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Leo IX. (Pope), his league with the two
empires, vi., 188; Life of, ib. note;
expedition of, against the Normans,
189; detained by them at Beneven-
tum, 191 note; death, ib.; extant
coin of, vii., 221 note.

Leo X. (Pope), vii., 308; munificence
of, 337.

Leo of Tripolis, attacks Thessalonica,
v., 220 note.

Leo Pilatus, first professor of Greek at
Florence, vii., 126 sq.; his transla-
tion of Homer, 126 note.

Leo Sguros, of Nauplia, vi., 436 note.
Leo, slave of the Bishop of Langres, iv.,
146 sq.

Leo, son of Bardas Phocas, v., 224 note.
Leo the Jew, founds family of the Pier-
leoni, vii., 259 sq.

Leo Tornikios, revolt of, v., 234 note.
Leonard Aretin, see Aretinus.
Leonardus Chiensis, on siege of Con-
stantinople, vii., 170 note; on cannon
of Mahomet, 177 note, 180 note; on
Giustiniani, vii., 200 note.
Leonas, the quæstor, ii., 431.
Leontia, wife of Phocas, v., 68.
Leontini, taken by the Saracens, vi., 41
note.

Leontius, Athenian sophist, father of
Eudocia, iii., 409.
Leontius, Bishop of Neapolis in Cyprus,
Life of John the Almsgiver, v., 171
note.
Leontius, Roman general, made gover-

nor of Greece by Justinian II., v.,
191; assumes the purple, 192;
death, 193.

Leopards, in possession of Bajazet Sul-
tan, vii., 40 note.

Leopolis, foundation of, vi., 45 and
note.

Leovigild, Gothic King of Spain, re-
ligious toleration of, iv., 99.
Lepaulle, on the reign of Probus, i., 353
note.

Leptis, city of, iii., 49 sq.; surrenders

to Belisarius, iv., 300; duke of, 310;
massacre of Moorish deputies at, 419.
Lesbos, island of, taken by John Vataces,
vi., 450 and note; recovered by
John Cantacuzene, 518; reduced by
Turks, vii., 203 note.

Lethe, castles on the Bosphorus, ii., 152
note.

Leuderis, Gothic commander in Rome,
iv., 332.

Leunclavius on the Turks, vii., 25 note,
67; his edition of Chalcondyles, 98
note.

Leutetia, ancient name of Paris, see
Lutetia.

Lewis, derivation of the name, iv., 108
note.

Lewis I., the Pious (Emperor), duel at
Aix la Chapelle before, iv., 137 note;
laws on falconry, v., 28 note;
donation of, 292 note; associated
in the empire, 311; receives embassy
from Theophilus, vi., 48; his dona-
tion to Hildegarde, vii., 230 note.
Lewis II., son of Lewis the Pious,
association of, v., 311; reigned in
Italy, 312; called "rex," 315; letter
of, to Basil I., vi., 176 note; death,
176.

Lewis VII., see Louis VII.
Lewis IX., see Louis IX.
Lewis of Bavaria (Emperor), excommuni-
cation of, v., 328; Senator of Rome,
vii., 242; interferes in papal elec-
tion, 251 and note; coronation of, 262.
Lewis of Hungary, appeals to Rienzi,
vii., 278.

Lewis the Child, vi., 148.
Lex, see Laws.

Lex de Imperio Vespasiani (Lex Regia),
i., 73 note; iv., 481 note; discovery
of, vii., 271 and note.

Libanius the Sophist, account of Julian,
ii., 271 note, 430 note; on Julian as
an orator, 453; on his religion, 467;
on the restoration of paganism, 472;
account of, and literary character
of, 513 sq. and notes; remarks on
Jovian's treaty, 550 and note, 553
note; funeral oration on Valens,
iii., 118 sq.; praises the moderation
of Theodosius, 217.

Libanus, iv., 464 and note; topography
of, v., 458 and note; colony of,
vii., 14.

Libel, law of, iv., 530.

