Roman religion, i., 32 note.
Romans, number of, in the Punic war,
iii., 305 and note; in Gaul, under
the Merovingians, iv., 148 and note
sqq.; language of, 150 and note;
their fondness for the factions of
the circus, 233 sq.; intercourse with
the Greeks, 474; name of, in the
empire of Constantinople, vi., 108.
Romanus I., Lecapenus, commands
fleet, v., 222 and note; reign, 222;
rebellion of his children, 223; com-
pared to Pippin, 228 note.
Romanus II. (Emperor), v., 224; children
of, 225.
Romanus III., Argyros (Emperor), v.,
231 sq.
Romanus IV., Diogenes, marries Eudo-
cia, v., 237; deposed, 238; his wars
against the Turks, vi., 247; de-
feated by Alp Arslan, 248; captivity
and deliverance of, 250.
Romanus, son of Constantine Porphyro-
genitus, vi., 91.
Romanus, Count, in Africa, iii., 48 sqq.;
chronological
Romanus, governor of Bosra, v., 445.
Romanus, military duke, ambassador
to Attila, iii., 474 note.
Rome, Church of, foundation of, ii.,
50 and note; statistics of, in third
century, 65 and notes; under Con-
stantine, 404 sqq.; vices under Va-
lentinian, iii., 31; accepts image
worship, v., 274; discipline different
from that of the Greek Church, vi.,
383; quarrel with Greek Church,
384 sqq.; corruption of, vii., 104;
great schism of, 297 sqq.
Rome, greatness of, i., 31; foreign
creeds in, 35; number of citizens,
37; freedom of, ib. sq.; monuments
at, 47 and note; date of its founda-
tion, 209 note; threatened by the
Alemanni, 277; pestilence in, under
Gallienus, 302; fortified by Aurelian,
322; sedition at, under Aurelian,
337; Diocletian and Maximinian,
first emperors who did not live in,
407; Diocletian visits Rome, 408;
Maxentius resides at, 447; Babylon
of the primitive Christians, ii., 27;
destruction of, predicted, ib.; fire
under Nero, 90; præfects of, 180;
vicars of, 181 note; visit of Con-
stantius to, 276 sqq.; council of,
353; appeals to See of Rome sanc-
tioned by the Council of Sardica,
390 note; 424 temples at, 482 note;
inquiry concerning magic at, iii., 17
sq.; conversion of, to Christianity,
203 sqq.; prosperity in the Theo-
dosian age, 308 sqq.; description
of, 311 sqq.; population of, 323 sq.
and note; house rent, 325 and note;
siege by Alaric, 326 sqq.; second
siege, 334 sqq.; third siege, 339 sqq. ;
pillage and fire of, 341 sqq.; restora-
tion of the Fora of, 344 note; sack
of, by troops of Charles V., 346 sq.;
laws for the relief of, 356; restora-
tion of the city, ib. and note;
sacked by Genseric, iv., 5 sq.;
Majorian protects the edifices of,
21 sq.;
sacked by Ricimer, 48
sq.; monasticism in, 65; under
Theodoric the Great, 203 sqq.;
citizens invite Belisarius, 333; siege
by Vitiges, ib. sqq.; circumference
of, 336 and note; distress during
the siege, 341 sqq.; besieged by
Totila, 427 sqq.; famine, 428;
taken by Totila, 430; by Belisarius,
433; retaken by Totila, 436; by
Narses, 445; five sieges of, ib. and
note; citizens send embassies to
Tiberius and Maurice, v., 22; duchy
of, 24; subject to the exarchs, ib.
sq.; depopulation, 33 sq.; preserved
by the relics of the apostles, 34 sq.;
temples of, attacked by Gregory I.,
34; republic of, 280; territory of
the duchy of, ib. and note; style of
the Roman senate and people re-
vived, 281; attacked by the Lom-
bards, 282; saved by Pepin, 284
sq.; separation from the Eastern
Empire, 298 sq.; plundered by the
Arabs, vi., 42 sq.; Constans II.
attempts to restore seat of empire
to, 106; siege of, by Henry III.
of Germany, 212; Saracens under
Robert Guiscard at, 214; compared
with Constantinople, vii., 138; re-
volutions at, from the eleventh
century, 218 sqq.; French and
German emperors of, 219 sqq.; au-
thority of the popes, 221 sqq.; St.
