ii., 458 and note.

Mamertinus, the panegyrist, i., 380 note,
387 note; consul, ii., 447 and note,
451 and note.

Mamgo, the Scythian, i., 396.

Malaga, reduced by Abdelaziz, v., 511;

seat of learning under the Arabs,
vi., 30.

Malalas, John, i., 364 note; on History
of Antioch, iii., 412 note.

Malamir, son of Omurtag, vi., 140 note.
Malarich, iii., 5.

Malasontha, see Amalasontha.
Malaterra, see Galfridus.

Malatesta, Italian family of, vii., 331.
Malatesta, Sigismond, Prince of Rimini,
vii., 167 note.

Malaxus, Emanuel, vii., 211 note.
Malazkerd, siege of, vi., 247; called
Manzikert, ib. note; battle of, 249.
Malchus, account of embassy from the
senate to Zeno, iv., 56 note.
Malchus, adventures of, ii., 240 note.
Maldives, islands, ii., 332 note.
Malek Rodosaces, Emir of the tribe of
Gassan, ii., 521.

Malek Shah, son of Sultan Alp Arslan,
vi., 246; conquests of, 253 sq.;
pilgrimage of, to Mecca, 255; death
of, 256.

Malespina Ricordano, on Charles of
Anjou, vi., 495 note.
Malleolus, P., iv., 530 note.
Mallevilla, name for Zemlin, vi., 286 note.
Mallius (Theodorus), Prætorian præfect,

ii., 184 note; epigram of Claudian
on, iii., 298 and note.
Malmistra, see Mopsuestia.
Malomir, son of Omortag, vi., 140 note.
Malta, i., 29; taken by the Saracens,

vi., 41 note; conquered by Roger of
Sicily, 220; Knights Hospitallers
at, 329.

Maltepe, Hill of, headquarters of Ma-
homet, vii., 180 note.
Maltret, Claude, publishes Paris edition
of Procopius, iv., 225 note; his un-
fulfilled promises, 328 note.
Mamaccae, on the Oise, Palace of the
Merovingians, vi., 13 note.
Mamachi, Father, ii., 307 note.
Mamalukes (Mamlūks), name, vi., 352

note; two dynasties of, 377 and
note; recruited from Circassia, 532;
defeat the Mongols, vii., 15; alli-
ance of, with the Khan, 22.

erus, i., 154; regent, 162; avarice,

171; murder of, 186; interview with
Origen, ii., 119.

Mamun, Caliph, v., 518 note, see Al-
Mamun.

Man, Isle of, inhabited by Scots, iii.,
44.

Mananalis, in Cappadocia, vi., 117 and
note.

Manat, Arabic, deity, v., 377 note.
Man-Chu, dynasty in Northern China,
vii., 7 note.

Mancipation, iv., 517 note.
Mancipium, explanation of that term
in Roman law, iv., 517 and note.
Mandæans, ii., 10 note.
Mandracium, suburb of Carthage, sacked
by a Roman officer, iv., 304; re-
stored by Belisarius, 304.
Manes, i., 220 note; ii., 351 note; tenets
of, revived, v., 151; rejected by the
Paulicians, vi., 118.

Mangi, name of Southern China, vii.,
11 note.

Mangū, grandson of Zingis, vii., 11 and
note.
Maniaces, George, Greek governor of

Lombardia, general, v., 232 note;
subdues Sicily, vi., 184 and note.
Maniach, Turkish ambassador, iv., 379
note; at the Byzantine court, 380.
Maniach, prince of the Sogdoites, iv.,
380.

Manichæans, ii., 15, 351 and notes; laws

against, under Theodosius, iii.,
160; persecuted by Hunneric, iv.,
91; persecuted in the provinces, 104;
on the nature of Christ, v., 108; in
Arabia, 354; desert the standard of
Alexius Comnenus, vi., 127.
Manilius, i., 95 note.
Manilius, Roman lawyer, iv., 498 note.
Manlius Torquatus, i., 68 note.
Manors or farms granted to the hospi-
tallers and templars, vi., 329 and
note.

Mansur, see Al-Mansur.
Mansur, Prince of Fars, opposes Timour,
vii., 49.

Mansūra, battle of, vi., 375 and note, 376
note.

Mantinium, ii., 409 note, 410.

Manuel, brother of Theodore Angelus,
vi., 458 note.
Manuel Comnenus, Emperor of Constanti-
nople, v., 245; wars of, ib. sq.; char-
acter, 246; repulses the Normans,
vi., 222; his ambition, 224; makes
peace with the Normans, 226; second
and third crusades in reign of, 340;
accused of treachery, 342; wives of,
387;
letters of, to Pope Alexander
III., 388 note; wall of, vii., 182
note.

