Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius, iii. 81. Succeeds to the empire
of the East, 164. His magnificence, 322. Extent of his dominions,
323. Administration of his favorite eunuch Eutropius, 324, 325. His
cruel law against treason, 329, 330. Signs the condemnation of Eutro
pius, 35. His interview with the revolters Tribigild and Gainas, 336
His death and supposed testament, 347, 348.

Architecture, Roman, the general magnificence of, indicated by the exist
ing ruins, i. 55.

Ardaburius, his expedition to Italy, to reduce the usurper John, iii. 365.
Argonauts, the object of their expedition to Colchos, iv. 227.

Ariadne, daughter of the emperor Leo, and wife of Zeno, her character,
and marriage afterwards with Anastasius, v. 5.

Arii, a tribe of the Lygians, their terrific mode of waging war, i. 380.
Arinthæus is appointed general of the horse by the emperor Julian on his
Persian expedition, ii. 477. Distinguishes himself against the usurper
Procopius, 534.

Ariovistus seizes two thirds of the lands of the Sequani in Gaul, for him-
self and his German followers, iii. 598.

Aristobulus, principal minister of the house of Carus, is received into
confidence by the emperor Diocletian, i. 403.

Aristotle, his logic better adapted to the detection of error, than for the
discovery of truth, v. 303.

Arius is excommunicated for heretical notions concerning the Trinity, ii.
314. Strength of his party, 314. His opinions examined in the coun-
cil of Nice, 317. Account of Arian sects, 321. Council of Rimini, 324.
His banishme.it and recall, 327. His suspicious death, 327. Employs
music and songs to propagate his heresy, 354, note M. The Arians per-
secute the Catholics in Africa, iii. 548.

Armenia is seized by Sapor, king of Persia, i. 315. Tiridates restored, 419.
He is again expelled by the Persians, 422. Is resigned to Tiridates by
treaty between the Romans and Persians, 430. Is rendered tributary to
Persia on the death of Tiridates, ii. 179. Character of Arsaces Tiranus,
king of, and his conduct towards the emperor Julian, 473, note M. Is
reduced by Sapor to a Persian province, 576. Its distractions and di
vision between the Persians and the Romans, iii. 359. History of
Christianity in, ii. 275, vide note M., iv. 554.

Armies of the Eastern empire, state of, under the emperor Maurice, iv.
448.

Armor, defensive, is laid aside by the Romans, and adopted by the Barba.
rians, iii. 129.

Armorica, the provinces of, form a free government independent of the
Romans, iii. 315, 316, note M. Submit to Clovis, king of the Franks,
576. Settlement of Britons in, 621, 622, note M.

Arnold of Brescia, his heresy, and history, vi. 430, 432. Is burnt, 433.
Arragon, derivation of the name of that province, i. 22, note.
Arrian, his visit to, and description of, Colchos, iv. 230.

His dis-

Arsaces Tiranus, king of Armenia, his character, and disaffection to the
emperor Julian, ii. 473. Historical particulars of, 473, note M. With-
draws his troops treacherously from the Roman service, 492.
astrous end, 576. Various traditions respecting, 577, note M.
Arsenius, patriarch of Constantinople, excommunicates the emperor Mi-
chael Palæologus, vi. 153. Faction of the Arsenites, 154.
Artaban, king of Parthia, is defeated and slain by Artaxerxes, king of
Persia, 228.

his conspiracy against the emperor Justinian, iv. 262. Is in
trusted with the conduct of the armament sent to Italy, 266.

Artasires, king of Armenia, is deposed by the Persians at the instigation
of his own subjects, iii. 360, 361.

Artavasdes, his revolt against the Greek emperor Constantine V. at Con
stantinople, v. 12.

Artax rxes restores the Persian monarchy, i. 228. Prohibits every wor-
ship but that of Zoroaster, 238, note M. His war with the Romans, 243
His character and maxims, 246.

Artemius, duke of Egypt under Constantius, is condemned to death
under Julian, for cruelty and corruption, ii. 400.

Arthur, king of the Britons, his history obscured by monkish fictions, iii.
622.

Arvandus, prætorian præfect of Gaul, his trial and condemnation by the
Roman senate, iii. 500.

Ascalon, battle of, between Godfrey of Bouillon and the sultan of Egypt,
v. 595.

Ascetics, in ecclesiastical history, account of, iii. 520.

Asclepiodatus reduces and kills the British usurper Allectus, i. 412.

Asia, summary view of the revolutions in that quarter of the world, i 226
Asia Minor described, i. 26. Amount of its tribute to Rome, 187; vide
note M. Is conquered by the Turks, v. 524.