Bernard's character of the Romans,
228 and note; restoration of the
senate, consuls and tribunes, 233
sqq.; of the Capitol, 235; of the
præfects of the city, 237 sq.; the
revolution of A.D. 1191, 240 note;
first municipal statute of, ib.; wars
with neighbouring cities, 246 sqq.;
popes
reside at Avignon, 255;
nobles and barons of, 258 sqq.;
coronation of Petrarch at, 268 sq.;
ib. Of the Cenci, 328 note.
Colonna, 316 note, 327 note.
Cosecti, 327 note. Of the Frangi-
pani, ib. Of the Pierleoni, 226
note, 328 note. Of the Savelli, 327
note. St. Angelo, 259, 316, 328 and
note.
Catulus, vaults of, vii., 314.
conspiracy of Rienzi, 272; city | Rome, topography and buildings-con-
under his administration, 273 sqq.;
taxation of, 274; population in
fourteenth century, ib. note, 326
and note; in sixteenth century, ib. ;
in eighteenth century, 336 note;
Pope Gregory XI. returns from
Avignon to, 293; state of during
the great schism, 297; last revolt
of, 301; last coronation of a German
emperor at, 302; statutes and
government of, 303 sqq.; councils
of, 304 sq.; conspiracy of Por-
caro at, 305 sqq.; last disorders of
the nobles, 306; absolutely ruled
by the popes, 307 sqq.; taken
by Charles V., 308; authorities for
its history in the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries, 311 note; quar-
tieri (franchises) of, 310 and note;
Poggius' description of, 313 sqq.;
her buildings and ruins, ib.; decay
of, 316 sq.; four causes of destruc-
tion, 317 sqq.; games at Rome,
330; bull-fight at, 331 sqq.; bar-
barism of the Romans, 334 sqq.;
restored under Martin V. and his
successors, 336 sqq.
Rome, topography and buildings :-
Amphitheatre of Titus, see Colos-
Aqueducts, vii., 337.
Arches of Antoninus, vii., 327 note.
Augustus, 315 note. Claudius, ib.
Constantine, 315. Faustina, ib.
Gallienus, ib. Julius Cæsar, 327
note. Lentulus, 315 note. Seve-
rus, 315. Tiberius, ib. note. Titus,
315, 327 note.
Augustus, Mausoleum of, vii., 316 and
note.
Basilica Julii, iv., 355 note.
Baths of: Alexander, vii., 315 and
note. Caracalla, iii., 321 sq.; vii.,
314. Constantine, 315, 335. Decius,
315 note. Diocletian, i., 433 and
note; vii., 314. Nero, 315 note.
Titus, 315 and note. Trajan, 315
note.
Scipio Africanus, iii., 321
note.
Bridges Milvian, vii., 243. Salarian,
inscription on, iv., 440 note. Of St.
Angelo, vii., 256 note.
Cæcilia Metella, tomb of, vii., 325
note, 327 and note.
Campus Martius, vii., 324.
Capitol, see below, under Hills.
Castles Torre di Bove, vii., 327 note.
Of the Brati, 327 note. Cartularia,
Cestius, pyramid of, vii., 314.
Churches, shape of, vii., 324. St.
Angelo, vii., 272. St. George, ib.
St. John Lateran, lex regia in, 271
and note, 332. St. Maria in Ara
Coli, 236 note, 280 note.
in Turri, 224 note.
