iv., 94 note.

Primogeniture, iv., 519.

Princeps Senatus, i., 66, 108 note.
Principate of Augustus, i., 67 sqq.;
transformed by Diocletian,

note.

Printing in China, iv., 250.

378

Prior, chief of militia at Rome, vii., 304.
Prisca, wife of Diocletian, i., 462; em-
braces Christianity, ii., 124.
Priscian, iv., 284.

Priscillian, Bishop of Avila, execution
of, iii., 161 and note.

Priscillianists, persecuted by Maximus,
iii., 161 sq.; tenets of, 162.
Priscus, accepts the purple from the
Goths, i., 266.

Priscus, engineer, fortifies Byzantium
against Severus, i., 131 and note.
Priscus, general of the Emperor Maurice,
defeats the Avars, v., 63.
Priscus, Helvidius, i., 147 note.
Priscus, philosopher, ii., 544.
Priscus, the historian, his mention of

Eudocia, iii., 411 note; concerning
Attila, 440 note; on the wars of the
Huns, 448 note; meets a Greek in
the camp of Attila, 454; accom-
panies Maximin to Attila, 459;
account of, ib. note.

Priscus, Thrasea, i., 147 and note.
Priulf, Gothic leader, iii., 138 and note;
death, ib.

Proba, widow of the præfect Petronius,

iii., 346; flight of, to Africa, ib.
Probole or Prolatio, ii., 362 note.
Probus, chief of the Anician family,

iii., 308 sq. and notes.
Probus, general of Aurelian, i., 329;
opposes Florianus, 350 and note;
character of, 351; reign, ib. sqq.;
victories of, 353 sqq.; wall of, 357;
triumph of, 361; death, 362.
Probus, Prætorian præfect, iii., 67 sq.
and note.

Procession of the Holy Ghost, vi., 382
sq.; discussion concerning, at Fer-
rara and Florence, vii., 114.
Processions of the Greek emperors, vi.,

88 sq.
Proclus, the quæstor of Justin, iv., 221;
opposes the adoption of Chosroes,
383 and note.

Proclus, proposes to burn the fleet of
Vitalian, iv., 258.
Proclus, St., boy of, v., 139 note.
Proclus, the Platonist, iv., 283; Life of,
ib. note.

Proconnesus, Island of, ii. 160 and note.

tus, i., 67; of Asia, Greece, Africa,
Gaul and Syria, 70; of Asia, Achaia
and Africa, under Constantine, ii.,
180 and note.

Proconsularis (province), ceded to Van-
dals, iv., 2 note.

Procopia, consort of Michael I., v., 205
sq.

Procopius, father-in-law of Valens, iii.,

384; father of Anthemius, iv., 33.
Procopius, kinsman and general of
Julian, ii., 516; conducts Julian's
funeral, 556; adventures of, iii., 12
sqq.; death, 16.
Procopius, the historian,

account of
testament of Arcadius, iii., 403;
testimony uncertain, 506 note; ac-
count of the Vandalic persecution,
iv., 90 note; on battle of Vouillé,
126 note; on Britain, 168 and note;
character and writings, 224 and
note; his Edifices, 225, 264 note;
Secret History of, 286 note; serves
under Belisarius, 292 sqq.; defence
of archery, 295 sq.; confession of
dishonesty, 325 note; chronology of,
328 note; corrupt text of, 333 note;
description of temple of Janus, 338
note; mission to Campania, 344 and
note; on the Slavonians, 371 note;
estimate of numbers destroyed by
the Barbarians, 372 and note; on in-
vasion of Syria, 392; on Lazic war,
397 note; on troubles in Africa,
415 note; escapes from Carthage,
417; on state of Africa, ib.; history
of the Gothic war, 421 note; in
Corcyra, 438 note; alleged medical
skill of, 466; on the Plague, ib.;
on religion, v., 142 notes; seems to
promise an ecclesiastical history, 148
note.

Procopius, St., Church of, iv., 458 note.
Proculians, legal sect of, iv., 489 sq.
Proculus [L. Aradius Valerius], ii., 184

note.
Proculus, præfect, son of Tatian, iii., 230
and note; death, 231.
Proculus, revolt of, i., 360.
Proculus, Roman lawyer, iv., 490.
Procurators, ii., 196 note.
Professors, at Athens, iv., 281.
Profuturus, general of Valens, iii., 108.
Promotus, master general of the infantry,
iii., 135; exiled, 230.
Promotus, president of Noricum, am-
bassador to Attila, iii., 474 note.
Propertius, iv., 477 and note.
Porperty, Roman law of, iv., 515 sq.

murder of, v., 136.
Protestants, ii., 313; vi., 132 sqq.
Protosebastos, title invented by Alexius
Comnenus, vi., 84.
Protospathaire, Byzantine title, vi., 86
and note.