Libellatici, ii., 114 note, 120 note.
Libelli, ii., 120 note.
Liber Censuum, Vatican Ms., vi., 194
note; vii., 224 note.

Liber Pontificalis, iv., 431 note; con-
tinuation of, vi., 271 note.
Liberiana Basilica, iii., 32 note.

Leti, Gregorio, his Life of Sixtus V., Liberius, Bishop of Rome, banishment

vii., 310 note.

Leucadia, Bishop of, vi., 74.

of, ii., 395 sq.; retracts, 396; ex-
pulsion and recall, 405 sq.

Leucothoe, or St. Cyprian, fair at, iv., Liberius, officer of Justinian, iv., 438.

206 note.

Liberius, Prætorian præfect, iv., 402.

Libertines, or freedmen, i., 44; iv., 502. | Litorius, Count, relieves Narbonne, iii.,
Libraries of Constantinople destroyed, 476; attacks Toulouse, ib.
Liturgy, Roman, of Gregory I., v., 37
and note.

vii., 206.

Libri Carolini, v., 298 note.
Liburnian galleys, i., 19; mentioned by
Zosimus, iii., 393 note.
Licinius, claimed relationship

with

Philip, i., 207 note; benefactor of
Tiridates, 395; birth, ib. note;
raised to the purple, 439; divides
the empire, 444, 466; alliance with
Constantine, 459; war with Maxi-
min, ib.; cruelty of, 460; wars
with Constantine, 464 sqq., 471;
defeated at Hadrianople, 472; death,
475; persecutes the Christians, ii.,
315 and note.

Licinius the Younger, Caesar, i., 467
and note; death of, ii., 222 and
note.

Liturnum, country house of the elder
Scipio at, iv., 57 and note.

Liutprand, Bishop of Cremona, v., 281;
on Nicephorus Phocas, vi., 59 note;
embassy of, 69 and note, 87 and note,
92 note.

Liutprand, King of the Lombards,
conveys relics of St. Augustine to
Pavia, iv., 308 note; v., 283 and
note.

Livy, on constitutional history of Rome,
iv., 471 note; on library at Alex-
andria, v., 483 note.

Lizios (Alios), Greek form for Liege-
man, vi., 531 and note.

Locri, or Santa Cyriaca, vii., 124 note.

Liegnitz, battle of, between Tartars and Locrians, republic of, iv., 474 and note.

Russians, vii., 16 and note.

Lieutenants, imperial, i., 70.
Lightning, i., 367 and note.
Lignitz, battle of, see Liegnitz.

Ligorius Pyrrhus, topographer, vii., 337
note.

Ligurians, i., 23 and note.

Ligurinus, the poem, authorship of, vii.,

229 note.

Lilius, ambassador of Phocas, v., 72.
Lilybæum, fortress of, ceded to the

Vandals, iv., 321; claimed by Beli-
sarius, ib.; destroyed by the Sara-
oens, vi., 40 note.
Limagne, plain of, iv., 144.
Limberch, ii., 8 note.

Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, ii., 232;
treachery of, 281; exterminated by
Constantius, ib.

Linacer, vii., 135 note.

Lincoln, Roman colony, i., 40 note.
Lindum, i., 40 note.

Lintax, name for Leith, vi., 286 note.
Lions, African, i., 102 note.
Lipari, Isle of, Attalus banished to, iii.,

364; volcano of, iv., 218 and note.
Liris, or Garigliano (river), fleet of Van-
dals and Moors at, iv., 22.
Lisbon, Saracens at, v., 514; silk manu-
facture at, vi., 76.

Lissa, city in Silesia, v., 61.
Lissus (Alessio), assembly at, vii., 158;

death of Scanderbeg at, 160.
Litarbe, ii., 514 note.

Literature, in the Roman Empire, i., 62;
decline of, 63; Byzantine, vi., 65
sqq., 110 sqq.

Lithuania, conversion of, vi., 172.
Liticiani (Gallic tribe), iii., 487 note.