Maggiore, 314 note, 332. St. Maria
sopra Minerva, 322 note, 323 note
(Pantheon). St. Paul, pilgrimage
to, a title to absolution, 256. St.
Peter, first coronation in, 220 note;
pilgrimage to, a title to absolution,
256, 325; its defences, 328; "the
most glorious" religious structure,
337. St. Stephen (in Piazza di
Pietra), 315 note.
Circus Agonalis, vii., 330 and note.
Colosseum or Coliseum, vii., 329 sqq.;
used as a quarry, 332 sq.
Columns of: Marcus Antoninus, vii.,
315 and note. Trajan, 315.
Constantine, church and palace of,
vii., 280.
Crescentius, Tower of, vii., 259.
Forum olitorium, vii., 236 note.
Gates; Asinarian, Belisarius enters
Rome by, iv., 333, 343; opened by
Isaurians to Totila, 431. Aurelian,
346 and note. Capena, 344 and note.
Flaminian, opened to Belisarius,
335. Maggiore, 339. Pincian, 340
and note. St. Paul, opened to
Goths, 437. Salarian, 335; as-
saulted by Vitiges, 339; Goths
enter by, 343 note.
Goths, camps of the, at the gates, iv.,
337 note.
Hadrian, Mausoleum of (Castle of St.
Angelo), iv., 337 and note; vii.,
259, 316, 327 sq. and note.
Hills Aventine, vii., 272. Capito-
line, in Middle Ages, 235 and note;
fortification of, 236; Poggius on,
314 and note; legend of the capitol,
334 sq. and note. Palatine, Poggius
on, 314. Tarpeian, 236 note. Tes-
tacean, 330 and note.
Lateran, see under Churches and
Palaces.
Rome, topography, and buildings-con- | Rome, New, ii., 168, see Constanti-
tinued-
Leonine city, foundation of, vi., 45 Romilda, v., 80.
Library, Palatine, destroyed by Gre-
gory I., v., 34.
Meta Romuli, vii., 256 note.
Monasteries, vii., 325 and note.
Navalia, near Monte Testaceo,
437 note.
Navona, vii., 330 note.
Romuald, Duke of Beneventum, v., 26
note.
Romulus, Count, ambassador to Attila,
iii., 474 note; his daughter, mother
of Augustulus, iv., 56.
iv., Romulus, King, interregnum after, i., 343.
Romulus, son of Maxentius, i., 445 note.
Roncaglia, diet of, v., 324.
Roncevalles, battle of, v., 304.
Rorico, iv., 127 note, sq. note.
Rosamund, daughter of
Nero's tower, Garden of, vii., 331.
Obelisks, Egyptian, ii., 277 and note;
vii., 315 and note, 337.
Palaces: of Constantine, see above,
Constantine. Farnese, vii., 333.
Lateran, restored by Calixtus II.,
227; Charles of Anjou in, 241; de-
cay of, 292. Numa, 318 note, sq.
note. Pincian, iv., 343 and note;
of Severus (Septizonium), defended
by nephew of Gregory VII., vi.,
213; history and remains of, vii.,
317 and note, 324, 327. Vatican,
decay of, 292. Of Sallust, see
Sallust.
Pomorium, vii., 271 note.
Porticus crinorum, vii., 236 note.
Regions of, vii., 327 and note.
Rota porphyretica, vii., 220 note.
St. Laurence, suburb of, vii., 273.
St. Silvester, convent of, vii.,
note.
Septizonium, see Palace of Severus.
Stadium, vii., 315 note.
Statues horses "of Phidias
Praxiteles," vii., 316, 334, 335 note;
the Nile, 335; of Pompey, 335.
Tabularium, vii., 236 note.
Temples of Concord, vii., 325 and
note. Hercules (dedicated by
Evander), 318 note. Janus, iv., 338
and note; vii., 327 note. Jupiter
Capitolinus, 236 and note. Jupiter
Stator, 318 note. Minerva, 335.