Asiarch, nature of this office among the ancient Pagans, i. 572, note.
Aspar is commissioned by the Theodosius the Younger to conduct Valen-
tinian III. to Italy, iii. 365. Places his steward Leo on the throne of
the Eastern empire, 489. He and his sons murdered by Leo, iv. 4.
Assassins, the principality of, destroyed by the Moguls, vi. 215, note M.
Assemblies of the people abolished under the Roman emperors, i. 82. At
what times the Comitia were revivea, 82, note W. The nature of, among
the ancient Germans, 264.

Assyria, the province of, described, ii. 479. Is invaded by the emperor
Julian, 481. His retreat, 497.

Astarte, her image brought from Carthage to Rome, as a spouse for Ela-
gabalus, i. 171.

Astolphus, king of the Lombards, takes the city of Ravenna, and attacks
Rome, v. 25. Is repelled by Pepin, king of France, 26, 27.
Astrology, why cultivated by the Arabian astronomers, v. 304.

Atabeks of Syria, the, vi. 16.

Athalaric, the son of Amalasontha, queen of Italy, his education and
character, iv. 147, 148.

Athanaric, the Gothic chief, his war against the emperor Valens, ii. 586.
His alliance with Theodosius, his death and funeral, iii. 64, 65.
Athanasius, St., archbishop of Alexandria, confesses his understanding
bewildered by meditating on the divinity of the Logos, ii. 310. General
view of his opinions, 318, 319. His character and adventures, 332. Per-
secutions against him, 334. Charges against him, 335, note M. His
first exile, 337. Restored, 338. His second exile, 338. Restored, 340.
A third time expelled, 347. Outrages attending his expulsion, and the
establishment of his successor George of Cappadocia, 348, 349. Writes
invectives to expose the character of Constantius, 353. Is restored upon
the death of George, 455. Is persecuted and expelled by Julian, 456.
Again seated on the archiepiscopal throne, by the popular voice, 520.
His courage and eloquence, 621. His retirement and death, 546. Was
not the author of the famous creed under his name, iii. note 555, note M.
556.

patriarch of Constantinople, his contests with the Greek
emperor Andronicus the elder, vi. 174.
Athenais, daughter of the philosopher Leontius. See Eudocia.
Athens, the libraries in that city, why said to have been spared by the
Goths, i. 314. Naval strength of the republic of, during its prosperity,
498, note. Is laid under contribution by Alaric the Goth, ii. 149. Re-
view of the philosophical history of, iii. 104. The schools of, silenced
by the emperor Justinian, 108. Revolutions of, after the crusades, and
its present state, vi. 171, 172.

Athos, Mount, beatific visions of the monks of, vi. 194.
Atlantic Ocean, derivation of its name, i. 31.

Atlas, Mount, description of, i. 31, note.

Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe of cannibals, account of, ii. 567, note M.
Attalus, præfect of Rome, is chosen emperor by the senate, under the in-
fluence of Alaric, iii. 278. Is publicly degraded, 280. His future for-
tune, 306.

Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his adventures, iii. 606.
Attila, the Hun, iii. 388. Description of his person and character, 389
His conquests, 391, 392. His treatment of his captives, 399. Imposes
terms of peace on Theodosius the Younger, 401, 402. Oppresses Theo-
dosius by his ambassadors, 403, 404. Description of his royal residence,
409. Supposed to have been at Buda, 409, note M. His reception of
the ambassadors of Theodosius, 41, 415. His behavior on discovering
the scheme of Theodosius to get him assassinated, 417. His haughty
messages to the emperors of the East and West, 420. His invasion of
Gaul, 433. His oration to his troops on the approach of Etius and
Theodoric, 439. Battle of Chalons, 439. His invasion of Italy, 443.
His retreat purchased by Valentinian, 450. His death, 451.
Atys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorized by the pen of Julian, ii. 415.
Augurs, Roman, their number and peculiar office, iii. 132.

Augustin, his account of the miracles wrought by the body of St. Stephen,
iii. 159. Celebrates the piety of the Goths in the sacking of Rome, 283.
Approves the persecution of the Donatists of Africa, 373. His death,
character, and writings, 376. History of his relics, iv. 133, note.
Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes, is chosen emperor of the West,
iii. 501. Is deposed by Odoacer, 510, 512. His banishment to the Lu-
cullan villa in Campania, 513.

