinian, receives Turkish embassy, iv.; 379 note; elevation of, to the empire, v., 2; consulship of, ib.; receives embassy of the Avars, 3 sq.; abandons the Gepida, 8; weakness of, 15 sq.; associates Tiberius, 17; speech of, ib. and note; reign, 2-18; death, 18; war with Persia, 43.
Justin Martyr, ii., 11; dialogue of, 12 note, 26; on spread of Christianity, 68; studied Greek philosophy, 70; on the Ebionites, 359 and note. Justina, Aviana, wife of Valentinian I., iii., 70 and note; Arianism of, 165; summons Ambrose to the Council,
ib.; causes an edict in favour of the Arians, 167; flight to Aquileia, 170; death, 187,
Justiniani Vita of Theophilus, iv., 219 note.
Justiniani, John, see Giustiniani. Justus, the apostate Paulician, vi., 122. Jutes, in Kent, iv., 157. Juthungi, i., 317 sqq. notes. Juvenal, i., 35 note, 134 note; his satires read by the Romans, iii., 317; on the hardships of the poor in Rome, 324 and note.
Juventius, præfect, iii., 31.
KABARS, a Khazar people, vi., 153 note. Kahina, see Cahina. Kaifong, residence of the Chinese em- peror, vii., 12.
Kainoka, Jewish tribe of the, v., 388 and note.
Kairawan, see Cairoan.
Justinian I. (Emperor), on the miracle of Tipasa, iv., 98; ratifies the estab- lishment of the French monarchy, 128; birth and education, 219 and note; names of, ib. note; becomes emperor, 221; marries Theodora, 228 sq.; favours the blue faction, 235; celebrates the ides of January, 237; Nika riot and distress of Jus- tinian, 239; state of the revenue under, 250; avarice of, 251; remit- tances and taxes under, 252 sqq.; coinage of, 254 and note; venality at the court of, ib.; ministers of, 256; edifices of and architects, 258 sqq.; restores St. Sophia, 261; builds churches and palaces through- out the empire, 264 sqq.; his forti- fications in Europe and Asia, 266 sqq.; suppresses the schools of Kakwayhids, dynasty of the, vi., 57 note. Athens, 279, and consulship of Kaxankataci, Moses, Armenian writer, Rome, 285; resolves to invade Africa, v., 89 note. 288; peace with Persia, 289; fleet of, 296 and note; invades Africa, 299 sq.; his generals in Italy, 329 sqq.; makes peace with Vitiges, 353; weakness of his empire, 364 sqq.; alliance with the Avars, 378 sq.; Lazic war, 407 sqq.; negotiations with Nushirvan, 409 sqq.; his juris- prudence in the West, 453; death and character of, 459 sqq.; statue of, 461; Code, Pandects, and In- stitutes of, 470 and note, 493 sqq.; legal inconsistency of, 499 sq.; law of, on inheritance, 521 and note; general criticism on legislation of, 541; death of, v., 1; Persian war of, 45; theological character and government of, 141 sqq.; persecutes heretics and pagans, 143, and Jews and Samaritans, 144; his orthodoxy, 145 sqq.; heresy of, 148; equestrian statue of, at Constantinople, vii., 140 and note.
Justinian II., Emperor, v., 191; mutila- tion and exile of, 192; takes refuge with the Chozars, ib.; allies himself with the Bulgarians, 193; besieges Constantinople, ib.; restoration and death, ib. sqq.; his treatment of Ravenna, 195 note; persecutes the Paulicians, vi., 122; his treatment of Leontius and Aspimar, 250 note. Justinian, general of Honorius, iii., 288. Justinian, Roman advocate, iii., 294. Justinian, son of Germanus, commands the Eastern army, v., 18 sq. Justiniana Prima, see Tauresium. Justiniana Secunda, see Ulpiana.
Kalilah and Dimnah, iv., 389 note. Kalligas, on Council of Florence, vii., 119 note.
Kamhi, Emperor, iii., 80 note. Kamil (Mohammad), Sultan, vi., 372 and note.
Kamtchatka, iv., 376. Kandahār, taken by the Moslems, v., 440 note.
Kaoti, Emperor of China, iii., 87 and note.
Karacorum, residence of the successors of Zingis, iii., 462 note. Kara-Khitay, tribe of Turks, vii., 7 note; kingdom of, conquered by Zingis, 9 note.
Karāsī, ancient Mysia, conquered by Orchan, vii., 27 note.
Kars, ceded to the empire, vi., 246 note. Kashgar, Chinese garrison at, i., 397
note; khans of, invade Transoxiana, vii., 46; people of, called Uzbegs, ib. note; kingdom of, subdued by Timour, 50.