The Moon, 318 note. Neptune, 315
note. The Pantheon, 314, 322 and
note, sq. and note. Peace, v., 34;
vii., 314; burned under Commodus,
iv., 6 note. Vesta, 318 note, sq. note.
Theatres of: Balbus, vii., 328 note.
Marcellus, v., 34; vii., 226 note,
315, 327 and note. Pompeius, 315,
327 and note.
Vatican quarter, iv., 340 (and see
under Palaces).
Via Flaminia, Narses on the, iv., 442
and note.
Via Latina, iv., 333.
Vivarium, iv., 339 and note.
King of the Gepida, marries Alboin,
v., ; murders him, 13 sq.; flight
and death, 14.
Roselli, Nicolò, vii., 225 note.
Rospigliosi, Italian family, vii., 261
Rossano, held by the Goths, iv., 434 and
note; seven convents at, vii., 123
note.
Rosweyde, Lives of the Fathers, iv., 81
note.
Rotharis, King of the Lombards, iv., 103
note; laws of, v., 27 note; concern-
ing witchcraft, 32.
Rotrud, daughter of Charles the Great,
V., 202 note.
Rouda, island of the Nile at Memphis,
Roum, Seljukian kingdom of, vi., 260
Roumelia, i., 25; Eastern and Western,
ib. note.
Rousseau, on animal food, iii., 75 note;
his parallel between Christ and
Socrates, v., 111 note.
Rovere, Jacova di, vii., 331.
Rowe, Mr., his tragedy of the Royal
Convert, iv., 170 note.
Roxolani, Sarmatian tribe, i., 263, 300
note; iii., 96 and note.
Rubies, in the East, vi., 237 and note;
in caliph's treasure at Cairo, 350
note.
Rubruquis, the monk, traveller, iii., 92
note; visits the court of the great
Khan, vii., 6 note, 20 note.
Rudbeck, Olaus, i., 233 note, sq.
Rudolph, Emperor, v., 327 note.
Rudolph, Norman adventurer in Italy,
vi., 182 note.
Rufinus, minister of Theodosius the
Great, iii., 182; eye-witness of the
destruction of the temple of Serapis,
209 note; character and adminis-
tration, 229 sqq.; accuses Tatian
and Proculus, 230; præfect of the
East, 232; oppresses the East, ib. | Sabaria, Severus declared emperor at,
sqq.; death, 241; correspondence
with the Goths, 254.
Rufinus, presbyter of Aquileia, ii., 332
note; iii., 263 and note; on monastic
institutions, iv., 70 note.
Ruga, Spurius Carvilius, iv., 510 note.
Rugians, at the battle of Châlons, iii.,
489; invade Britain, iv., 158; usurp
Gothic throne, 422.
Rugilas, or Roas, uncle of Attila, iii.,
441; death, 442.
Rukn ad-dawla, principality of, vi., 57
note.
Rukn ad-Din, prince of the Assassins,
vii., 13 note.
Rumili Hissari, see Asomaton.
Rūmiya, city of, iv., 394 note.
Runic characters, i., 235 note.
Ruotgerus, biographer of St. Bruno, v.,
312 note.
Ruric, Scandinavian chief, vi., 155 and
note.
Ruscianum, see Rossano.
Rusium, battle at, vi., 444.
Russia, empire of, iv., 177; geography
and trade of, vi., 157 sqq.; conquest
of, by the Mongols, vii., 15 sq.
Russians, serve in the Greek navy, vi.,
97; their origin, 154; Greek form
of the name, ib. note; colony of,
in Hungary, 153; extent of their
empire, 157 sq.; expedition of the,
against Constantinople, 160 sqq.;
their negotiations with the Greek
emperor, 163 sq.; oppose the union
of the Greek and Latin Churches,
vii., 143.
Rustam, general of Yezdegerd, King of
Persia, v., 431; slain by an Arab,
ib.
