Leo IX. (Pope), his league with the two empires, vi., 188; Life of, ib. note; expedition of, against the Normans, 189; detained by them at Beneven- tum, 191 note; death, ib.; extant coin of, vii., 221 note.
Leo X. (Pope), vii., 308; munificence of, 337.
Leo of Tripolis, attacks Thessalonica, v., 220 note.
Leo Pilatus, first professor of Greek at Florence, vii., 126 sq.; his transla- tion of Homer, 126 note.
Leo Sguros, of Nauplia, vi., 436 note. Leo, slave of the Bishop of Langres, iv., 146 sq.
Leo, son of Bardas Phocas, v., 224 note. Leo the Jew, founds family of the Pier- leoni, vii., 259 sq.
Leo Tornikios, revolt of, v., 234 note. Leonard Aretin, see Aretinus. Leonardus Chiensis, on siege of Con- stantinople, vii., 170 note; on cannon of Mahomet, 177 note, 180 note; on Giustiniani, vii., 200 note. Leonas, the quæstor, ii., 431. Leontia, wife of Phocas, v., 68. Leontini, taken by the Saracens, vi., 41 note.
Leontius, Athenian sophist, father of Eudocia, iii., 409. Leontius, Bishop of Neapolis in Cyprus, Life of John the Almsgiver, v., 171 note. Leontius, Roman general, made gover-
nor of Greece by Justinian II., v., 191; assumes the purple, 192; death, 193.
Leopards, in possession of Bajazet Sul- tan, vii., 40 note.
Leopolis, foundation of, vi., 45 and note.
Leovigild, Gothic King of Spain, re- ligious toleration of, iv., 99. Lepaulle, on the reign of Probus, i., 353 note.
Leptis, city of, iii., 49 sq.; surrenders
to Belisarius, iv., 300; duke of, 310; massacre of Moorish deputies at, 419. Lesbos, island of, taken by John Vataces, vi., 450 and note; recovered by John Cantacuzene, 518; reduced by Turks, vii., 203 note.
Lethe, castles on the Bosphorus, ii., 152 note.
Leuderis, Gothic commander in Rome, iv., 332.
Leunclavius on the Turks, vii., 25 note, 67; his edition of Chalcondyles, 98 note.
Leutetia, ancient name of Paris, see Lutetia.
Lewis, derivation of the name, iv., 108 note.
Lewis I., the Pious (Emperor), duel at Aix la Chapelle before, iv., 137 note; laws on falconry, v., 28 note; donation of, 292 note; associated in the empire, 311; receives embassy from Theophilus, vi., 48; his dona- tion to Hildegarde, vii., 230 note. Lewis II., son of Lewis the Pious, association of, v., 311; reigned in Italy, 312; called "rex," 315; letter of, to Basil I., vi., 176 note; death, 176.
Lewis VII., see Louis VII. Lewis IX., see Louis IX. Lewis of Bavaria (Emperor), excommuni- cation of, v., 328; Senator of Rome, vii., 242; interferes in papal elec- tion, 251 and note; coronation of, 262. Lewis of Hungary, appeals to Rienzi, vii., 278.
Lewis the Child, vi., 148. Lex, see Laws.
Lex de Imperio Vespasiani (Lex Regia), i., 73 note; iv., 481 note; discovery of, vii., 271 and note.
Libanius the Sophist, account of Julian, ii., 271 note, 430 note; on Julian as an orator, 453; on his religion, 467; on the restoration of paganism, 472; account of, and literary character of, 513 sq. and notes; remarks on Jovian's treaty, 550 and note, 553 note; funeral oration on Valens, iii., 118 sq.; praises the moderation of Theodosius, 217.
Libanus, iv., 464 and note; topography of, v., 458 and note; colony of, vii., 14.
Libel, law of, iv., 530.
Libellatici, ii., 114 note, 120 note. Libelli, ii., 120 note. Liber Censuum, Vatican Ms., vi., 194 note; vii., 224 note.
Liber Pontificalis, iv., 431 note; con- tinuation of, vi., 271 note. Liberiana Basilica, iii., 32 note.
Leti, Gregorio, his Life of Sixtus V., Liberius, Bishop of Rome, banishment
Leucadia, Bishop of, vi., 74.
of, ii., 395 sq.; retracts, 396; ex- pulsion and recall, 405 sq.
Leucothoe, or St. Cyprian, fair at, iv., Liberius, officer of Justinian, iv., 438.
Liberius, Prætorian præfect, iv., 402.
