against the city, 427. Origin of the separation of the Greek and Latin
churches, vi. 48. Massacre of the Latins, 55. Invasion of the Greek
empire, and conquest of the city by the crusaders, 71, 77. The city
taken, and Isaac Angelus restored, 80. Part of the city burnt by the
Latins, 83. Second siege of the city by the Latins, 85. Is pillaged, 88.
Account of the statues destroyed, 93. Partition of the Greek empire by
the French and Venetians, 97. The Greeks rise against their Latin con-
querors, 107. The city retaken by the Greeks, 125, 126, note M. The
suburb of Galata assigned to the Genoese, 195. Hostilities between the
Genoese and the emperor, 198. How the city escaped the Moguls, 223.
Is besieged by the sultan Amurath II, 284. Is compared with Rome,
342.
Is besieged by Mahomet II., sultan of the Turks, 381, 387. Is
stormed and taken, 402. Becomes the capital of the Turkish empire,
410.
Jonstantius Chlorus, governor of Dalmatia, was intended to be adopted
by the emperor Carus, in the room of his vicious son Carinus, i. 394. Es
associated with Cæsar by Diocletian in his administration, 406. Assumes
the title of Augustus on the abdication of Diocletian, 451. His death,
451. Granted å toleration to the Christians, ií. 165.

the second son of Constantine the Great, ii. 163. His educa-
tion, 164. Is sent to govern the Eastern provinces of the empire, 166.
Seizes Constantinople on the death of his father, 174. Conspires the
death of his kinsmen, 175. Division of the empire among him and his
brothers, 176. Restores Chosroes, king of Armenia, 180, note M. Battle
of Singara with Sapor, king of Persia, 182. Rejects the offers of Mag-
nentius and Vetranio, on the plea of a vision, 191. His oration to the
Illyrian troops at the interview with Vetranio, 191. Defeats Mag-
nentius at the battle of Mursa, 194. His councils governed by eunuchs,
201. Education of his cousins Gallus and Julian, 203. Disgrace and
death of Gallus, 207, 208. Sends for Julian to court, 213. Invests him
with the title of Cæsar, 214. Visits Rome, 216. Presents an obelisk to
that city, 218, 219, note M. The Quad.an and Sarmatian wars, 220. His
Persian negotiation, 222. Mismanagement of affairs in he East, 230.
Favors the Arians, 328. His religious character by Ammianus the his-
torian, 330: His restless endeavors to establish a uniformity of Chris-
tian doctrine, 331. Persecutes Athanasius, 332. Is intimidated by his
brother Constans, and invites Athanasius back, 340. His severe treat-
ment of those bishops who refused to concur in deposing Athanasius,
345. His scrupulous orthodoxy, 346. His cautious conduct in expelling
Athanasius from Alexandria, 346. His strenuous efforts to seize his
person, 350. Is constrained to restore Liberius, bishop of Rome, 356.
Supports Macedonius, bishop of Constantinople, and countenances his
persecutions of the Catholics and Novatians. 357-359. His conduct
towards his Pagan subjects, 365. Envies the fame of Julian, 370, note
M. Recalls the legions from Gaul, 372. Negotiations between him and
Julian, 381. His preparations to oppose Julian, 389. His death and
character, 391.

a general, relieves the British emperor Constantine when
besieged in Arles, iii. 304. His character and victories, 304. His mar
riage with Placidia, and death, 363.

, secretary to Attila, king of the Huns, his matrimonial nego-
tiation at the court of Constantinople, iii. 405–416.

Consul, the office of, explained, i. 79. Alterations this office underwent
under the emperors, and when Constantinople became the seat of em-
pire, ii. 110.
The office of, suppressed by the emperor Justinian, iv. 110.
Is now sunk to a commercial agent, vi. 436.

Contracts, the Roman laws respecting, iv. 366, 367, note W.

Copts of Egypt, brief history of, iv. 557, vide note M.

Corinth, reviving as a Roman colony celebrates the Isthmian games, under
the emperor Julian, ii. 404. The isthmus of, fortified by the emperc
Justinian, iv. 93.

Cornificia, or Fadilla, manner of her death related, i. 158, note M.
Cornwall, reduction of, by the Saxons, iii. 621.

Coronary Gold, nature of those offerings to the Roman emperors, ii. 150
151, note G.

Corsica, island of, i. 32, note M.

Corvinus Matthias, king of Hungary, his character, vi. 359.

Cosmas Indicopleustes, account of his Christian topography, iv. 73, note,
544, note.

Cosio of Medicis, his character, vi. 254.