Manuel Comnenus, first of the Comneni,
V.,
235.

Manuel Comnenus of Trebizond, vi., 439

note.

Manuel Comnenus, son of Andronicus,
v., 257.

Manuel Comnenus, brother of Alexius I.,
V., 239.

Manuel Palæologus (Emperor), vii., 41;
imprisonment and escape, ib.;
serves under Bajazet, 42; visits
French court, 43; returns to Con-
stantinople, 79; concludes treaty
with Mahomet, 80; death, 81, 103;
negotiations of, 101; dialogues of,
ib. note.

Manuel Palæologus, son of the elder
Andronicus, vi., 512.
Manuel, Roman general, 634 A.D., v.,
462.

Manufactures, Roman, i., 58.

Manumission, limitation of, i., 346 note.
Manus, power of a husband over his

wife, iv., 507 and note.
Manuscripts, ancient, destruction of, by
the Turks in Constantinople, vii.,
203 note, 206 and note.
Manzikert, see Malazkerd.
Maogamalcha, fortress of, taken by
Julian, ii., 525 sq.

Maphrian, Jacobite ecclesiastic, v., 164.
Maracci, Father, on the Koran, iii.,

418 note; on almsgiving, V., 371
note; on Paradise and Hell of Ma-
homet, 374 note.
Marasquin, vi., 403 note.
Marble, varieties of, i., 190 and note.
Marcella, a Roman lady, iii., 263 note,
343 note; taught by Athanasius, iv.,
66 note.

Marcellinus, brother of Maximus, iii.,
174.

Marcellinus, Count, Chronicle of, iii.,

281, 382 note; on treaty of Theo-
dosius with Attila, 456 note; on the
miracle of Tipasa, iv., 98.
Marcellinus, Count of the Sacred Lar-
gesses, rebels against Constans, ii.,
VOL. VII.-29

246; embassy to Constantius, 248;
death, 258 and note.
Marcellinus [Marcellianus], son of Maxi-
min, iii., 66 sq.

Marcellinus, Roman general, rules in
Dalmatia, iv., 27 sq.; acknowledges
and assists Anthemius, 37; expels
the Vandals from Sardinia, ib.;
flight to Sicily, 40; death, ib. note.
Marcellus, Bishop of Apamea, destroys
the temples, iii., 207 sq.
Marcellus, Bishop of Rome, ii., 139 and
note.

Marcellus Eprius, i., 89 note.
Marcellus, general of the cavalry in
Gaul, ii., 293, 294 note; son of,
executed, 450.

Marcellus, conspirator against Justinian,
iv., 457.

Marcellus of Ancyra, ii., 370 and note.
Marcellus, centurion, ii., 128.
March, Spanish, instituted by Charle-
magne, v., 307.

Marcia, concubine of Commodus, i., 100,
105; ii., 117.

Marcian, conspires against Gallienus,
i., 305.

Marcian (Emperor), iii., 406; marries
Pulcheria, 470; education and
character, 470 and note; his dream
before the death of Attila, 501; ac-
knowledges Avitus, iv., 10 and note;
death, 31.

Marcian (or Black) Forest, ii., 434 and
note.

Marcianopolis, siege of, by the Goths,
i., 265 and note; camp of Valens
at, iii., 64; revolt of the Goths at,
104; Attila defeats the Romans at,
449; position of, vi., 167 note.
Marcilian fountain, fair at the, iv., 205.
Marcion, ii., 52 and note.
Marcionites, gnostic sect, ii., 15, 86;

persecuted, 351; phantastic system
of, v., 107; in Arabia, 354; remnant
of, in fifth century, vi., 116.
Marco Polo, visits the court of the great
Khan, vii., 6 note.
Marcomanni, i., 254 and note.
Marcomir, Frankish king, iii., 283.
Marcus, see also Mark.

Marcus, Bishop of the Nazarenes, ii., 10.
Marcus (deacon), his Life of Porphyry,
iii., 403 note.

Marcus (Emperor), in Britain, iii., 287
and note.

Marcus Græcus, on Greek fire, vi., 11
note.

Mardaites or Maronites of Mount Li-
banus, v., 167 sq.; reconciled to

the Latin churches, 167 and note;
attack Damascus, vi., 4; in the
Greek navy, 97.

Mardavige, the Dilemite, v., 519 note.
Mardia, battle of, i., 465.