Libertines, or freedmen, i., 44; iv., 502. | Litorius, Count, relieves Narbonne, iii., Libraries of Constantinople destroyed, 476; attacks Toulouse, ib. Liturgy, Roman, of Gregory I., v., 37 and note.
Libri Carolini, v., 298 note. Liburnian galleys, i., 19; mentioned by Zosimus, iii., 393 note. Licinius, claimed relationship
Philip, i., 207 note; benefactor of Tiridates, 395; birth, ib. note; raised to the purple, 439; divides the empire, 444, 466; alliance with Constantine, 459; war with Maxi- min, ib.; cruelty of, 460; wars with Constantine, 464 sqq., 471; defeated at Hadrianople, 472; death, 475; persecutes the Christians, ii., 315 and note.
Licinius the Younger, Caesar, i., 467 and note; death of, ii., 222 and note.
Liturnum, country house of the elder Scipio at, iv., 57 and note.
Liutprand, Bishop of Cremona, v., 281; on Nicephorus Phocas, vi., 59 note; embassy of, 69 and note, 87 and note, 92 note.
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, conveys relics of St. Augustine to Pavia, iv., 308 note; v., 283 and note.
Livy, on constitutional history of Rome, iv., 471 note; on library at Alex- andria, v., 483 note.
Lizios (Alios), Greek form for Liege- man, vi., 531 and note.
Locri, or Santa Cyriaca, vii., 124 note.
Liegnitz, battle of, between Tartars and Locrians, republic of, iv., 474 and note.
Russians, vii., 16 and note.
Lieutenants, imperial, i., 70. Lightning, i., 367 and note. Lignitz, battle of, see Liegnitz.
Ligorius Pyrrhus, topographer, vii., 337 note.
Ligurians, i., 23 and note.
Ligurinus, the poem, authorship of, vii.,
Lilius, ambassador of Phocas, v., 72. Lilybæum, fortress of, ceded to the
Vandals, iv., 321; claimed by Beli- sarius, ib.; destroyed by the Sara- oens, vi., 40 note. Limagne, plain of, iv., 144. Limberch, ii., 8 note.
Limigantes, Sarmatian slaves, ii., 232; treachery of, 281; exterminated by Constantius, ib.
Linacer, vii., 135 note.
Lincoln, Roman colony, i., 40 note. Lindum, i., 40 note.
Lintax, name for Leith, vi., 286 note. Lions, African, i., 102 note. Lipari, Isle of, Attalus banished to, iii.,
364; volcano of, iv., 218 and note. Liris, or Garigliano (river), fleet of Van- dals and Moors at, iv., 22. Lisbon, Saracens at, v., 514; silk manu- facture at, vi., 76.
Lissa, city in Silesia, v., 61. Lissus (Alessio), assembly at, vii., 158;
death of Scanderbeg at, 160. Litarbe, ii., 514 note.
Literature, in the Roman Empire, i., 62; decline of, 63; Byzantine, vi., 65 sqq., 110 sqq.
Lithuania, conversion of, vi., 172. Liticiani (Gallic tribe), iii., 487 note.
Logos, the Platonic, ii., 356; opinion of Athanasius on, 360 and note; of the Christians, 358 sq.; of Arius, 365 and note; of the Gregories, 366 note; represented by the sun, 463 and note; opinion of the Docetes on, v., 107; of Apollinaris, 112. Logothete, office of, iv., 424 note; vi.,
85 and note; of the military chest, 85 note; of the Dromos, ib.; of the flocks, ib.
Lollianus (Laelianus), tyrant, i., 296, 323 and note.
Lollius, Urbicus, wall of, i., 22 note. Lombards, i., 262; adopt Nicene faith,
iv., 103; in Noricum and Pannonia, 368; origin of, ib. note; subdue the Gepida, 369; destroy their kingdom under Alboin, v., 6 sq.; relinquish their lands to the Avars, 9; conquer Italy, 11 sqq.; king- dom of the, 25; description of, ib. sqq.; dress and marriage of, 29 sq.; introduce the chase into Italy, 28 and note; government and laws of, 30 sq.; attack Rome, 282 sq.; de- feat of, under Astolphus, 285. Lombardy, v., 11; ravaged by Attila,
iii., 495; kingdom of, under Alboin, v., 5 sqq.; destroyed by Charle- magne, 307; Greek province of, vi.,
London, Roman colony, i., 40 note; Allectus at, 388. Longaeus Rufus, i., 99 note. Longinus, Exarch of Ravenna, v., 10 and note; lover of Rosamund, 15. Longinus, tutor of Zenobia, i., 63 and note, 326; death, 332,
Lonicerus, Chronica Turcica of, vii., | Lucian, Presbyter of Jerusalem, exhumes
Lopadium, Louis VII. at, vi., 343 note.