Logos, the Platonic, ii., 356; opinion of
Athanasius on, 360 and note; of
the Christians, 358 sq.; of Arius,
365 and note; of the Gregories, 366
note; represented by the sun, 463
and note; opinion of the Docetes
on, v., 107; of Apollinaris, 112.
Logothete, office of, iv., 424 note; vi.,

85 and note; of the military chest,
85 note; of the Dromos, ib.; of the
flocks, ib.

Lollianus (Laelianus), tyrant, i., 296, 323
and note.

Lollius, Urbicus, wall of, i., 22 note.
Lombards, i., 262; adopt Nicene faith,

iv., 103; in Noricum and Pannonia,
368; origin of, ib. note; subdue
the Gepida, 369; destroy their
kingdom under Alboin, v., 6 sq.;
relinquish their lands to the Avars,
9; conquer Italy, 11 sqq.; king-
dom of the, 25; description of, ib.
sqq.; dress and marriage of, 29 sq.;
introduce the chase into Italy, 28
and note; government and laws of,
30 sq.; attack Rome, 282 sq.; de-
feat of, under Astolphus, 285.
Lombardy, v., 11; ravaged by Attila,

iii., 495; kingdom of, under Alboin,
v., 5 sqq.; destroyed by Charle-
magne, 307; Greek province of, vi.,

177.

London, Roman colony, i., 40 note;
Allectus at, 388.
Longaeus Rufus, i., 99 note.
Longinus, Exarch of Ravenna, v., 10
and note; lover of Rosamund, 15.
Longinus, tutor of Zenobia, i., 63 and
note, 326; death, 332,

Lonicerus, Chronica Turcica of, vii., | Lucian, Presbyter of Jerusalem, exhumes

170 note.

Lopadium, Louis VII. at, vi., 343
note.

Lorca, surrendered by Theodemir to the
Saracens, v., 511.

Loria, Roger de, see Roger.
Lothaire, Duke of the Alamanni, invades
Italy, iv., 448 sq.; death of, 450 and

note.

Lothaire I. (Emperor), constitution of,
iv., 133 note; associated in the
empire, v., 311; kingdom of, 312;
vii., 258 note.

Lothaire II., marriage of, vi., 92; opposes
Roger of Sicily, 218.

Lotharingia, or Lorraine, kingdom of,
vi., 289 note.

Loughborough, Lord, vi., 333 note.

the bodies of the saints, iii., 222 and
note.

Lucian, satirist, i., 62; Philopatris as-
cribed to, 366 note; on Christianity
in Pontus, ii., 62.

Lucifer of Cagliari, ii., 391 note; exile,
395; libels of, 403 note, 500 note.
Lucilla, purchases the Bishopric of
Carthage, ii., 122 note.

Lucilla, sister of Commodus, i., 95.
Lucillianus, Count, ii., 243; general of

cavalry in Illyricum, 435; taken
prisoner, ib.; death, iii., 5.
Lucius, Bishop of Alexandria, iii., 27.
Lucius II. (Pope), vii., 227; applies to
Conrad III., 234 note.

Lucius III. (Pope), vii., 227 and note.
Lucrine Lake, iii., 314 and note.

Louis, Count of Blois and Chartres, vi., Lucullus, i., 226 note; villa of, iv., 56;

395.

Louis le Gros, vi., 333 note.
Louis VII., v., 256; rescued by George

of Sicily, vi., 222; conducts second
crusade, 337 sqq.; his march through
Anatolia, 342 sq. and note.
Louis IX., v., 480 note; refuses knight-
hood to infidels, vi., 354 note;
crusades of, 374 sqq.; takes Dami-
etta, 375; captivity, ib.; ransom of,
376 note; death of, 377; generosity
of, to Baldwin, 454 and note; buys
holy relics from Baldwin, 456; last
crusade of, 496.

Louis XIV., ii., 476 note; sends ambas-
sador to Rome, vii., 310 note.
Lublin, city of, destroyed by the Mon-
gols, vii., 16.

Lucan, i., 126 note; Pompey of, v., 52
note.