Protostrator, Byzantine officer, vi., 86.
Protosymbulos, name given by Theoph-
anes to the caliph, v., 498 note.
Protovestiare, officer of the Byzantine
emperors, vi., 85.

Provinces, Roman, i., 20 sq.; govern-
ment of, 38; division of the Latin
and Greek provinces, 41; division
of, between emperor and senate, 70;
oppressed by Maximin, 188; gover-
nors of, under Constantine, ii., 181
sq. and notes; Seven Provinces, iii.,
376 and note; assembly of the Seven,
ib. 377 and note.
Provincials (Provençals), vi., 291.
Prudentius, books against Symmachus,
iii., 204 note; against gladiatorial
combats, 272 and note.

Prusa, baths at, i., 49 note; taken by
the Goths, 284; Vetranio banished
to, ii., 251; reduced by Andronicus,
v., 256; conquest of, by Orchan,
vii., 25; see Boursa.

Prussia, Goths in, i., 262.

Prussians invade Britain, iv., 158.
Prypec, river, i., 263.

Psalliction, or the scissors, name given

to Alexander the Logothete, iv., 424.
Psalmody, ii., 404 sq.

Psellus, Michael, instructor of Michael
VII., v., 238; vi., 111 note; revived
study of Plato, vii., 132 note,

Psellus the elder, vi., 111 note.
Psephina, tower (Neblosa, Castellum
Pisanum) at Jerusalem, vi., 324 note.
Psylli, African tribe, iv., 37 note.
Ptolemais, or Acre, ii., 344 and note;
taken by Saracens, v., 469; see Acre.
Ptolemies, library of, iii., 210 note.
Ptolemy I., Sôter, i., 415 note.
Ptolemy II., Philadelphus, clears canal,

v., 485 note; navy of, vi., 96 note,
Ptolemy III., Euergetes, inscription of, at
Adulis, iv., 248 note,

Ptolemy, Roman senator, v., 321.
Pudentius, African subject, iv., 292.
Pugione, a, Cleander's title, i., 100 note.

Puisdu, Pierre, vii., 253 note, 298 note.
Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius the

Younger, Augusta, iii., 406; char-
acter and administration, ib. and
note; religious opinions of, 406; edu-
cates Theodosius, 408; Empress of
the East, 469; puts Chrysaphius to
death, ib,; marries the senator Mar-
cian, 470; death and canonization,
iv., 31 and note.

Pulci, Morgante Maggiore of, vii., 136
note.

Pule Rudbar, or Hyrcanian Rock, v., 49
and note.

Pullani, or Poullains, vi,, 327 note.
Punic idiom, i,, 41.

Punishments, capital, revival of, iv., 533.
Punjab, Timour in, vii., 53,
Pupienus, i., 204 note.

Purim, Jewish feast, ii., 79 note.
Purple chamber of the Byzantine palace,
vi., 81.

Purple colour, Phoenician, iv., 243 and
note.

Purple or porphyry, v., 221.
Purpurius, ii,, 353 note.
Pusæus, ii,, 521,
Pydna, iv., 184 note.
Pygmies, iii,, 54 and note.
Pylades, a dancer, i., 117.
Pyramids, Egyptian, vii., 317 and note.
Pyramus, river, v., 90 note.
Pyrrhic dance, i,, 12 and note.
Pyrrhus, iv., 335.

Pyrrhus, the Monothelite, v., 187.
Pytheas, of Marseilles, i., 261 note.

QUADI, subdued by M. Antoninus, i., 85,
253 note, 254; wars with Commodus,
94 sq. note; receive the Sarmatians,
ii., 232; subdued by Constantius,
278 sq.; oppressed by Marcellinus,
iii., 66; invade Pannonia, ib.; ap-
peal to Valentinian, 69.
Quadriburgium (Schenkenschanz), forti-
fied by Julian, ii., 301 note.
Quadrivium, vi., 111 note.
Quæstiones, iv., 539.
Quæstor, ii., 195-196 and notes.
Quarto-decimans, see Audians.
Quierzy, assemblies at, v., 285.
Quietists, see Hesychasts.
Quindecemviri, iii., 199.
Quinque Gentanei, i., 391 note.
Quintianus, Bishop of Rodez, iv., 124 and
note; life of, ib.
Quintilian brothers i., 96.