Kasimpasha, Bay of, vii., 192 note. Kastamuniya, principality of, conquered by the Turks, vii., 28 note. Kastoria, fortified by Stephen Dushan, vi., 523 note.
Katona, Stephen, vi., 143 note. Kazgan, Emir of Transoxiana, vii., 46 note.
Keating, Dr., History of Ireland, i., 234 note.
Kebla of prayer, v., 388.
Kekaumenos, Strategikon of, vi., 142 note.
Kenric, conquests of, iv., 160.
Keraites, khans of the, vii., 2 and note; Kislar Aga, protects the Athenians, vi., account of, ib.
Kerak, lordship of, vi., 331 note; fortress Kiuperli, grand vizier, vii., 82 note.
Kerbela, plain of, Hosein surrounded in, V., 415.
Kerboga, Prince of Mosul, vi., 313 sq.; twenty-eight emirs of, 319. Kerkoporta, vii., 201 note. Kerman, see Kirman.
Kermiyan (Western Phrygia), vii., 27 and note; see Ghermian.
Khalil pasha, see Calil.
Khalil, Sultan, takes Acre, vi., 380. Khan or Cagan, iii., 82 and note; title
of Shelun, 276 and note; great Khan of the Turks, invades Persia, v., 48. Khazars, see Chozars.
Khedar (Khidr) Khan, vi., 255 and note. Khitans, revolt of, on Chinese frontier, vii., 8.
Khondemir, abridges History of Mir- chond, v., 518 note.
Khoten, Chinese garrison, v., 438. Khubilay, see Cublai.
Khurasan, conquest of, by Ahnaf ibn
Kais, v., 436 note; Magians in, 518; conquered by Mongols, vii., 10. Khūzistan, conquest of, by the Moslems of Kufa, v., 435 note. Kienlong, poet, iii., 80 note. Kiev, see Kiow.
Kilidje (Kilij), Arslan II., his dealings
with the crusaders, vi., 344 note. Kilidje (Kilij), Arslan, Sultan of Roum, see Soliman, son of Cutulmish. Kin, dynasty in China, vii., 7 note. Kinnisrin, see Chalcis.
Kinnoge, city of, Mahmud at, vi., 235 and note.
Klokotnitza, battle of, vi., 452 note. Knez, title of Bulgarian rulers, vi., 141 note.
Knight, Dr., his Life of Erasmus, vii., 135 note.
Knighthood, vi., 293 sqq.
Knolles, historian, his History of the Turks, vii., 25 note.
Koba, town near Medina, Mahomet at, V., 381.
Kobad, grandson of the Persian king,
commands the Persians against Totila, iv., 441; origin, ib. note. Koraidha, Jewish tribe of, v., 388 note, 389.
Koran, the, i., 80; chapter of, called the Elephant, v., 356 note; chap- ters of, called Suras, 358 note; origin of, 365; editions of, ib. sq. and note; versions of the, 374 note; tenets of predestination in, 384. Koreishites, Arabian tribe of, v., 339;
sceptre transferred to, 343; acquire custody of the Caaba, 350; Maho- met sprung from the, 355; deliver Mecca from the Abyssinians, 356; persecute Mahomet, 377 sqq.; in- terdict of, 378; defeated by Maho- met at Bedr, 385; defeat Mahomet at Ohud, 387. Kosho-Tsaidam, Lake, Turkish inscrip- tion found near, v., 441 note. Kosovo-polje, battle of, between the Slavs and Ottomans, vii., 34 note. Kudatker Bilik, or Art of Government, vi., 256 note.
Kul (Turk), inscription to, v., 441 note.
Kiotahia, Timour plants his standard at, Kunoviza, battle of, vii., 149. vii., 62.
Kiow (Kiev), Andronicus at, v., 250;
Oleg at, vi., 155 note; capital of Russia, 157 and note; Church of St. Sophia at, 172 and note; crypt monastery at, 173 note; destroyed by the Tartars, vii., 16. Kipzak, Plain of, Bātū defeats the Cos-
sacks in the, vii., 16 and note; con- quered by Timour, 50; Western Kipzak, conquered by Bātū, ib. note. Kirghiz Kazaks, Siberian tribe, vii., 50 note. Kirman, in Persia, conquered by the
Arabs, v., 435 note; survival of the religion of the Magi in, 519 and note; Seljukian dynasty of, vi., 257 and note.
Kurikan, Turkish clan, vii., 46 note. Kusdār, conquered by Subuktigin, vi., 234 note. See Cosdar. Kuseila, Berber chief, v., 497 note. Kussai, see Cosa.