Lucania, i., 335; forests of, iii., 320 and
note; Totila in, iv., 432 sqq.; Beli-
sarius in, 434.
Lucanians, i., 23.

Lucanus, Joh. Albinus, vii., 217 note.
Lucar, Cyril, Protestant patriarch of Con-
stantinople, v., 174 note.

Lucas Notaras, Duke of Constantinople,
see Notaras.

Lucas Tudensis, Gallician deacon, V.,
503 note.

Lucca, siege of, iv., 448 sq.; monopoly
of silk trade at, vi., 77; three hun-
dred towers at, vii., 327.

Lucerne, artificial grass, i., 58.
Lucian, Count of the East, put to death
by Rufinus, iii., 234.

Lucian, eunuch, protects the Christians,
ii., 125.

Lucian, martyr, iii., 26 note.

Augustulus banished to castle of,
57; other villas of, ib. note.
Ludewig, Life of Justinian, iv., 460 note,
470 note.

Ludi, Sarmatici, i., 470 note; Gothici,
ib. See Games.

Ludolph, Duke of Saxony, v., 312 note.
Ludolphus, Ethiopian History of, iv.,
412 note.

Ludovicus Vives, iv., 479 note.
Lugdunensis, Gallia, province, i., 22.
Lugdunum or Lyons, i., 22.
Lugo, camp of Musa at, v., 513.
Luke, St., body of, removed to Constanti-
nople, iii., 220.

Lulon, fortress of, v., 213 note.
Lupercal, situation of the, iv., 36 note.
Lupercalia, festival of, celebrated under

Anthemius, iv., 35 sq.; abolished
by Pope Gelasius, 36 and note.
Lupercals, confraternity of, iii., 200.
Lupicina, Empress (Euphemia), iv., 229.
Lupicinus, general, ii., 422 and note;

imprisoned, 428; fights for Valens,
iii., 16; governor of Thrace, 102;
oppresses the Goths, 103; defeated
by them, 105.

Lupicinus, St., iv., 112 note.
Lupus, Protospata, author of Chronicles
of Bari, vi., 188 note.

Lupus, St., of Troyes, iii., 484; Life of,
ib. note.

Lusatia, Wends of, iv., 316 and note.
Lusignan de, see Guy of Lusignan.
Lusignan of Cyprus, his gifts to Bajazet,
vii., 39.

Lusitania, province of Spain, i., 20; gold
of, 174; Alani in, iii., 365.
Lustral contribution [lustralis collatio
or chrysargyron], ii., 211.

Lutetia, ancient name of Paris, ii., 304 Macon, ii., 209 and note.

note.

Luther, doctrine of, vi., 131.

Macoraba, Greek name for Mecca, q.v.
Macpherson, Dr. John, iii., 43 note.

Luxury of the Greek emperors, vi., 79 Macpherson, James, iii., 43 note.

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Lyceum, of the Peripatetics at Athens,
iv., 280.

Lychnidus, or Achrida, vi., 137 and note;
flight of Alexius to, 209.
Lycia, province of, degraded by Rufinus,
iii., 231.

Lycophron, iv., 474 note.

Lycopolis, city of, iii., 190; John of, 191
and note.

Lycus (river), ii., 153 note; Theodosius
falls into, iii., 460.

Lydda, crusaders at, vi., 321.

Macpherson's Ossian, i., 141 note.
Macrianus, Emperor, i., 296.
Macrianus, Prætorian præfect under
Valerian, i., 290.

Macrianus, Prince of the Alamanni, iii.,
39.

Macrinius Decianus, i., 391 note.
Macrinus Opilius, i., 150; reign, 151
sqq.; death, 155; peace with the
Parthians, 222.

Macrobius, ii., 19 note; Saturnalia of,
iii., 317 note; his belief in the stars,
318 note.

Madayn, see Ctesiphon and Modain.
Madras, Church of St. Thomas near, v.,
161 and note.

Maecenas, a prætorian senator, i., 202.
Mæonius, i., 326.

Maeotis (lake), iii., 379 note.
Maesia, see Moesia.