Augustus, emperor, his moderate exercise of power, i. 2. Is imitated by
his successors, 3. His naval regulations, 21. His division of Gaul, 22.
His situation after the battle of Actium, 73. He reforms the senate, 74.
Procures a senatorial grant of the Imperial dignity, 75. Division of the
provinces between him and the senate, 78. Is allowed his military com-
mand and guards in the city of Rome, 78. Obtains the consular and
tribunitian offices for life, 79. His character and policy, 86. Adopts
Tiberius, 90. Formed an accurate register of the revenues and expenses
of the empire, 187. Taxes instituted by him, 189. His naval establish-
ments at Ravenna, iii. 211.

Augustus and Cæsar, those titles explained and discriminated, i. 85.
Aurelian, emperor, his birth and services, i. 339. His expedition against
Palmyra, 353. His triumph, 358. His cruelty and death, 363, 364.
Aurengzebe, account of his immense camp, i. 241, note.

Aureolus is invested with the purple on the Upper Danube, i. 330.
Ausonius, tutor of the emperor Gratian, his promotions, iii. 73, note.

Autharis, king of the Lombards in Italy, his wars with the Franks, iv
407. His adventurous gallantry, 413.

Autun, the city of, stormed and plundered by the legions in Gaul, i. 349.
Auvergne, province and city of, in Gaul, revolutions of, iii. 604.

Auxiliaries, Barbarian, fatal consequences of their admission into the Ro-
man armies, ii. 130.

Avars are discomfited by the Turks, iv. 203. Their embassy to the em-
peror Justinian, 204. Their conquests in Poland and Germany, 206.
Their embassy to Justin II., 388. They join the Lombards against the
Gepidæ, 389. Pride, policy, and power, of their chagan Baian, 442.
Their conquests, 445. Invest Constantinople, 465. Reduction of thei
country, Pannonia, by Charlemagne, v. 51.

Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far justifiable, v. 307, note.

Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a settlement for the Normans, v. 449.
Avienus, his character and embassy from Valentinian III. to Attila, king
of the Huns, iii. 449.

Avignon, the holy see how transferred from Rome to that city, vi. 454
Return of Pope Ur'an V. to Rome, 495.

Avitus, his embassy from Etius to Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, if?
436. Assumes the empire, 465. His deposition and death, 471, 472.
Axuch, a Turkish slave, his generous friendship to the princess Anna
Comnena, iv. 621, and to Manuel Comnenus, 622, 623.

Azimuntium, the citizens of, defend their privileges against Peter, brother
of the Eastern emperor Maurice, iv 447.

Azimus, remarkable spirit shown by the citizens of, against Attila and his
Huns, iii. 403.

B.

Baalbec, description of the ruins of, v. 204, 205.

Babylas, St., bishop of Anticch, his posthumous history, ii. 449.

Bagaudæ, the, peasants of Gaul, revolt of, its occasion, and suppression
by Maximian, i. 407. Derivation of this name, 407, note M.

Bagdad becomes the royal residence of the Abassides, v. 297. Derivation
of the name, 298, note. The fallen state of the caliphs of, 328, 334.
The city of, stormed and sacked by the Moguls, vi. 216.

Bahram, the Persian general, his character and exploits, iv. 433, note M.
Is provoked to rebellion, 435. Dethrones Chosroes, 437. His death,
439. Embassy sent by him to meet the emperor Carus, i. 391. Saying
of, 390, note. Anecdote of, 390, note M.

Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride, policy, and power, iv. 442. His
perfidious seizure of Sirmium and Singidunum, 444. His conquests,
445. His treacherous attempt to seize the emperor Heraclius, 165. Ir
vests Constantinople in conjunction with the Persians, 475. Retires,
476.
Bajazet I., sultan of the Turks, his reign, vi. 236. His correspondence
with Tamerlane, 258. Is defeated and captured by Tamerlane, 265, 266.
Inquiry into the story of the iron cage, 267. His sons, 266, 278.
Balbinus elected joint emperor with Maximus, by the senate, on the
deaths of the two Gordians, i. 209.

Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in the fourth crusade, vi. 63. Is
chosen emperor of Constantinople, 99. Is taken prisoner by Calo-
John, king of the Bulgarians, 109. His death, 110, note M.

Baldwin II., emperor of Constantinople, vi. 118. His distresses and expe-
dients, 120. His expulsion from that city, 125, 172.

Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, accompanies him on the first
crusade, v. 558. Founds the principality of Edessa, 579.

Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the water of, i. 252, notes. The Ro-
mans acquired their knowledge of the naval powers of, during their land
journeys in search of amber, ii. 560, note.

Baptism, theory and practice of, among the primitive Christians, ii. 271,
272, note M.

Barbary, the name of that country whence derived, v. 246, note. The
Moors of, converted to the Mahometan faith, 248.