Lorca, surrendered by Theodemir to the Saracens, v., 511.
Loria, Roger de, see Roger. Lothaire, Duke of the Alamanni, invades Italy, iv., 448 sq.; death of, 450 and
Lothaire I. (Emperor), constitution of, iv., 133 note; associated in the empire, v., 311; kingdom of, 312; vii., 258 note.
Lothaire II., marriage of, vi., 92; opposes Roger of Sicily, 218.
Lotharingia, or Lorraine, kingdom of, vi., 289 note.
Loughborough, Lord, vi., 333 note.
the bodies of the saints, iii., 222 and note.
Lucian, satirist, i., 62; Philopatris as- cribed to, 366 note; on Christianity in Pontus, ii., 62.
Lucifer of Cagliari, ii., 391 note; exile, 395; libels of, 403 note, 500 note. Lucilla, purchases the Bishopric of Carthage, ii., 122 note.
Lucilla, sister of Commodus, i., 95. Lucillianus, Count, ii., 243; general of
cavalry in Illyricum, 435; taken prisoner, ib.; death, iii., 5. Lucius, Bishop of Alexandria, iii., 27. Lucius II. (Pope), vii., 227; applies to Conrad III., 234 note.
Lucius III. (Pope), vii., 227 and note. Lucrine Lake, iii., 314 and note.
Louis, Count of Blois and Chartres, vi., Lucullus, i., 226 note; villa of, iv., 56;
Louis le Gros, vi., 333 note. Louis VII., v., 256; rescued by George
of Sicily, vi., 222; conducts second crusade, 337 sqq.; his march through Anatolia, 342 sq. and note. Louis IX., v., 480 note; refuses knight- hood to infidels, vi., 354 note; crusades of, 374 sqq.; takes Dami- etta, 375; captivity, ib.; ransom of, 376 note; death of, 377; generosity of, to Baldwin, 454 and note; buys holy relics from Baldwin, 456; last crusade of, 496.
Louis XIV., ii., 476 note; sends ambas- sador to Rome, vii., 310 note. Lublin, city of, destroyed by the Mon- gols, vii., 16.
Lucan, i., 126 note; Pompey of, v., 52 note.
Lucania, i., 335; forests of, iii., 320 and note; Totila in, iv., 432 sqq.; Beli- sarius in, 434. Lucanians, i., 23.
Lucanus, Joh. Albinus, vii., 217 note. Lucar, Cyril, Protestant patriarch of Con- stantinople, v., 174 note.
Lucas Notaras, Duke of Constantinople, see Notaras.
Lucas Tudensis, Gallician deacon, V., 503 note.
Lucca, siege of, iv., 448 sq.; monopoly of silk trade at, vi., 77; three hun- dred towers at, vii., 327.
Lucerne, artificial grass, i., 58. Lucian, Count of the East, put to death by Rufinus, iii., 234.
Lucian, eunuch, protects the Christians, ii., 125.
Lucian, martyr, iii., 26 note.
Augustulus banished to castle of, 57; other villas of, ib. note. Ludewig, Life of Justinian, iv., 460 note, 470 note.
Ludi, Sarmatici, i., 470 note; Gothici, ib. See Games.
Ludolph, Duke of Saxony, v., 312 note. Ludolphus, Ethiopian History of, iv., 412 note.
Ludovicus Vives, iv., 479 note. Lugdunensis, Gallia, province, i., 22. Lugdunum or Lyons, i., 22. Lugo, camp of Musa at, v., 513. Luke, St., body of, removed to Constanti- nople, iii., 220.
Lulon, fortress of, v., 213 note. Lupercal, situation of the, iv., 36 note. Lupercalia, festival of, celebrated under
Anthemius, iv., 35 sq.; abolished by Pope Gelasius, 36 and note. Lupercals, confraternity of, iii., 200. Lupicina, Empress (Euphemia), iv., 229. Lupicinus, general, ii., 422 and note;
imprisoned, 428; fights for Valens, iii., 16; governor of Thrace, 102; oppresses the Goths, 103; defeated by them, 105.
Lupicinus, St., iv., 112 note. Lupus, Protospata, author of Chronicles of Bari, vi., 188 note.
Lupus, St., of Troyes, iii., 484; Life of, ib. note.
Lusatia, Wends of, iv., 316 and note. Lusignan de, see Guy of Lusignan. Lusignan of Cyprus, his gifts to Bajazet, vii., 39.