Lydius, the Isaurian robber, i., 353 note. Maecenas, i., 37 note.
Lydus, John, iv., 242 note.
Lygians, i., 355 and note.
Lyons, battle of, Severus defeats Albinus,
i., 129; taken by Aurelian, 325;
Magnentius at, ii., 257; assembly
of bishops at, iv., 119; residence
of Gundobald, ib. note; taken by
Clovis, 120; by the Saracens, vi.,
15.

Lysias, speech of, iv., 532 note.

MAARRA, captured by Raymond
Bohemond, vi., 320 note.
Mabillon on monasticism, iv., 71 note.
Mabbog, see Hierapolis.

Macarius, commissioner in Africa, ii.,
410 and note.

Maffei, i., 38 note, 371 note, 451 note,
453 note; history of Venetia, iii.,
496 notes; interview between St.
Leo and Attila, 499 note; on dukes
in Italy, iv., 453 note; on amphi-
theatres, vii., 329 note.

Magdeburg, sack of, iii., 121 note.
and Magi, religion of, i., 213 sqq.; council
of, 214; power of, 218 sq.; spirit
of persecution of, 219; predict birth
of Sapor, ii., 237; restrained by
Constantine, 332; number of, 338
note; persecute the Christians, iii.,
412; persecute the churches of
Persarmenia, v., 43; persecute in
Persia, 77; fly to Arabia, 353 and
note; astronomy of the, introduced
into China, 438; fall of, in Persia,
517 sqq.

Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch, con-

demned by the third Council of
Constantinople, v., 151.

Macedonia, i., 25; invaded by the Goths,

311; given to Eastern Empire, iii.,
125; ravaged by the Huns, 450;
Macedonia secunda, iv., 267 note.
Macedonia, maid of Antonina, iv., 359.
Macedonians, sect of, iii., 26; tenets of

the, condemned, 156 and note.
Macedonius I., semi-Arian Bishop of
Constantinople, ii., 406; enters the
cathedral at Constantinople, 408;
oppresses the Orthodox party in
Thrace and Macedonia, 409; and in
Paphlagonia, 409.

Macedonius II., Bishop of Constantinople
(A.D. 496-511), exile of, v., 139.
Macellum, castle of, ii., 262.
Macepracta, town of, ii., 521.

Magic, practised by Julianus, i., 124;
by Severus, 139; by the Persian
priests, 219; under Valentinian and
Valens, iii., 17 sqq. and notes;
ancient belief in, 18; persecution
of, in Rome and Antioch, 19 sq.;
Roman law against, iv., 530.
Magister militum, peditum et equitum,
ii., 186 and note; utriusque militiæ,
ib.; in præsenti, ib.; per orientem,
iv., 293 note; in Armenia, ib.
Magister officiorum, ii., 194.
Magistracies, civil, laid aside by Dio-
cletian, i., 410 and note.

Machiavelli, i., 241 and note; on the Magistrates, Roman, i., 73 and note.

popes, vii., 308 note.

Magna Mater, cult of, i., 36 note.

Magnaura, Palace of, see Constanti-
nople.
Magnentius, saluted emperor in Gaul,
ii., 247 and note, sqq.; campaign
against Constantius II., 252 sqq.;
battle of Mursa, 253 sq.; defeat
and death, 257.
Magnesia, or Guzel Hissar, i., 54 note;
Theodore Lascaris died at, vi., 480
and note; Amurath II. retires to,
vii., 146 and note.
Magnia Urbica, i., 368 note.
Magnus of Carrhæ, ii., 541 note.
Magnus, senator, i., 187.

Magyars or Hungarians, iii., 441 note;
name of, vi., 143 sq.

Mahadi (Mahdi), caliph, son of Al-
Mansur, wealth of, vi., 25.
Mahadi (Mahdi), last of the Persian
Imāms, v., 417.

Mahadia, in Africa, vi., 220.
Mahmud, Sultan, of Delhi, defeat of,
by Timour, vii., 53.