Barbatio, general of infantry in Gaul under Julian, his misconduct, ii. 236.
Barcochebas, his rebellion against the emperor Hadrian, ii. 4.

Bards, Celtic, their power of exciting a martial enthusiasm in the people,
i. 271, 272, notes G. and M. British, iii. 622, note M. Their peculiar of-
fice and duties, 628.

Bari is taken from the Saracens, by the joint efforts of the Latin and
Greek empires, v. 441. Government of the city, 442.

Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute with the Greek theologians about
the light of Mount Thabor, vi. 194. His embassy to Rome, from An-
dronicus the Younger, 291. His literary character, 328.

Basil I., the Macedonian, emperor of Constantinople, iv..597. Reduces
the Paulicians, v. 392, 393.

Basil II., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 609. His great wealth, v. 349
His inhuman treatment of the Bulgarians, 410.

Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, no evidence of his having been persecuted

by the emperor Valens, ii. 547. Insults his friend Gregory Nazianzen,
under the appearance of promotion, iii. 83. The father of the monks of
Pontus, 524.

Dasiliscus, brother of the empress Verina, is intrusted with the command
of the armament sent against the Vandals in Africa, iii. 495, 496. His
fleet destroyed by Genseric, 497. His promotion to the empire, and
death, v. 4, 5.

Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his parentage, i. 167. Is proclaimed
emperor at Emessa, 167. See Elagabalus.

Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine, revolts against him, i. 490.
Bassora, its foundation and situation, v. 179.

Baths, public, of Rome, described, iii. 262.

Batnæ, reception of the emperor Julian there, ii. 471. Etymology of this
name, 471, note M.

Beasts, wild, the variety of, introduced in the circus, for the public games
at Rome, i. 395.

Beausobre, M. de, character of his Histoire Critique du Manichéisme, iv
487, note.

Beder, battle of, between Mahomet and the Koreish of Mecca, v. 131.
Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life, v. 77.

Bees, remarks on the structure of their combs and cells, v. 301, note.
Belgrade, or the White City, iv. 445.

Belisarius, his birth and military promotion, iv. 117. "The Life of," by
Lord Mahon, 117, note M. Is appointed by Justinian to conduct the
African war, 119. Embarkation of his troops, 119. Lands in Africa,
123. Defeats Gelimer, 126. Is received into Carthage, 127. Final de-
feat of Gelimer, 130. Conquest of Africa, 133. His triumphant return
to Constantinople, 138. Is declared sole consul, 139. Menaces the Os-
trogoths of Italy, 145. Seizes Sicily, 151. Invades Italy, 152. Besieges
Naples, 155, 156. Enters Rome, 159. Is besieged in Rome by the Goths,
160. The siege again raised, 172. Causes Constantine, one of his gen-
erals, to be killed, 174. Siege of Ravenna, 178. Takes Ravenna by
suratagem, 180. Returns to Constantinople, 181. His character and
behavior, 182. Scandalous life of his wife Antonina, 184, 185. His dis-
grace and submission, 188. Is sent into the East to oppose Chosroes,
king of Persia, 222. His politic reception of the Persian ambassadors,
223. His second campaign in Italy, 253. His ineffectual attempt to
raise the siege of Rome, 257. Dissuades Totila from destroying Rome,
259. Recovers the city, 260. His final recall from Italy, 261. Rescues
Constantinople from the Bulgarians, 283. His disgrace and death, 284.
Benacus, the Lake, iii. 450, note M.

Benedict XII., embassy from Andronicus the Younger to, proposing a
union of the Latin and Greek churches, and soliciting aid against the
Turks, vi. 291, 292. His character, 293.

Benefice, in feudal language, explained, iii. 600. Resumption of, by the
sovereign, 600, note M.

Benevento, battle of, between Charles of Anjou and Mainfroy the Sicilian
usurper, vi. 161.

Beneventum, anecdotes relating to the siege of, v. 444.

Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the riches of Constantinople, v. 348.
Beræa, or Aleppo, reception of the emperor Julian there, ii. 470.

Bernard, St., his character and influence in promoting the second crusade,
vi. 12, vide note M. His character of the Romans, vi. 429.
Bernier, his account of the camp of Aurengzebe, i. 241, note.

Berytus, account of the law school established there, ii. 122. Is destroyed
by an earthquake, iv. 293.

Bessarion, Cardinal, his character, vi. 334, note.

Fessas, governor of Rome for Justinian, his rapacity during the siege of
that city by Totila the Goth iv. 256. Occasions the loss of Rome 257