CHAPTER LXV

Elevation of Timour or Tamerlane to the Throne of Samarcand-His Conquests

in Persia, Georgia, Tartary, Russia, India, Syria, and Anatolia-His

Turkish War-Defeat and Captivity of Bajazet-Death of Timour-Civil

War of the Sons of Bajazet-Restoration of the Turkish Monarchy by

Mahomet the First-Siege of Constantinople by Amurath the Second

Defeat and Captivity of Bajazet

62

The Story of his Iron Cage disproved by the Persian Historian of Timour

Attested, 1. by the French ...

63

65

2. by the Italians

65

3. by the Arabs

Application of the Eastern Emperors to the Popes-Visits to the West, of John

the First, Manuel, and John the Second, Palæologus-Union of the Greek

and Latin Churches, Promoted by the Council of Basil, and Concluded at

Ferrara and Florence-State of Literature at Constantinople-Its Revival

in Italy by the Greek Fugitives-Curiosity and Emulation of the Latins

1339 Embassy of the Younger Andronicus to Pope Benedict XII.

The Arguments for a Crusade and Union

87

888

67

67

68

70

...

71

71

75

75

76

76

76

77

77

78

79

81

81

126

127

...

129

129

130

132

133

133

134

135

...

1438, 1439 Council of the Greeks and Latins at Ferrara and Florence
Negotiations with the Greeks

1300-1453 State of the Greek Language at Constantinople
Comparison of the Greeks and Latins

Revival of the Greek Learning in Italy

1339 Lessons of Barlaam...

1339-1374 Studies of Petrarch

1360-1363 Leo Pilatus, first Greek Professor at Florence, and in the West
1390-1415 Foundation of the Greek Language in Italy by Manuel Chry-
soloras

Schism of the Greeks and Latins-Reign and Character of Amurath the

Second-Crusade of Ladislaus, King of Hungary-His Defeat and Death

-John Huniades-Scanderbeg-Constantine Palæologus last Emperor

of the East

1428-1492 Comparison of Rome and Constantinople

1440-1448 The Greek Schism after the Council of Florence

138

141

A.D.

Zeal of the Orientals and Russians

1421-1451 Reign and Character of Amurath II.

1442-1444 His double Abdication

1443 Eugenius forms a League against the Turks

Ladislaus, King of Poland and Hungary, marches against them

The Turkish Peace

...

1456 His Defence of Belgrade and Death

1404-1413 Birth and Education of Scanderbeg, Prince of Albania

1443 His Revolt from the Turks

His Valour

1467 And Death

1448-1453 Constantine, the last of the Roman or Greek Emperors.

1450-1452 Embassies of Phranza

State of the Byzantine Court

CHAPTER LXVIII

Reign and Character of Mahomet the Second-Siege, Assault, and Final Conquest

of Constantinople by the Turks-Death of Constantine Palæologus-Servitude

of the Greeks-Extinction of the Roman Empire in the East-Consternation

of Europe-Conquests and Death of Mahomet the Second

Mahomet II. visits the City, St. Sophia, the Palace, &c.

His Behaviour to the Greeks

He re-peoples and adorns Constantinople

1453 Extinction of the imperial Families of Comnenus and Palæologus

1460 Loss of the Morea

State of Rome from the Twelfth Century-Temporal Dominion of the Popes-Sedi-

tions of the City-Political Heresy of Arnold of Brescia-Restoration of the

Republic-The Senators-Pride of the Romans-Their Wars-They are de-

prived of the Election and Presence of the Popes who retire to Avignon-The

Jubilee-Noble Families of Rome-Feud of the Colonna and Ursini

Wars of the Romans against the neighbouring Cities

1167 Battle of Tusculum

1179 Right of the Cardinals Established by Alexander III.
1274 Institution of the Conclave by Gregory X.

Absence of the Popes from Rome ...

1294-1303 Boniface VIII.

...

...

Character and Coronation of Petrarch-Restoration of the Freedom and Govern-

ment of Rome by the Tribune Rienzi-His Virtues and Vices, his Expulsion

and Death-Return of the Popes from Avignon-Great Schism of the West-

Re-union of the Latin Church-Last Struggles of Roman Liberty-Statutes

of Rome-Final Settlement of the Ecclesiastical State

And Coronation

Fear and Hatred of the Nobles of Rome

They oppose Rienzi in Arms

Defeat and Death of the Colonna

Fall and Flight of the Tribune Rienzi

1347-1354 Revolutions of Rome

Adventures of Rienzi

1351 A Prisoner at Avignon

1354 Rienzi Senator of Rome

His Death

...

1355 Petrarch invites and upbraids the Emperor Charles V.

He solicits the Popes of Avignon to fix their Residence at Rome

1367-1370 Return of Urban V.

1377 Final Return of Gregory XI.

1378 His Death

Election of Urban VI.

Election of Clement VII.

1378-1418 Great Schism of the West

Calamities of Rome...

1392-1407 Negotiations for Peace and Union

1409 Council of Pisa

1414-1418 Council of Constance

Election of Martin V.

1417 Martin V.

281

282

283

...

284

285

286

287

1431 Eugenius IV.

1447 Nicholas V.

301

301