Councils and Synods, i. 558; of Antioch, i. 338; Arles, 343, 344; Basil,
vi. 309; Cæsarea, ii. 335; Carthage, iii. 551, iv. 133; Chalcedon, iii. 344,
v. 517; Clermont, v. 580; Constance, vi. 305, 309, 502; Constantinople,
ii. 88, iv. 533, 536, v. 10, vi. 52; Ephesus, iv. 507, 515; Ferrara, vi. 316;
Florence, vi. 317; Frankfort, v. 39; Lyons, iii. 578, vi. 120, 158; Milan,
ii. 343; Nice ii. 317; Pisa, vi. 309, 501; Placentia, v. 539; Rimini, i
224; Sardica, ii. 339, 344; Toledo, iii. 561, 614; Tyre, ii. 335, 343.
Count, great difference between the ancient and modern application of this
title, ii. 125. By whom first invented, 125. Of the sacred largesses, un-
der Constantine the Great, his office, 135. Of the domestics in the
Eastern empire, his office, 137.

Coupele, rock of, and the Cow's Mouth, or issue of the Ganges, vi. 257,
vide note M.

Courtenay, history of the family of, vi. 132.

Crescentius, consul of Rome, his vicissitudes, and disgraceful death, v. 63.
Medal of, 64, note M.

Crete, the isle of, i. 32. Subdued by the Saracens, v. 311. Is recovered
by Nicephorus Phocas, 330. Is purchased by the Venetians, vi. 101
Crimes, how distinguished by the penal laws of the Romans, iv. 376.
Crispus, son of Constantine the Great, is declared Cæsar, i. 492. Distin-
guishes his valor against the Franks and Alemanni, 495. Forces the
passage of the Hellespont, and defeats the fleet of Licinius, 500.
character, ii. 158. His mysterious death, 161.

His

the patrician, marries the daughter of Phocas, and contributes to
depose him, iv. 455. Is obliged to turn monk, 457.
Croatia, account of the kingdom of, v. 407.

Cross, the different sentiments entertained of this instrument of punish-
ment, by the Pagan and Christian Romans, ii. 260. The famous stan-
dard of, in the army of Constantine the Great, described, 261. His visions
of, 262, note M., 265. The holy sepulchre and cross of Christ discovered,
433, note M. The cross of Christ undiminished by distribution to pil
rims, 434. Calvary, question as to its having been a hill, 435, note M.
Crown of thorns, ii. 434. Its transfer from Constantinople to Paris, vi. 122.
Crowns, mural and obsidional, the distinction between, ii. 486, note.
Crusade, the first resolved on at the council of Clermont, v. 513. Histo-
ries and documents relating to, 544, note, and note M. Inquiry into thз
justice of the holy war, 544. Examination into the private motives of
the crusaders, 551. Departure of the crusaders, 552. Account of the
chiefs, 556. Their march to Constantinople, 565. Review of their num
hers, 573. They take Nice, 575. Battle of Dorylæum, 577. They take
Antioch, 583. Their distresses, 583. Are revived by the discovery of
the Holy Lance, 586. Siege and conquest of Jerusalem, 591. Godfrey
of Bouillon chosen king of Jerusalem, but prefers the title of Defender
of the Holy Sepulchre, 495. The second crusade, vi. 4. The crusaders
ill treated by the Greek emperors, 7. The third crusade, 28. Siege of
Acre, 30. Fourth and fifth crusades, 37. Sixth crusade, 40. Seventh
crusade, 44. Recapitulation of the fourth crusade, 59, 60. Treaty with
the Venetians, 65. General consequences of the crusades, 127.
Ctesiphon, the city of, plundered by the Romans, i. 241. Its situation
described, ii. 487. Julian declines the siege of it, 491, note M. 1s
sacked by the Saracens, v. 180.

Cuolai, emperor of China, his character, vi. 222.

Cunimund, his quarrel with Alboin the Lombard, iv. 390. Is slain in bat
tle, 392. His skull used as a cup for wine, 397.

Curdistan, the ancient territory of Carduene, visited, i. 430), note M.
Curopalata, the. his office under the Greek emperors, v. 354.
Customs, duties of, imposed by Augustus, i. 190, note W.

Cycle of Indictions, i. 479, note. The origin of, traced, and how now em.
ployed, ii. 141, note G.

Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, his history and martyrdom, ii. 34, 38.
Cyprus, the kingdom of, bestowed on the house of Lusignan, by Richard
I. of England, vi. 57.

Cyrene, the coast of, i. 30, note M. The Greek colonies there finally extermi
nated by Chosroes II., king of Persia, iv. 460. Frequently confounded
with Cairoon, an Arabian city, v. 243.

Cyriades, an obscure fugitive, is set up, by Sapor, the Persian monarch, as
emperor of Rome, i. 316.

Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem, his pompous relation of a miraculous appear-
ance of a celestial cross, ii. 329. His ambiguous character, 435.

patriarch of Alexandria, his life and character, iv. 499. Condemus
the heresy of Nestorius. 506. Procures the decision of the council of
Ephesus against Nestorius, 507. His court intrigues, 512.
Cyzicus, the city of, escapes for a time destruction from the Goths, i. 310.
Is at length ruined by them, 311. Is seized by the usurper Procopius,
ii. 533.

D.

Dacia, conquest of, by the emperor Trajan, i. 6. Its situation, 26. Ie over-
run by the Goths, 286. Is resigned to them by Aurelian, 341.

Dæmons, supposed by the primitive Christians to be the authors, patrons,
and objects of idolatry, i. 522.

Dagisteus, general of the emperor Justinian, besieges Petra, iv. 234.
Commands the Huns in Italy under Narses, 269.

Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, installed patriarch of Jerusalem, v. 596,
note M.

Dalmatia described, i. 25. Produce of a silver mine there, 188, note.
Dalmatius, nephew of Constantine the Great, is created Cæsar, ii. 164. Is
sent to govern the Gothic frontier, 165. Is cruelly destroyed by Con-
stantius, 175.

and Eutyches, the monks, iv. 511.

Damascus, siege of, by the Saracens, v. 192. The city reduced both by
storm and by treaty, 196, 197. Remarks on Hughes's tragedy of this
siege, 200, note. Taken and destroyed by Tamerlane, vi. 262.
Damasus, bishop of Rome, edict of Valentinian addressed to him, to re
strain the crafty avarice of the Roman clergy, ii. 549. His sanguinary
contest with Ursinus for the episcopal dignity, 552.

Dames, the Arab, his gallant enterprise against the castle of Aleppo, v.

213.

Damietta, siege of, vi. 37. Taken by Louis IX. of France, 42.

Damophilus, archbishop of Constantinople, resigns his see, rather than
subscribe the Nicene creed, iii. 386.

Dandolo, Henry, doge of Venice, his character, vi. 65. Is made despot
of Romania, 100. Misapprehension respecting, 109, note M.

Daniel, first bishop of Winchester, his instructions to St. Boniface, for the
conversion of infidels, iii. 544.

Danielis, a Grecian matron, her presents to the emperor Basil, v. 345.
Her visit to him at Constantinople, 352. Her testament, 352.

Danube, course of the river, and the provinces of, described, i. 24.
Daphne, the sacred grove and temple of, near Antioch, described, ii. 417.
Is converted to Christian purposes by Gallus, and restored to the l'agapa
by Julian, 449, 450. The temple burned, 450.

Dara, the fortification of, by Justinian, described, iii 101, 102,
demolition of, by the Persians, prevented by peace, iv. 218.
Chosroes, king of Persia, iv. 429.

te M. The

Is taken by

Darius, his scheine for connecting the continents of Europe and Asia ii
89.

Darkness, preternatural, at the time of the passion, is unnoticed by the
heathen philosophers and historians, i. 589.

Dastagerd, the Persian, royal seat of, plundered by the emperor Heraclius
iv. 480, note M.

Datianus, governor of Spain, yields ready obedience to the Imperial edicts
against the Christians, ii. 71.

Datius, bishop of Milan, instigates the revolt of the Ligurians to Justin-
ian, iv. 171. Escapes to Constantinople on the taking of Milan by the
Burgundians, 176, 177.

Debtors, insolvent, cruel punishment of, by the law of the Twelve Tables
iv. 272.

Decemvirs, review of their Twelve Tables of the Roman Laws, iv. 203, notes
M. and W. These laws superseded by the Perpetual Edict, 312 note W.
Severity of these laws, 370.

Decius, his exaltation to the empire, i. 280. His defeat by the Goths, and
death in battle, 293

Decurions, in the Roman empire, are severely treated by the Imperial laws,
ii. 142. Their office compulsory and ruinous, 142, notes G. and M.
Deification of the Roman emperors, how this species of idolatry was in-
troduced, i. 84, 85. The Egyptians and Greeks practised it, 84, 85,
note M.

Delators are encouraged by the emperor Commodus, to gratify his hatred
of the senate, i. 105. Are suppressed by Pertinax, 120.

Delphi, the sacred ornaments of the temple of, removed to Constantinople
by Constantine the Great, ii. 100, note.

Democracy, a form of government unfavorable to freedom in a large state,

i. 40.

Demosthenes, governor of Cæsarea, his gallant defence against, and heroic
escape from, Sapor, king of Persia, i. 317.

Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, humanely succors the captives brought
from Rome by Genseric, king of the Vandals, iii. 465.