Mardin (Merdin), taken by the Persians,
v., 74 note.

Mardonius the eunuch, ii., 457 note.
Margaret, daughter of Catherine of
Valois, vi., 462 note.
Margaret of Hungary, wife of Isaac

Angelus, vi., 393 note, 435 note.
Margensis, or Upper Mosia, i., 376 note.
Margus, battle between Carinus and
Diocletian at, i., 376 and note, 470;
magazine of arms at, iii., 261;
meeting between Attila and Bleda,
and the ambassadors of Theodosius,
442; Bishop of, treats with the
Huns, 448; battle between Theo-
doric the Ostrogoth and the Romans,
iv., 198.

Maria, daughter of Emperor Manuel,
wife of Reinier of Montferrat, vi.,
404 note.

Maria, daughter of Emperor Maurice,
v., 56 note.

Maria, daughter of Eudemon the Car-
thaginian, iii., 436.

Maria, daughter of Isaac Comnenus, v.,
236.

Maria, daughter of Michael Palmologus,
marries Noga the Mongol, vii., 22.
Maria, daughter of Theodore Lascaris,
vi., 478 note.

Maria, sister of Alexius II., v., 253.
Maria, widow of Amurath II., vii., 163

Mark Antony, ii., 540 note; removes the
Pergamene library to Alexandria,
iii., 210 note.

Mark, Bishop of Arethusa, ii., 262 note;
persecution of, 490 sq.

Mark, Bishop of Ephesus, at Council of
Florence, vii., 114; opposes union
of the churches, 116; death, 142.
Mark I., of Alexandria, v., 138 note.
Markezina, the, mistress of John Vataces,
vi., 477 note.

Markland, Jeremiah, vii., 131 note.
Marlborough, battle of, iv., 160 and note.
Marmol, his description of Africa, v.,
489 note.

Maroboduus, King of the Marcomanni,
i., 254 note, 356 note.
Maroe, name for the Savus (river), vi.,
286 note.

Maron, a Syrian saint, account of, v.,
166.

Maronga, battle at, ii., 539.
Maronites, see Mardaites.
Marozia, Roman courtezan, v., 307, 320.
Marriage, of the Visigoths, iii., 354 note;

of the Lombards, 354 note; laws
of Majorian concerning, iv., 22;
Roman and Byzantine laws of, 507
sqq.; of the Caesars, vi., 90 sq.
Marsa, widow at Constantinople, perse-
cutes Chrysostom, iii., 396 note.
Marsala, built on site of Lilybæum, vi.,
40 note.

Marseilles, siege of, by Constantine, i.,
442; taken by Euric, iv., 108; pro-
vince of, ceded to the Ostrogoths,
118 note; resigned to the Franks,
128 and note; conquered by Theo-
doric, 199; port for Avignon, vii.,
276 note, 292.

note.

Maria, wife of Honorius, iii., 296.
Mariaba or Merab, i., 2 note.
Mariana, i., 241; his History of Spain,
v., 502 note.

Marina, daughter of Arcadius, iii., 406.
Marino, nobles gather at, against Rienzi,
vii., 283.

Marinus, elected emperor by the Moesian
legions, i., 257; murder of, ib.
Marinus, Prætorian præfect, iv., 259
note.

Marius Maximus (historian), iii., 317 and
note.

Marius of Aventicum, account of the
Burgundian war, iv., 121 note.
Marius, Tone of the Thirty Tyrants, i.,
297 sq., 323.
Marius, Villa of, iv., 57.

nore.

Marsi, i., 23.

Marsigli, Count, his Military State of the
Ottoman Empire, vii., 180 note.
Marsyas and Meander, rivers of Phrygia,
iii., 387 and note.

Martel, see Charles Martel.
Martialis, assassinates Caracalla, i., 150.
Martial, on Ravenna, iii., 274 note.
Martin, abbot, pilgrimage of, vi., 401

note; in Palestine, 405 note; pious
robbery of, 429 note.

Martin, brings Sclavonians and Huns to
siege of Rome, iv., 344.

Martin I. (Pope), presided at the Lateran
Council, v., 151; exile, 151 note,
276.

Martin IV. (Pope), excludes Michael
VIII. from Latin Church, vi., 495;

French Pope, 497; made senator,
vii., 242.
Martin V. (Pope), vii., 101, 104; election
of, 301; medals of, ib. and note;
restoration of Rome under, 336.
Martin, St., Bishop of Tours, ii., 334
note; toleration of, iii., 163; mira-
culous gifts of, ib. and note; de-
stroyed the pagan temples, 207 and
note; founds monasticism in Gaul,
iv., 66; life of, ib. note; miraculous
shrine, 101, 116; miracles of, 141

note.

