John the Almsgiver, archbishop of Alexandria, relieves the Jewisa refugees
on erusalem being taken by the Persians, iv. 460. His extraordinary
liberality of the church treasure, 557.

-, bishop of Antioch, arrives at Ephesus after the meeting of the coun-
cil, and, with his bishops, decides against Cyril, iv. 608, 609. Coalition
between him and Cyril, 510.

543

of Apri, patriarch of Constantinople, his pride, and confederacy
against John Cantacuzene, vi. 185.

de Brienne, emperor of Constantinople, vi. 118, 119, note M.

of Cappadocia, prætorian præfect of the East under the empero
Justinian, his character, iv. 80, note M. Is disgraced by the empress
Theodora, and becomes a bishop, 81, note M. 81. Opposes the African
war, 116. His fraud in supplying the army with bread, 122 zeroboot
Comnenus, or Calo-Johannes, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 621.
Damascenus, St., his history, v. 13, note.

of Lycopolis, the hermit, his character, and oracular promise to the
emperor Theodosius the Great, iii. 123.

the Monophysite bishop of Asia, is employed by the emperor Jus-
tinian to root out pagans and bereties, iv. 530, note.

XII., pope, his flagitious character, v. 61. oyoiqme essenzotal bus
XXIII., pope, his profligate character, vi. 502.

St., the Evangelist, reveals the true sense of Plato's doctrine of the
Logos, ii. 305. Disquisition on his use of the word, 306, note G., 806,
307, note M. sdz otai mothe

Prester, or Presbyter, romantic stories concerning, iv. 544.s
the Sanguinary seizes the Gothic treasures in Picenum, and obliges
Vitiges to raise the siege of Rome, iv. 172. que negat

Zimisces murders the Greek emperor Nicephorus, and succeeds him,
iv. 607. His eastern victories, v. 331. Defeats Swatoslaus, czar of
Russia, 434 englasvaigz

Jona, one of the Hebrides, its ancient monastic eminence, in. 625.
Jonas, renegado of Damascus, story of, v. 200.

Jordan, character of his work, De Originibus Sclavicis, v. 406, note.

Joseph the Carizmian, governor of Berzem, kills the sultan Alp Arslan,
3v. 519.sario ed esdeing
A sindqud to elgmes bi

Josephus, the mention of Jesus Christ in his history a forgery, ii. 19, note.
On this question vide 20, note M. His opinion that Plato derived knowl-
edge from the Jews controverted, 300, note.
to eldst 50

the false, History by, ii. 5, 6, notes M. ange
Jovian is elected emperor by the troops of Julian, on their retreat from
Assyria, ii. 504. His treaty with Sapor, king of Persia, 507. His death,
524.vaonik end of apsibbs eill
1939 au3 ni зbubnou lancaisQ
Jovians and Herculians, new bodies of guards instituted to supersede the
prætorian bands, i. 434. H
Baib bus joezie ei
Jovinian of Verona, his punishment by a Roman syngd, for heresy, iii. 200.
Jévinus reduces the Alemanni, who had invaded Gaul, ii. 554, 555. ACE
count of his revolt against the emperor Honorius in Germany, iii. 305.
Jovius, prætorian præfect under the emperor Honorfus, succeeds Olympius
as his confidentiale minister, iii. 274. His negotiations with Alaric ob-
structed, 276. Deserts Honorius, and goes over to Alaric, and the new
semperor Attalus, 279, 280. edu ni aquots old to feromg

Jubilee, popish, a revival of the secular games, i. 223, note, vi. 456. The
return of, accelerated, 458.
To weived a nemo
Jude, St., examination of his grandsons before the tribunal of the procura
ston of Judæa, ii. 23. They are set free, 24. jaridar and yelid sal
Judgments of God, in the Salic laws, how determined, iii. 506.09 $0
popular, of the Romans, displayed, iv. 380. 2013Q0IS

Julia Domna, wife of the emperor Severus, her character, i. 151. Her
death, 166, 167, note G.

Julian, the nephew of Constantine the Great, his education i. 203, näte G ̃

His

His dangerous situation on the death of his brother Gallus 210 Ja sent
to Athens, where he cultivates philosophy, 211. Is recalled by (onstan
tius, 212. Is invested with the title of Cæsar, 214. Is appointed to the
government of Gaul, 231. His first campaign, 234. Battle of Strasburg,
237. Reduces the Franks at Toxandria, 249, note M. His three expe-
ditions beyond the Rhine, 241. Restores the cities of Gaul, 243. His
ivil administration, 244. His account of the theological calamities of
the empire under Constantius, 360. Constantius grows jealous of him,
370, note M. The Gaulish legions are ordered into the East, 372. Is
saluted emperor by the troops, 375. His embassy and epistle to Con-
stantius, 378. His fourth and fifth expeditions beyond the Rhine, 380.
Declares war against Constantius, and abjures the Christian religion,
384. His march from the Rhine into Illyricum, 385. Enters Sirmium,
387. Publishes apologies for his conduct, 388. His triumphant entry
into Constantinople on the death of Constantius, 392. His private life
and civil government, 393. His reformations in the Imperial palace,
395, 396. Becomes a sloven, to avoid foppery, 397. Erects a tribunal for
the trial of the evil ministers of Constantius, 398. Dismisses the spies
and informers employed by his predecessor, 401. His love of freedom
and the republic, 402. His kindnesses to the Grecian cities. 404.
abilities as an orator, and as a judge, 405, 406. His character, 407. His
apostasy accounted for, 409, 410. Adopts the Pagan mythology, 413.
His theological system, 415. His initiation into the Eleusinian mys-
teries, and his fanaticism, 418. His hypocritical duplicity, 419. Writes
a vindication of his apostasy, 421. His ediet for a general toleration,
422, 423. His Pagan superstitious zeal, 424. His circular letters for the
reformation of the Pagan religion, 425. His industry in gaining pros-
elytes, 429. His address to the Jews, 432, 433. History of his attempt
to rebuild the temple at Jerusalem, 436. Explanations as to the fire
from the subterranean vaults having injured the workmen, 439, note G.,
439, 440, notes M. and G. Transfers the revenues of the Christian church
to the Heathen priests, 442. Prohibits Christian schools, 442.99 Obliges
the Christians to reinstate the Pagan temples, 445. Restores the sacred
grove and temple of Daphne, 446, 447. Punishes the Christians of
Antioch for burning that temple, 448. His treatment of the cities of
Edessa and Alexandria, 454. Banishes Athanasius, 456. The philosoph-
ical fable of his Cæsars delineated, 461. Meditates the conquest of
Persia, 463. Popular discontents during his residence at Antioch, 466.
Occasion of writing his Misopogon, 468. His march to the Euphrates,
470. He enters the Persian territories, 476. Invades Assyria, 481. His
personal conduct in this enterprise, 485. His address to his discontented
troops, 486 His successful passage over the Tigris, 489. Burns his
fleet, 494. His retreat and distress, 495. His death, 499. His funeral,