Quintilian, the critic, v., 484 note.
Quintilius [M. Aurelius Claudius],

brother of Claudius, i., 313 and note.

Quintus Curtius, i., 204 note, 226 note.
Quirites, i., 169 note.

RACCA, palace of Harun al-Rashid at, vi.,
37; see Nicephorium.
Racine, iii., 257 note.

Radagaisus, or Rhodogast, in league with

Alaric, iii., 264 note; invades Italy,
278; besieges Florence, 279; threat-
ens Rome, ib.; his defeat by Stilicho,
280; death, 281, 290.

Radbod, King of the Frisons, iv., 88
note.

Radiger, King of the Varni, iv., 169.
Radulphus Cadomensis on miracle of the
Holy Lance, vi., 318 note.

slain at, 295; entered by Ardaburius
and Aspar, 419; arsenal of, restored
by Majorian, iv., 24; besieged by
Theodoric the Ostrogoth, 192;
buildings of Theodoric at, 205 note;
taken by Belisarius, 353, 355 and
note; Narses at, 442; marshes near,
ib. note; exarchate of, v., 24 and
note; set on fire by Justinian II., 195
note; sedition concerning image wor-
ship at, 279 sq.; Greeks expelled
from, ib.; subdued by Astolphus,
283 and note; mosaics of, given to
Charlemagne, 292 note; marbles
taken from, to Aix la Chapelle, vii.,
323 and note.

436; vi., 242.

Ragnachar, dominions of, iv., 109 note.
Ragusa, i., 24; taken by the Saracens,
vi., 41 note; treaty of, with Murad
Sultan, vii., 33 note.
Rahdi, the Abbāsid, vi., 57.
Rahzadh (Persian general), defeats Hera-
clius, v., 75 note.

Rainulf, count, leader of the Normans,
vi., 183 and note; receives Siponto
and Mount Garganus, 187 note.

Ralph of Coggeshall, vi., 367 note.
Ramadan, Mahommedan fast, v., 370.
Rama, kingdom joined to Hungary, vii.,
297 note.

Rama, submits to Saracens, v., 467 and
note; crusaders at, vi., 321; battle
of, 359 note.

Raymond, Count of Toulouse, v., 245;
takes part in the first crusade, vi.,
276, 291; march to Constantinople,
296 sq.; relation of, to King of
France, 301; at Dorylæum, 308;
illness of, 309; at Antioch, 315;
guardian of the Holy Lance, 316;
expedition into Syria, 320; at siege
of Jerusalem, 323; saves the garri-
son, 324; refuses crown of Jerusalem,
324 note; death of, ib.

Raymond,

Count of Toulouse, in
thirteenth century, his heresy, vii.,
254 note.

Raymond, Count of Tripoli, treachery of,
vi., 358 sq.

Raymond des Agiles, on legend of the
Holy Lance, vi., 318 note.

note; battle of, 185.

Ramlah, see Rama.

Randnitz, vii., 288.

Rando, chief of the Alamanni, enters
Mentz, iii., 36.

Ranzanus, Peter, on Corvinus, vii., 156
note.

Raphael, his picture of the apparition of
SS. Peter and Paul to Attila, iii.,
500 and note; his fresco of the battle
of Ostia, vi., 44 note; finding of
his coffin, vii., 322 note, 337.
Rasaphe, or Sergiopolis, tomb of Sergius
and Bacchus at, v., 56 and note.
Ratchis, duke, v., 7 note.
Ratiaria, magazine of arms at, iii., 261;
destroyed by the Huns, 449 and
note.

Rationales, ii., 196 note, 197 and notes.
Ravenna, naval station, i., 19; besieged
by Maximian, 435; account of, iii.,
273 and note, sq. and notes; Stilicho

Razis, Arabian physician, v., 504 note.
Recared, son and successor of Leovigild,
conversion of, iv., 101, 153.

Rechiarius, King of the Suevi in Spain,
message to Theodoric, iv., 13; de-
feated by Theodoric, ib.
Recitach, son of Theodoric, son of
Triarius, iv., 186 note.

Red Sea, part of Mare Rubrum, v., 333
note.

Reformation, Protestant character and
consequences of, vi., 131 sqq.
Reformatores, council of the Seven, vii.,
304 note.

Reggio, conquered by Robert Guiscard,
vi., 195.

Regia Potestas, i., 71 note.
Regilianus, Emperor, i., 296, 300 note.
Reginald of Châtillon, vi., 358 and note.
Regnum, see Tiara.