Lusitania, province of Spain, i., 20; gold of, 174; Alani in, iii., 365. Lustral contribution [lustralis collatio or chrysargyron], ii., 211.
Lutetia, ancient name of Paris, ii., 304 Macon, ii., 209 and note.
Luther, doctrine of, vi., 131.
Macoraba, Greek name for Mecca, q.v. Macpherson, Dr. John, iii., 43 note.
Luxury of the Greek emperors, vi., 79 Macpherson, James, iii., 43 note.
Lyceum, of the Peripatetics at Athens, iv., 280.
Lychnidus, or Achrida, vi., 137 and note; flight of Alexius to, 209. Lycia, province of, degraded by Rufinus, iii., 231.
Lycophron, iv., 474 note.
Lycopolis, city of, iii., 190; John of, 191 and note.
Lycus (river), ii., 153 note; Theodosius falls into, iii., 460.
Lydda, crusaders at, vi., 321.
Macpherson's Ossian, i., 141 note. Macrianus, Emperor, i., 296. Macrianus, Prætorian præfect under Valerian, i., 290.
Macrianus, Prince of the Alamanni, iii., 39.
Macrinius Decianus, i., 391 note. Macrinus Opilius, i., 150; reign, 151 sqq.; death, 155; peace with the Parthians, 222.
Macrobius, ii., 19 note; Saturnalia of, iii., 317 note; his belief in the stars, 318 note.
Madayn, see Ctesiphon and Modain. Madras, Church of St. Thomas near, v., 161 and note.
Maecenas, a prætorian senator, i., 202. Mæonius, i., 326.
Maeotis (lake), iii., 379 note. Maesia, see Moesia.
Lydius, the Isaurian robber, i., 353 note. Maecenas, i., 37 note. Lydus, John, iv., 242 note. Lygians, i., 355 and note. Lyons, battle of, Severus defeats Albinus, i., 129; taken by Aurelian, 325; Magnentius at, ii., 257; assembly of bishops at, iv., 119; residence of Gundobald, ib. note; taken by Clovis, 120; by the Saracens, vi., 15.
Lysias, speech of, iv., 532 note.
MAARRA, captured by Raymond Bohemond, vi., 320 note. Mabillon on monasticism, iv., 71 note. Mabbog, see Hierapolis.
Macarius, commissioner in Africa, ii., 410 and note.
Maffei, i., 38 note, 371 note, 451 note, 453 note; history of Venetia, iii., 496 notes; interview between St. Leo and Attila, 499 note; on dukes in Italy, iv., 453 note; on amphi- theatres, vii., 329 note.
Magdeburg, sack of, iii., 121 note. and Magi, religion of, i., 213 sqq.; council of, 214; power of, 218 sq.; spirit of persecution of, 219; predict birth of Sapor, ii., 237; restrained by Constantine, 332; number of, 338 note; persecute the Christians, iii., 412; persecute the churches of Persarmenia, v., 43; persecute in Persia, 77; fly to Arabia, 353 and note; astronomy of the, introduced into China, 438; fall of, in Persia, 517 sqq.
Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch, con-
demned by the third Council of Constantinople, v., 151.
Macedonia, i., 25; invaded by the Goths,
311; given to Eastern Empire, iii., 125; ravaged by the Huns, 450; Macedonia secunda, iv., 267 note. Macedonia, maid of Antonina, iv., 359. Macedonians, sect of, iii., 26; tenets of
the, condemned, 156 and note. Macedonius I., semi-Arian Bishop of Constantinople, ii., 406; enters the cathedral at Constantinople, 408; oppresses the Orthodox party in Thrace and Macedonia, 409; and in Paphlagonia, 409.
Macedonius II., Bishop of Constantinople (A.D. 496-511), exile of, v., 139. Macellum, castle of, ii., 262. Macepracta, town of, ii., 521.
Magic, practised by Julianus, i., 124; by Severus, 139; by the Persian priests, 219; under Valentinian and Valens, iii., 17 sqq. and notes; ancient belief in, 18; persecution of, in Rome and Antioch, 19 sq.; Roman law against, iv., 530. Magister militum, peditum et equitum, ii., 186 and note; utriusque militiæ, ib.; in præsenti, ib.; per orientem, iv., 293 note; in Armenia, ib. Magister officiorum, ii., 194. Magistracies, civil, laid aside by Dio- cletian, i., 410 and note.
Machiavelli, i., 241 and note; on the Magistrates, Roman, i., 73 and note.
Magna Mater, cult of, i., 36 note.