Martin, Vice-Præfect of Britain, ii., 258.
Martina, wife of Heraclius, v., 82; as-
sumes the purple, 185; disgrace and
exile, 187.

Martinianus, named Cæsar by Licinius,
i., 474 and note.
Martius, Galeotus, on Matthias Corvinus,
vii., 156 note.

Martyrdom, criteria of, ii., 105.
Martyropolis, siege of, iv., 275; restored,

v., 55; taken by Persians, 74 note.
Martyrs, primitive, legends of, ii., 102;

honours paid to, 111; under Dio-
cletian, 124; number of, 146; wor-
ship of, iii., 219 sq.; fabulous,

221.

Maru, city of Khorasan, destroyed by
Zingis, iii., 452; tomb of Alp Arslan
at, vi., 253.

Marwan, caliph, see Mervan.

Maternus, insurrection of, against Com-
modus, i., 97.

Maternus, Julius Firmicus, on idolatry,
iii., 198 note; his Cato, 322 note.
Mathasuintha, iv., 353 note; mother of
Germanus, 356 note.
Mathematics, study of, by the Arabs,
vi., 31 and note.
Mathilda, Countess, vi., 271.
Matthew of Montmorency, vi., 395; at
passage of the Bosphorus, 409;
ambassador to the emperor, 414.
Matthew, St., Hebrew gospel of, ii., 60
note; v., 105 note.

Matthias Corvinus, see Corvinus.
Mattiaci, i., 357 note.
Mattiarii, iii., 117.

Ma Tuan-lin, Chinese book, iv., 245 note.
Maundrell, his account of march of the
Franks, vi., 321 note, 322 note.
Maurenahar, name for Transoxiana, see
Ma-wara-1-nahr.

Maurice (Emperor), Strategikon of, iv.,

371 note; commands the confeder-
ates, v., 20 and note; reign, 21 sqq.;
policy of, 21 note; Persian war, 22;
receives embassy of Chosroes, 53;
wars against the Avars, 61; his
books on military art, 63 note;
flight, 66; execution, 67; Life of, 72
note; pretended son of, 74 and note.
Mauringania, supposed seat of the Franks,
i., 274 note.

404.

Mary, daughter of Conrad of Montferrat,

vi., 451.

Mary, Queen of Bulgaria, vi., 494.
Mary, Virgin, worship of, by the Latin

Church, v., 162; Christians of St.
Thomas object to image of, ib.;
worshipped as a goddess by the
Collyridians, 361; doctrine of im-
maculate conception of, borrowed
from the Koran, 364 and note.
Masada, town near the Dead Sea men-

tioned by Pliny, iv., 64 note.
Mascezel, brother of Gildo, commands

troops against Gildo, iii., 247 and
note; his victory, 249; death, 250
and note.

Mascou on Roman law, iv., 489 note.
Massagetæ, invade Persia, ii., 244 and
note; sail for Africa, iv., 295.
Massoud (Masud), son of Mahmud the
Gaznevide, vi., 240.
Master-General, of cavalry and infantry,
see Magister militum.
Master of the Offices, see Magister
officiorum.

i., 28 and note, sq.; Genseric in, iii.,
425; relinquished to the empire by
Genseric, 433; ravaged by Genseric,
iv., 25; Gaditana, 315 note; Tingi-
tana, conquered by Akbah, v., 494.
Mauritanian Sifiti, province of, iv., 318.
Maurontius, Duke of Marseilles, vi., 18
note.

Maurus, iii., 114 note; betrays pass of
Succi to the Goths, 121.
Mausoleum (Rome), i., 48 note.
Mavia, reign of, v., 342 note.
Mā-wara-l-nahr, Transoxiana, iii., 91
note; vii., 11 note.

Maxentius, son of Maximian, revolt of,
i., 428; declared emperor at Rome,
434 sq. and note; excluded from
the succession by Congress of Car-
nuntum, 439 note; opposes Galerius
in Italy, 439; one of the six em-
perors, 440; tyranny of, 445 sq.
and note; civil war with Constan-
tine, 447 sqq.; leaves Rome, 454;
defeated by Constantine at Saxa
Rubra, 455; death, ib.; protected
the Christians, ii., 139.