Rehimene, province of, i., 404 note.

Reindeer in Germany, i., 233.
Reinier, brother of Marquis of Montferrat,
vi., 404 note.

Rei, see Rage.

Reis Effendi, principal secretary of the
sultan, vii., 158.

Reiske, vii., 135.

Reland, treatise on the spoils of the tem-
ple at Jerusalem, iv., 6 note; on
Mahomet, v., 372 note; on wars of
Mahomet, 384 note; on the Holy
Land, 461 note.

Relics, worship of, iii., 221; trade in, vi.,
429, 455 sq.

Remigius, Bishop of Rheims, iv., 115 and
note; epistles of, ib.

Remigius, master of the offices, iii., 49.
Renatus Profuturus Frigeridus, his char-
acter of Aëtius, iii., 473 note.
Renaudot, Abbé, v., 174 note.
Rennel, Major, his maps and memoirs of
Asia, iv., 247 note; maps of Hindo-
stan, vii., 53 note.

Rennes, subdued by the Britons of
Armorica, iv., 161.
Renuntiatio, i., 73 note.
Repentance, doctrine of, ii., 34.
Republic, Roman, name of, confined to
the Latin provinces, iii., 379.
Resaina, Persians defeated by Misitheus
at, i., 206 note.

Res mancipi, iv., 517 note.
Restan or Arethusa, ii., 490 note.
Restitutus, sub-deacon, confessor

who

spoke with tongues, iv., 98.
Restom, or Rostam, hero, iv., 387 note;
romance of Restom and Isfendiar,
ib.; see Rustan.

Resurrection of the dead, ii., 30; church

of the, on Calvary, ii., 483; Mo-
hammadan belief in, v., 371 sq.
Retiarius, i., 103.
Retz, Cardinal de, his description of Con-

clave of 1665, vii., 250 note, sq. note.
Revenue, total under Augustus, i., 174
and note; of the Christian Church,
ii., 53.

Rex, title of, vi., 341 note sq.

Rex Romæ, vii., 297 note.
Rex versuum, vii., 266 note.
Rhadagast, iii., 277 note.

Rhætia, i., 24, 353; invaded by the Goths,

iii., 264 and note; Alamanni in, iv.,
113 note.

Rhazates, general of Chosroes II., V., 96,
Rhegium, taken by Totila, iv., 437;

Columna Rhegina, v., 24 and note.
Rheims, taken by the Germans, iii., 285;

siege of, by Chlodwig, iv., 112 note;
baptism of Clovis at, 115 and note.

Rhetoric, study of, encouraged by Valen-
tinian, iii., 23; iv., 280.

Rhine, freezing of the, i., 232; seven
posts of Julian on the, ii., 301 and
note; fortified by Valentinian I.,
iii., 37; crossed by the Suevi, Van-
dals, Alani and Burgundians, 284.
Rhodanus, chamberlain, iii., 21 note.
Rhodes, Island of, conquered by Chosroes,
v., 77; attacked by Saracens, 472
and note; colossus of, ib.; reduced
by John Vataces, vi., 450; subject
to Michael, 490; conquered by the
Turks, vii., 27 sq.

Rhodope, ridge of mountains, iii., 107
note.

Rhodosto, Andronicus and John Pala-
ologus at, vii., 41.
Rhoteum, city of, ii., 155.
Rhyndacus, river, i., 285.
Riada, battle of, vi., 151 note.
Rialto, island of, vi., 396.

Riazan, city of, taken by the Mongols,
vii., 16 note.

Richard I. of England, in the East, vi.,
361, 364 sqq.; treaty with Saladin,
367 sq.; conquers Cyprus, 390; his
answer to Fulke of Neuilly, 394.
Richard, Canon of the Holy Trinity, vi.,
367 note.

Richard, Count of Aversa, vi., 190.
Richard de St. Germano, vi., 371 note.
Richard of Cirencester, i., 5 note, 40 note;
on Cities of Britain, iii., 45 note,
373 note.

for

Richard of Cornwall, candidate
Roman kingdom, v., 327 note.
Richomer, count of the domestics, iii.,
108; ambassador to the Gothic

camp, 117 sq.; retreat of, at Ha-
drianople, 118.