Küstendil, iv., 267 note. Kutaieh, see Cotyæum.
Kutritzakes, one of the volunteers of Alexius Strategopoulus, vi., 460 note. Kuyuk, vii., 11.
Labarum, or standard of the Cross, ii., 318 sqq. and notes; name of Christ erased from, by Julian, 477; dis- played by Jovian, iii., 2. Labat, Père, his description of towns near Rome, vii., 247 note; on the curse of Anagni, 253 note.
Labeo, Antistius, iv., 486, 489 and note,
man, vi., 261; lost by the Franks, 379.
490. Labeo, Q., Commentaries of the Twelve Laplanders, vi., 145 sq. Tables, iv., 528 note. Laconians, Free, vi., 74 sq. La Croze, v., 121 note.
Lactantius, i., 378 note, 416 note; ii.,
26 and note; his Institutes, 306 and notes; iv., 500 note; his Christian ity, ii., 326 note; on images, v., 262 note.
Lactarius, Mount, iv., 446 and note. Ladislaus, King of Naples, vii., 297, 300. Ladislaus, King of Poland and Hungary,
vii., 149 and note; marches against the Turks, ib.; concludes peace of Szegedin, 149; death of, at Varna, 152.
Læta, daughter of Proba, iii., 346. Læta, widow of the Emperor Gratian, generosity of, to the poor in Rome, iii., 326 and note.
Læti, Gallic tribe, iii., 487 and note. Lætus, Maecius, i., 135 note.
Lætus, Prætorian præfect of Commodus, i., 105 sq., 116.
Lagodius, opposes the usurper Constan-
tine, iii., 288 and note.
Lardner, Dr., Credibility, etc., iii., 161
Larissa, captured by the Bulgarians, vi., 142 note; besieged by Bohemond,
Lascaris, Constantine, Greek grammar of, vii., 135 note.
Lascaris, James, Greek grammarian, vii., 130 sq. and note; founds Greek colleges of Rome and Paris, ib. note; brings Mss. from the East for Lorenzo de Medici, 134. Lascaris, John, grandson of Vataces, see John.
Lascaris, Theodore I., see Theodore. Lascaris, Theodore II., see Theodore. Latifundia, v., 223 note. Latimer, vii., 135 note. Latin Christians, indifference of, ii., 374; influenced by Valens and Ursacius, 375 and note; Church of, distracted by schism, vii., 97. Latin language in the Roman provinces, i., 41 and note; official use of, 43; oblivion of the, vi., 105 sq.
Lahore, city of, taken by Sultan of Latins, name of the Franks, vi., 102.
Gazna, vi., 235.
Laity, order of, ii., 334. Lambesa, ruins of, iv., 318.
Lammens, on Omar's journey to Syria, v., 464 note.
Lampadius, Roman senator, iii., 292 and note.
Lamus (river), vi., 48 note. Lancearii, iii., 117.
Lancisi, Roman physician, on population of Rome, vii., 326 note.
Land question in tenth century, v., 223 note, 229 note.
Land-tax, under Constantine, ii., 206 and note.
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, corrects text of the Bible, iv., 96 note.
Langlés, M., his Life of Timour, vii., 44 note.
Langres, battle of, i., 390; bishops of, iv., 120 note.
Languantan, Moorish tribe, iv., 419 note. Languedoc, see Septimania.
Laodicea, in Asia Minor, i., 54; council of, ii., 26 note; Frederic Barbarossa at, vi., 341. Laodicea in Syria, Antioch subject to, iii., 179 and note; Saracens at, v., 455 and note, 465 note; taken by the Saracens, 469; by Sultan Soli-
Latium, right of, i., 40 and note. Latronian, the poet, execution of, iii., 161.
Laugier, Abbé, History of Venice, vi., 398 note.
Laura, of Eastern monasteries, iv., 64 note, 78.
Laure de Noves, vii., 265 and note, 267 and note.
Laurence, competitor for bishopric of Rome, iv., 208.
Laurence, deacon, ii., 52 note. Lavardin, Marquis de, vii., 310 note. Law, study of, ii., 183 sqq.; Roman or civil law, iv., 470 sqq.; Twelve Tables of, 473 sqq.; of the people, 476 sqq.; of the Senate, 478; edicts of the emperors, 480 sqq.; royal law, 481 and note; forms of, 483 sq.; three periods of civil law, 484 sqq.; legal sects in Rome, 489 sqq. ; reform of Roman law by Justinian, 491; loss of ancient Roman law, 497 sq.; statutes of Draco, 529; criminal laws, ib. sqq.; abolition of penal laws, 531.