Rustan, i., 87, 221 note; and Asfendiar,
Persian heroes, iii., 84; see Restom.
Rusticiana, widow of Boethius, iv., 212;
alleviates the famine in Rome, 432.
Rutherius of Verona, vi., 103 note.
Rutilius Namatianus, iii., 248 note;
paganism of, 297 note; voyage of,
357 note.
Rutland, Rolando, Orlando, death of,
v., 304 note.
Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, his embassy
to the court of Timour, vii., 70 note.
SAADI EFFENDI, synopsis of, vii., 25
note.
Saana, city of, iv., 412 note; v., 338 and
note; markets of, 339.
Sabæans, or Homerites, Christianized
by Theophilus, ii., 332.
VOL. VII.-31
Sabas, St., monastery of, iv., 64 note,
232 note; intercedes for people of
Palestine, 253 and note; courage
of, v., 163 note.
Sabatius, father of Justinian, iv., 219
note.
Sabaton, lake, i., 443 note.
Sabellianism, ii., 367 and note, sq. note.
Sabellius, account of his heresy, ii., 364
note.
Sabians in Arabia, v., 352; religion of,
353 sq. and note.
Sabinian, conducts the war against
Sapor, ii., 288.
Sabinian, general of Anastasius, iv., 198.
Sabinians, legal sect, iv., 489 sq.
Sabinus, Flavius, cousin of Domitian, ii.,
97 and note.
Sabinus, Prætorian præfect, ii., 142.
Sabinus, Roman lawyer, iv., 490, 496
note.
Sables of Sweden, iv., 197 and note.
Sabrata, city of, iii., 49; conquered by
Saracens, v., 489 note.
Sace, tribe of, i., 398 note.
Sacrifices, human, of the Suevi, i., 277;
of the Scythians, iii., 444 and note;
of the Arabians, v., 351 and note;
public, at Rome, suppressed, iii.,
206.
Sacrificial king, iii., 199.
Sad ad-Din, Ottoman historian, vii., 63
note.
Sadducees, sect of, ii., 23 and note.
Sade, Abbé de, Life of Petrarch, v., 329
note; vii., 266 note; on the exile of
Avignon, 254 note; on the Colonna,
261 note; his descent from Laura,
266 note.
Sade, Hughes de, vii., 265 note.
Sadée, E., on accession of Tacitus, i., 342
note.
Saffah, Al (or Abu-l-Abbās), vi., 21.
Sagorinus, John, vi., 139 note, 398 note.
Sagreda, John, History of the Ottoman
monarchs by, vii., 217 note.
Sagundinus, Nicolaus, on Mahomet II.,
vii., 167 note.
Sahib Koran, surname of Timour, vii.,
46 note.
Said ibn Ahmad, vi., 29 note.
Said, lieutenant of the caliph Omar, v.,
433 sq.
Homerite prince, restored by
Nushirvan, v., 43.
Sain (Shahin), Persian general, takes
Mardin, etc., v., 74 note; takes
Caesarea in Cappadocia, ib.; not | Salona, residence of Diocletian, i., 418;
conqueror of Egypt, 76 note; inter-
view with Heraclius, 81, 90 note.
Saints, worship of, iii., 219 sqq.
Sakaliba, see Lulon.
Sala, river, iii., 38 note; Charlemagne's
camp, at, v., 314.
Saladine tenth, see Tythe.
Saladin Sultan, v., 252; defends Alex-
andria, vi., 352; Grand Vizir of
Egypt, 354 and note; character of,
354 sq.; conquest of Palestine, 357
sqq. treats with Richard I., 367;
death of, 368; embassy of Isaac An-
gelus to, 390 and note.
Salankamen, battle of, vii., 82 note.
Salarian bridge, battle at, iv., 334 note.
Salban, v., 89 note; taken by Heraclius,
90.
Salem, son of Ziyād, v., 439 note.