Mahmud II., Sultan, massacres the
Janizaries, vii., 34 note.

=

Mahmud, Prince of Gazna, v., 4 note.
Mahmud, the Gaznevide, vi., 233 sq.;
assumes title of Sultan, 234; in
Hindostan, 235 sq.; character of,
236; death, 239.
Mahomet Mohammad, q.v.
Mahomet I. (Ottoman Sultan), son of
Bajazet, vii., 77; obtains Anatolia,
ib.; defeats Mūsā, ib.
Mahomet II., restores castles of Europe
and Asia, ii., 152; his descent from
the Comneni, v., 247; puts last
Duke of Athens to death, vi., 506;
marries Asiatic princess, vii., 66
note; besieges Belgrade, 155; char-
acter of, 166 and note sq.; reign,
168 sqq.; marriage, 169; hostile in-
tentions of, 169 sq.; builds fortress
on the Bosphorus, 172; prepares
for the siege, 174; great cannon of,
177; forces of, 180 sq.; head-
quarters of, ib. note; besieges Con-
stantinople, 185 sqq.;
employs
mines, 187; punishes Baltha Ogli,
191; transports his vessels ten miles,
192; constructs a bridge, 193; his
treatment of the Greeks, 208 sq.;
repeoples Constantinople, 209 sqq.;
his mosque, 210; his death, 217.
Mahomet, the Prophet, iii., 418 note;

adopts the Legend of the Seven
Sleepers, 438 note; date of his birth,
v., 43 note; rejection of his sum-
mons by Chosroes, 79 and note;
legendary embassies of, v., 79 note;

ancestors of, 350 and note; birth and
education, 355 sqq.; appearance and
character of, 357; true name of, 357
note; journeys to Syria, 359; his
knowledge of writing, 358 note; as-
sumes title of Prophet, 360, 361;
creed of, 362 sqq.; composes the
Koran, 364; prophecy of the Paraclete
applied to, ib. and note; miracles of,
367 sq.; vision of, 367 and note;
institutes a fast, 370; preaches at
Mecca, 375 sq.; Lives of, 375 note;
his disciples emigrate to Ethiopia,
378; his flight, ib. sq.; Prince of
Medina, 379; declaration to Ansārs
and Jews of Medina, v., 380 note;
regal and sacerdotal office of, 381;
military laws of, 383; wars of,
385 sqq.; subdues the Jews, 388;
submission of Mecca, 390; ten
years' truce with the Koreish,
ib.; submission of Arabia, 395;
embassy of, to Heraclius, ib.; ex-
pedition of Tabuc, 396 sq.; death,
397 sq.; epilepsy of, ib. note; tomb,
397 and note; character, 400 sqq.;
private life of, 402 sq.; wives, 403;
and children, 405; choice of a suc-
cessor, 407; success of his religion,
419 sq.; Life of, in Modern Univer-
sal History, 422 note; embassy to
Mokawkas, 477 and note.
Mahometanism, see Islam.
Maillet, M., Consul, his description of
Egypt, v., 486 sqq. note.
Maimbourg, History of Iconoclasm, v.,
268 note; on Alexius Comnenus, vi.,
298 note.

Maimonides, ii., 3 note.
Mainfroy, King of Naples and Sicily,
vi., 231; proscribed by the Popes,
495.

Mainotes or Eleuthero-Laconians, vi.,
74.

Mainz, see Mentz.

Maiuma, port of Gaza, ii., 503 note.
Majella, see Monte Majella.
Majestas, crime of, i., 89; law concern-

ing, under Arcadius, iii., 385 and
note; iv., 534.

Majo, Admiral, conspires against Wil-
liam I. of Sicily, vi., 227.
Majorca and neighbouring seas, Vandals
in, iii., 424; submit to Justinian,
iv., 308.
Majorian, Emperor, origin of, iv., 17;
panegyric of Sidonius on, 16 and

note;

made Emperor by Ricimer,
17; epistle of, to the senate, ib. sq.;
laws of, 19 and note, 20; protects

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