Derar, the Saracen, his character, v. 195. The sister of, 208

Desiderius, the last king of the Lombards, conquered by Charlemagne,
v. 27.

Despot, nature of that title in the Greek empire, v. 354.

Despotism originates in superstition, i. 264, note.

Diadem assumed by Diocletian, described, i. 437.

Diamonds, the art of cutting them unknown to the ancients, i. 190, note
Didius Julianus purchases the Imperial dignity at a Fablic auction, i.
127.

His

Dioceses of the Roman empire, their number and goverr ment, ii. 119,
Diocletian, the manner of his military election to the er pire, i. 400.
birth and character, 402, 403. Takes Maximian for his colleague, 104.
Associates, as Cæsars, Galerius and Constantius Calorus, 406. His
triumph in conjunction with Maximian, 431. Fixes is court at the city
of Nicodemia, 433. His diadem and robes described, 437. Edict of,
from an inscription found at Stratoniceia by Col. Leake, 440, note M.
Abdicates the empire, 441. Parallel between him and the emperor
Charles V., 442. Passes his life in retirement at Salona, 444. His im-
partial behavior toward the Christians, ii. 56. Causes that produced the
persecution of the Christians under his reign, 58. Cruel edicts of, 69,
note G.

Screened from the

Dion Cassius, the historian, i. 107, notes M. and G.
fury of the soldiers, by the emperor Alexander Severus, 181. His retire-
ment, 181, note W

Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria, his outrageous behavior at the second
council of Ephesus, iv. 516. Is deposed by the council of Chalcedon,
518.

Disabul, great khan of the Turks, his reception of the ambassadors of
Justinian, iv. 207, 208.

Divorce, the liberty and abuse of, by the Roman laws, iv. 348. Limitations
of, 349.

Docetes, their peculiar tenets, ii. 307, 308, notes G., iv. 492, 493. Deriva
tion of their name, ii. 308, note.

Dodona, oracle of Jove at, iv. 265, note M.

Dominic, St. Loricatus, his fortitude in flagellation, v. 548.

Dominus, when this epithet was applied to the Roman emperors, i. 436.
Domitian, emperor, oppresses the Jews, ii. 23. His treatment of his kins-
man Flavius Sabinus, and Flavius Clemens, 24. Assassination of, 25.
the Oriental præfect, is sent by the emperor Constantius to re-
form the state of the East, then oppressed by Gallus, ii. 206. Is put to
death there, 207.

Donatus, his contest with Cæcilian for the see of Carthage, ii. 247. His-
tory of the schism of the Donatists, 298, 360. Persecution of the Don-
atists by the emperor Honorius, iii. 372. Genseric protects, and enlists
them, 373.

Dorylæum, battle of, between Kilidge Arslan, son of Sultan Soliman, anc
the first crusaders, v. 577.

Doxology, how introduced into the church service, and how perverted, in
354.

Dramatic representations at Rome, character of, iii. 264.

Dreams, the popular opinion ‹ the preternatural origin of, favorable to
that of Constantine previous to his battle with Maxentius, ii. 263–265,
notes M.

Dromedary, the, extraordinary speed of, i. 356, note.

Dromones of the Greek empire, described, v. 365.

Druids, their power in Gaul suppressed by the emperors Tiberius and
Claudius, i. 38.

Druses of Mount Libanus, a character of, v. 532, note. Recent light
thrown on their superstition, 532, note M.

Duke, derivation of that title, and great change in the modern, from the
ancient, application of it, ii. 125.

Durazzo, siege of, by Robert Guiscard, v. 468

the Greek emperor Alexius, 470.

Battle of, between him and

E.

Earthquake, an extraordinary one over great part of the Roman empire
iii. 1. At Constantinople, 396. Account of those that happened in the
reign of Justinian, iv. 291.

East India, the Roman commercial intercourse with that region, i. 69,
note M. Commodities of, taxed by Alexander Severus, 191.

Ebionites, account of that sect, i. 516. A confutation of their errors, sup-
posed, by the primitive fathers, to be a particular object in the writings
of St. John the Evangelist, ii. 307. Their ideas of the person of Jesus
Christ, iv. 488, note M.

Ecclesiastes, the book of, why not likely to be the production of King Sol-
omon, iv. 139, note. Attempt to determine its date, 139, note M.
Ecclesiastical and civil powers distinguished by the fathers of the Christian
church, ii. 277, 278.

Ecdicius, son of the emperor Avitus, his gallant conduct, iii. 499.
Ecthesis of the emperor Heraclius, iv. 536.

Edda, the, at length accessible to scholars, i. 283. note M Of Iceland She
system f mythology in the, 283.