Salerno, anonymous writer of, v., 315
note; school of, vi., 33 and note;
subject to Greek emperor, 176;
siege of, by the Saracens, 178, 182
note; by the Normans, 195; medical
school of, 196 and note; Gregory
VII. at, vii., 225.
Salian Franks, in Toxandria, ii., 298 and
note.
Salians, confraternity of the, iii., 200.
Salic lands, iv., 141 and note.
Salic laws, iv., 131 note.
Salices [Ad], battle of, iii., 109 and note.
Salih Ayyub, Sultan, vi., 373 note; death
of, 376 note.
Salimbene, Fra, vii., 263 note.
Salisbury, siege of, iv., 160.
Salle, town, i., 28.
Sallet, A. von, on accession of Carinus
and Numerianus, i., 347 note.
Sallust, historian, description of the
Moors, iv., 316; Periplus of, 397
note.
Sallust, officer of Julian, ii., 292 and
note, 422; Præfect of Gaul, 433 and
note, 447 note.
Sallust, Palace of, at Rome, destroyed
by the Goths, iii., 344 and note.
Sallust, Præfect of the East, judge at
Chalcedon, ii., 447 and note; his
advice to Julian, 531; refuses the
empire, 545; his embassy to Sapor
II., 549; again refuses the empire,
iii., 7; Præfect of the East for the
second time and quells revolt of
Procopius, 15.
Sallustia Barbia Orbiana, wife of Alex-
ander Severus, i., 163 and note.
Salmasius, i., 100 note; on silk, iv., 244.
Salona or Sula, see Amphissa.
description of, 419 sqq.; Diocletian's
palace at, 420; fleet of Belisarius at,
iv., 426; Narses at, 441.
Salonina, Empress, i., 280 note.
Saloninus, son of Gallienus, i., 276, 299
note.
Salt, tax on, at Rome, vii., 274, 285.
Salva, Castra of, iii., 37.
Salvian, on Carthage, iii., 435 and note.
Saman, a nobleman of Balkh, vi., 56
note.
Sāmānids, Saracen dynasty of, vi., 56
and note; fall of, 234.
Samara on the Tigris, ii., 547 and note;
residence of Motassem, vi., 24 note,
50; palace at, 48; name of, ib. note.
Samarcand, iv., 376; missionaries of,
v., 159; conquered by the Sara-
cens, 441 and note; defeat of Mos-
lems by the Turks near, 444 note;
Seljuk in, vi., 241; subdued by
Malek Shah, 254; taken by Zingis,
vii., 9; observatory at, 46 note;
Timour at, 54; triumph of Timour
at, 70.
Samaritans of Palestine, persecuted by
Justinian, v., 145 sq.
Samiel, hot wind, ii., 552 note.
Samnites, i., 23.
Samosata, massacre of heretics at, ii.,
410; taken by Zimisces, vi., 63;
rise of Paulician sect at, 117.
Samothrace, inhabitants of, transported
to Constantinople, vii., 210 note;
Demetrius Palæologus lord of, 213.
Samoyedes, iii., 85; in Greenland, iv.,
197 note; vii., 19.
Sampsiceramus, ii., 490 note.
Samsamah, weapon of Caliph Harun, vi.,
37.
Samuel, son of Shishman, vi., 142 note.
Samuel the prophet, ashes of, brought
to Constantinople, iii., 220.
Samuka, general of Zingis, vii., 9 note.
Sancho, the Fat, King of Leon, vi., 38
note.
Sanctuary, privilege of, ii., 343 and note.
Sand, used for Mahometan ablutions,
V., 369.
Sandoval, History of, v., 512 note.
Sandwich, iii., 45.
Sangarius, river, iv., 266.
Sangeles, for Count of St. Gilles, vi., 304
note.
Sangiar (Sinjār), Seljukian Sultan of
Persia, vi., 348.
Sangiban, King of the Alani, offers to
betray Orleans to Attila, iii., 484;
at the battle of Châlons, 489.
|