Aquilian, iv., 528 and note. Caninian, i., 346 note.
Cornelian, iv., 478, 506 note, 533. Julian, iv., 478, 533, 534 note.
Laws-continued--
Of Citations, iv., 491.
Pompeian, iv., 478, 506 note, 533. Porcian, iv., 531.
Scatinian, iv., 535 and note.
See Lex de imperio Vespasiani (= Lex regia).
Voconian, iv., 519 and note, 523. Lawyers, Roman, series of, iv., 484 sqq.; their philosophy, 486 sq.; authority of, 488.
Laymen, ii., 45 note, 49 sq.
Lazarus, Kral of Servia, conquered the Ottomans, vii., 34 note.
Lazarus, the painter, persecuted, v., 297 note.
Lazi, tribe of, iv., 402 and note; solicit
friendship of Chosroes, 404; renew alliance with Justinian, 405; their war with Persia, 406 sqq.; death of the Lazic king, 408; serve as Jani- zaries, vii., 213 note.
Lazica, war for the possession of, iv.,
397 and note, 407; description of, see Colchos.
Leander and Hero, see Hero.
Leander, Archbishop of Seville, converts Hermenegild, iv., 100; goes to By- zantium, ib.
Lebanon, cedars of, built the church at
Le Beau, on images, v., 295 note.
Lenfant, M., historian of the councils, vii., 105 note, 301 note.
Lentienses, tribe of, iii., 111.
Leo Africanus, geography of, v., 490 note; on tribes of Barbary, 501
Leo, Allatius, vi., 457 note.
Leo, Archbishop of Ravenna, usurpations of, v., 292 note.
Leo, Archbishop of Thessalonica, vi., 109. Leo, brother of John Zimisces, v., 227. Leo Diaconus, historian, vi., 64 note. Leo Gabalas, takes Island of Rhodes, vi., 450 note.
Leo, general of Eutropius, opposes Tribi- gild, iii., 388.
Leo I., of Thrace, Emperor, iv., 32; op-
poses Aspar, 32; elects Anthemius Emperor of the West, ib.; sends naval armament against the Van- dals, 37 sq.; cost of armament, ib. and note; connives at the election of Olybrius, 48 and note; murders Aspar, 184.
Leo III., the Isaurian (Emperor), v., 197; origin and birthplace of, 197 note; valour of, ib.; abolishes images, 268 sqq.; quarrels with Pope Gregory, 278; revolt of Italy from, ib. sq.; defends Constantinople against the Saracens, vi., 7 sqq.
IV. (Emperor), v., 200; religious opinions of, 295.
Lebedias, refuses Hungarian sceptre, vi., Leo V., the Armenian (Emperor), pro-
Leclerc, ecclesiastical historian, ii., 11
note, 15 note; v., 104 note, 481 note. Legacy duty, i., 176; reduced by Ti- berius, ib. note; by Macrinus, 179 note.
Legacy hunters, i., 178; iii., 318. Legibus solutus, iv., 480 and note. Legion, Roman, description, i., 11 sqq.;
stipend increased by Domitian, 11 note; revolt of, under Alex. Severus, 169; under Maximin, 197 and note; reduction of, by Constantine, ii., 189; degeneration of, iii., 196; Jovian, Herculian and Augustan, 247; twentieth, recalled from Britain, 265.
Leibnitz, vi., 464 note.
Leman, Lake, Alemanni at, iv., 112. Lemberg or Leopold, See of, vii., 143 note. Lemnos, Isle of, taken by the Venetians, vi., 435 note; Demetrius Palmolo- gus, lord of, vii., 213.
phecy concerning, v., 206; reign, 206; death, 208; opposes image worship, 297; persecutes the Paulicians, vi., 123; defeats the Bulgarians at Mesembria, 140 and note.
VI., the philosopher (Emperor), re- lationship to Michael III., v., 216 note, 219 sqq.; marriages, 221 and note; Tactics of, vi., 66 and note, 98; absolutism of, 94 sq.; date of his death, 105 note; encouraged learn- ing, 110 sq.
Leo I., the Great (Bishop of Rome), em-
bassy to Attila, iii., 499; character, ib. note; mediates with Genseric, iv., 5 and note; calls Council of Chalcedon, v., 131; his epistle, ib. ; approved by the council, 134. Leo III. (Pope), election of, v., 301; assaulted and imprisoned, 301; crowns Charlemagne in St. Peter's, 302; on the filioque question, vi., 382 and note.
Leo IV. (Pope), election of, vi., 43; victory and reign of, ib. sqq.; founds Leonine city in Rome, 46.
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