Ricimer, Count, family of, iv., 15;

destroys Vandal fleet, ib.; deposes
Avitus, ib.; consents to elevation
of Majorian, 17; causes his deposi-
tion, 26; reigns under name of
Severus, 27; negotiations with the
Eastern Empire, 30; marries the
daughter of Anthemius, 34; defeated
at Orleans, 41; resides at Milan,
45; marches to Rome, 47; takes
Rome, 48; death, 49.
Rienzi, Colà di, the Roman tribune,

account of, vii., 269 sqq.; assumes
government of Rome, 272; tribune,
273; laws of, ib. sq.; taxation of,
274; his Italian policy, 277; follies,
278; knighthood, 280 sqq.; coro-
nation of, 281; arrests Colonna and
Orsini, 282; fall and flight of, 285

500.

Roger, M., Carmen Miserabile of, vii.,
6 note.

Rohde, Th., on coins of Aurelian, i., 315
note.

Rinaldo, hero of Tasso, vi., 292 note.
Riothamus, British chieftain, sails up

the Loire, iv., 42.

Ripaille, hermitage of, near Thonon, vii.,
119 and note.

Ripuarian Law (Lex Ribuaria), iv., 131
and note.

Ripuarians or Riparii, join Theodoric

against the Huns, iii., 487 and note;
Franks, territory of, iv., 110 note.
Rizzo, Antonio, ship of, sunk by the
Turks, vii., 174 and note.
Roads, Roman, i., 54 and note.
Robert of Courtenay, Emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi., 450 sq.

Robert, Count of Flanders, letter of
Alexius I. to, vi., 261 note; in first
crusade, 290; march to Constanti-
nople, 297, 301.

Robert, King of Naples, vii., 324 and
note.

Robert, Duke of Normandy, in first

crusade, vi., 290; march to Con-
stantinople, 297; at siege of Nice,
312; refused crown at Jerusalem,
324 note.

Robert of Paris, ascends the throne of
Alexius, vi., 302 and note.

Roderic, of Toledo, v., 504 note, 508 note.
Roderic the Goth, iv., 153; supplants

the sons of Witiza, v., 503; escapes
from battle of Xeres, 506; legend
of, 507 note.

Rodosto or Rhaedestus, vi., 443.
Rodugune, iv., 170.

Rogatian, consular of Tuscany, iv., 22
note.

Rogatians, Donatist sect of, ii., 355.
Rogatus, father of Paula, iii., 306.
Roger I., Count of Sicily, measures

Naples, iv., 330 note; introduces
silk manufacture into Sicily, vi., 76.
Roger II., Count of Sicily, conquers Sicily,
vi., 199 sqq.; reign of, 217 sqq.
Roger de Flor, Catalan chief, account
of, vi., 501 note; Admiral of Ro-
mania, ib.; made Cæsar, 503; death
of, ib.

Rollo, funeral of, vi., 181 note.
Roman Empire, Holy, foundation of,

v., 300; division of, 888 A.D., 312
sq.; transactions of the Western
and Eastern empires, 314 sq.; elec-
toral college of, 327 sq. note; aboli-
tion of, vii., 219 note; relations of
emperors to popes, 219 sqq.

Roman Empire, its decline, author's
Preface, i., v. sqq.; in the second
century, 1; boundaries under
Augustus, 3; military establish-
ment, 10 sqq.; naval and military
force of, 20; extent of the em-
pire, 29; population, 46 and note;
union of, 47; number of cities in,
52 and note; refinement and luxury,
58; eastern commerce of, 59 sq.;
felicity and decline of, in second
century, 61 sqq.; condition after
the battle of Actium, 65 sq.; im-
perial system, 74; happiest period
of, 85; sale of, by the prætorians,
116 sq.; civil wars of, 127 sq.; at-
tempted division of, by Caracalla
and Geta, 144 and note; under
Severus, 166; finances of, 171 sqq.;
want of hereditary succession, 182;
decline of, 209; limits of, under
Philip the Arabian, 210; invasion
of the Goths, 261 sq.; division of,
under Diocletian, 382 and note;
treaty between Diocletian and
Narses, 404 sqq.; decline of the arts
and letters, 422 sq.; disturbances
after Diocletian's abdication, 425
sqq.; six emperors, 440; under
Maximin and Licinius, 444; war
between Constantine and Maxen-
tius, 447 sqq.; division of, between
Constantine and Licinius, 463;
treaty of peace after the battle of
Mardia, 466; united under Con-
stantine the Great, 476; divided
into 116 provinces, ii., 181; division
among the sons of Constantine,
237; Christianity the national re-
ligion, 330 sqq.; treaty of Dura,
memorable æra in the decline of,
556; division into East and West
under Valentinian I., iii., 11; fall
of, dates from reign of Valens, 73.
See Greek Empire, Western Empire.
Roman island, i., 351 note.