Magnaura, Palace of, see Constanti- nople. Magnentius, saluted emperor in Gaul, ii., 247 and note, sqq.; campaign against Constantius II., 252 sqq.; battle of Mursa, 253 sq.; defeat and death, 257. Magnesia, or Guzel Hissar, i., 54 note; Theodore Lascaris died at, vi., 480 and note; Amurath II. retires to, vii., 146 and note. Magnia Urbica, i., 368 note. Magnus of Carrhæ, ii., 541 note. Magnus, senator, i., 187.
Magyars or Hungarians, iii., 441 note; name of, vi., 143 sq.
Mahadi (Mahdi), caliph, son of Al- Mansur, wealth of, vi., 25. Mahadi (Mahdi), last of the Persian Imāms, v., 417.
Mahadia, in Africa, vi., 220. Mahmud, Sultan, of Delhi, defeat of, by Timour, vii., 53.
Mahmud II., Sultan, massacres the Janizaries, vii., 34 note.
Mahmud, Prince of Gazna, v., 4 note. Mahmud, the Gaznevide, vi., 233 sq.; assumes title of Sultan, 234; in Hindostan, 235 sq.; character of, 236; death, 239. Mahomet Mohammad, q.v. Mahomet I. (Ottoman Sultan), son of Bajazet, vii., 77; obtains Anatolia, ib.; defeats Mūsā, ib. Mahomet II., restores castles of Europe and Asia, ii., 152; his descent from the Comneni, v., 247; puts last Duke of Athens to death, vi., 506; marries Asiatic princess, vii., 66 note; besieges Belgrade, 155; char- acter of, 166 and note sq.; reign, 168 sqq.; marriage, 169; hostile in- tentions of, 169 sq.; builds fortress on the Bosphorus, 172; prepares for the siege, 174; great cannon of, 177; forces of, 180 sq.; head- quarters of, ib. note; besieges Con- stantinople, 185 sqq.; employs mines, 187; punishes Baltha Ogli, 191; transports his vessels ten miles, 192; constructs a bridge, 193; his treatment of the Greeks, 208 sq.; repeoples Constantinople, 209 sqq.; his mosque, 210; his death, 217. Mahomet, the Prophet, iii., 418 note;
adopts the Legend of the Seven Sleepers, 438 note; date of his birth, v., 43 note; rejection of his sum- mons by Chosroes, 79 and note; legendary embassies of, v., 79 note;
ancestors of, 350 and note; birth and education, 355 sqq.; appearance and character of, 357; true name of, 357 note; journeys to Syria, 359; his knowledge of writing, 358 note; as- sumes title of Prophet, 360, 361; creed of, 362 sqq.; composes the Koran, 364; prophecy of the Paraclete applied to, ib. and note; miracles of, 367 sq.; vision of, 367 and note; institutes a fast, 370; preaches at Mecca, 375 sq.; Lives of, 375 note; his disciples emigrate to Ethiopia, 378; his flight, ib. sq.; Prince of Medina, 379; declaration to Ansārs and Jews of Medina, v., 380 note; regal and sacerdotal office of, 381; military laws of, 383; wars of, 385 sqq.; subdues the Jews, 388; submission of Mecca, 390; ten years' truce with the Koreish, ib.; submission of Arabia, 395; embassy of, to Heraclius, ib.; ex- pedition of Tabuc, 396 sq.; death, 397 sq.; epilepsy of, ib. note; tomb, 397 and note; character, 400 sqq.; private life of, 402 sq.; wives, 403; and children, 405; choice of a suc- cessor, 407; success of his religion, 419 sq.; Life of, in Modern Univer- sal History, 422 note; embassy to Mokawkas, 477 and note. Mahometanism, see Islam. Maillet, M., Consul, his description of Egypt, v., 486 sqq. note. Maimbourg, History of Iconoclasm, v., 268 note; on Alexius Comnenus, vi., 298 note.
Maimonides, ii., 3 note. Mainfroy, King of Naples and Sicily, vi., 231; proscribed by the Popes, 495.
Mainotes or Eleuthero-Laconians, vi., 74.
Maiuma, port of Gaza, ii., 503 note. Majella, see Monte Majella. Majestas, crime of, i., 89; law concern-
ing, under Arcadius, iii., 385 and note; iv., 534.
Majo, Admiral, conspires against Wil- liam I. of Sicily, vi., 227. Majorca and neighbouring seas, Vandals in, iii., 424; submit to Justinian, iv., 308. Majorian, Emperor, origin of, iv., 17; panegyric of Sidonius on, 16 and
made Emperor by Ricimer, 17; epistle of, to the senate, ib. sq.; laws of, 19 and note, 20; protects
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