Maximian, colleague of Diocletian, i.,
354, 378; emperor, 379 and note;
provinces ruled by, 382 and note;
defeats the Bagaudæ, 383 sq.; wars
of, 385 sqq.; triumph of, 406; ab-
dicates, at Milan, 417; reassumes
the purple, 442 and note; takes
Arles, ib.; death, ib. and note; per-
secutes the Christians, ii., 127, 138.
Maximianists, Donatist sect, ii., 355.
Maximilianus, martyr, ii., 128.
Maximin, courtier of Constantinople,
his embassy to Attila, iii., 459;
account of, ib. note; interview with
the ministers of Attila, 460; returns
to Constantinople, 467.

Maximin (Emperor), origin and reign, i.,
183 sqq.; character of, 186 and note;
marches into Italy, 198; death, 200;
portrait of, ib.
Maximin [Galerius Valerius Maximinus]
(Daza), Cæsar, i., 427; emperor,
440; divides the empire with Li-
cinius, 444; allies himself with
Maxentius, ib.; takes Byzantium,
459; death, 460; conduct towards
Valeria, 461 sq.; towards the
Christians, ii., 119, 142.

magic, 19 note; metaphysics of, v.,
106 note.
Mazanderān, Princes of, v., 418 note.
Mazara, Euphemius lands at, vi., 41;
physician of, at the court of Roger
of Sicily, 200.

Mazdak, the Persian Archimagus, iv.,
383 and note, sq.

Mazdakites, massacre of, iv., 385 note.
Mead, Dr., on the plague, iv., 468 notes.
Mebodes, general of Chosroes I., iv., 385;
death, ib.

Mebodes, general of Chosroes II., v., 54.
Mecca, v., 388 and note; Caaba at, 350;
besieged by Abrahah, 355 sq.; flight
of Mahomet from, 378; the kebla
of prayer, 388; taken by Mahomet,
390 sq.; Christians excluded from,
392 and note; college at, 524 note;
pillaged by Abu Taher, vi., 52;
Malek Shah at, 255; acknowledges
Saladin, 355; threatened by Regi-
nald of Chatillon, 358.

Medals, see Coins.

Media, Persian province, invites Tra-
jan, i., 7; vizier of, appointed by
Nushirvan, iv., 385.
Mediana, Castle of, iii., 11.

tyranny of, 66.

Maximinianopolis, see Messinople.
Maximus (Abbot), opponent of monothe-

litism, v., 151 and note; protected
by Præfect Gregory, 490 note.
Maximus, Emperor with Balbinus, i.,
195; reign, ib. sqq.; death, 203.
Maximus, friend and rival of Gregory
Nazianzen, iii., 153 and note.
Maximus, made emperor in Spain by
Gerontius, iii., 359; death, 360.
Maximus, Marius (historian), iii., 317
and note.
Maximus, military Governor of Thrace
with Lupicinus, iii., 102 sq.
Maximus, Petronius, Senator of the
Anician family, iii., 505; procures
the death of Valentinian, ib.; char-
acter of, iv., 2; epistle of Sidonius
on, ib. note; made emperor, 3;
marries Eudoxia, 4; death, 5.
Maximus, revolt of, in Britain, iii., 143
sq.; invades Gaul, 144; persecutes
the Priscillianists, 161 sq.; invades
Italy, 169 sqq.; defeat and death,
173.

Maximus, Roman Patrician, iv., 431.
Maximus, the Platonist, ii., 464; at the

court of Julian, 475 and note; at
Julian's deathbed, 544; on Valen-
tinian, iii., 8 note; charged with

vi., 33.

Medicis, Cosmo of, vii., 134.

Medicis, Lorenzo of, learning of, vii.,
134.

Medina, residence of Mahomet, v., 338
and note; under Scythian conqueror,
340; Mahomet made Prince of, 379
sq.; siege of, by Abu Sofyan, 387;
death and burial of Mahomet at,
399; acknowledges Saladin, vi., 355.
Mediomatrici, iii., 61 note.
Mediterranean Sea, included in Roman
Empire, i., 29.

Megalesia, Roman festival, i., 98 note.
Mekran conquered by the Saracens, v.,
440 note.

Melania, St., iii., 313 note; generosity
to the monks, iv., 75.
Melanthius, iv., 455 and note.
Melchites or royalists, eastern name for

Catholics, v., 153 sq. and note; of
Paphlagonia put Xenaias to death,
163; in Egypt, under the Arabs,
481, 522.

Meletians, sect of, ii., 386 and note.
Meletius, Bishop of Antioch, ii., 386

and note, 493 note; his death, iii.,
157 and note; persuades Chrysos-
tom to enter the Church, 395.
Melisenda, daughter of Baldwin II., vi.,
357.