617.
Julian, count, offers to betray Spain into the hands of the Arabs, v. 246
His advice to the victorious Saracens, 253.

the papal legate, exhorts Ladislaus, king of Hungary and Poland,
to breach of faith with the Turks, vi. 354. His death and character,
357, 355
358.

90%

Julius, master-general of the troops in the Eastern empire, concerts a
general massacre of the Gothic youth in Asia, iii. 55.915,daigou oolidgb
Jurisprudence, Roman, a review of, iv. 298. Was polished by Grecian
philosophy, 321. Abuses of, 323, 324, note W.
Justin the Elder, his military promotion, iv. 41, note M. His elevation to
the empire, and character, 42. His death, 45.2 ads ai hot to snemabut
II., emperor, succeeds his uncle Justinian, iv. 387. His firm be
havior to the ambassadors of the Avars, 388. His abdication and in
vestiture of Tiberius, as his successor, 400, 401. His death, 402. desh

Martyr, his decision in the case of the Ebionites, i. 623, note."
extravagant account of the progress of Christianity, 582. Occasion
of his own conversion, 581

Justina, the popular story of her marriage with the emperor Valentinian
examined, ii. 591. Her infant son Valentinian II. invested with the
Imperial ensigns, on the death of his father, 592. Her contest with Am
brose, archbishop of Milan, iii. 70. Flies from the invasion of Maximus,
with her son, 103.

Justinian, emperor of the East, his birth and promotion, iv, 41. His
orthodoxy, 44. Is invested with the diadem by his uncle Justin, 45.
Marries Theodora, 52. Patronizes the blue faction of the circus, 58.
State of agriculture and manufacture in his provinces, 64. Introduces
the culture of the silk-worm, and manufacture of silk into Greece, 71.
State of his revenue, 73, note M. His avarice and profusion, 75. Taxes
and monopolies, 77, 78. His ministers, 80. His public buildings, 83.
Founds the church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, 85. His other pub-
lic works, 89. His European fortifications, 91. His Asiatic fortications,
97. He suppresses the schools of Athens, 104. And the consular dig-
nity, 110. Purchases a peace from the Persians, 113. Undertakes to
restore Hilderic, king of Carthage, 116. Reduction of Africa, 124, 127,
133. His instructions for the government of, 134. His acquisitions in
Spain, 145. His deceitful negotiations in Italy, 150.00 Weakness of his
empire, 190. Receives an embassy from the Avars, 205. And from the
Turks, 206. Persian war, 222. His negotiations with Chosroes, 237.
His alliance with the Abyssinians, 241. Neglects the Italian war under
Belisarius, 254. Settles the government of Italy under the exarch of
Ravenna, 279. Disgrace and death of Belisarius, 284. The emperor's
death and character, 287 Comets and calamities in his reign, 289, note
M. His Code, Pandects, and Institutes, 299. His theological character
and government, 527. His persecuting spirit, 528. His orthodoxy, 531.
Died a heretic, 534.

II., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 576.

the son of Germanus, his conspiracy with the empress Sophia,
and success against the Persians, iv. 403.

Jus Italicum, Savigny quoted respecting the, ii. 105, note M.

Juvenal, his remarks on the crowded state of the inhabitants of Rome,
iii. 265, 266.

K.

Kaoti or Lieoupang, emperor of China, defeated by the Huns, iii. 18.
Karasoo River, historical anecdotes relative to it, iv. 463, note M.
Khan, import of this title in the northern parts of Asia, iii. 11, 214.
Khazars or Chozars, their invasion of Georgia, and alliance with Heraclius,
iv. 477, note M. odl

Khosroo Purveez, his reign and magnificence, iv. 458, 461. His palace of
Dastagerd, 462, 463, note M. His contempt of Mahomet, 463, note M.
See Chosroes.

Kilidje Arslan, sultan, destroys the advanced army of the first crusade
near Nice in Asia Minor, v. 575, 576, note M.

King, the title of, conferred by Constantine the Great on his nephew Han-
nibalianus, ii. 164.

Kindred, degrees of, according to the Roman civil law, iv. 359, 360.
Knighthood, how originally conferred, and its obligations, v. 562.
Koran of Mahomet, account and character of, v. 109.

Koreish, the tribe of, acquire the custody of the Caaba at Mecca, v. 94.
Pedigree of Mahomet therefrom, 98. They oppose his pretensions to a
prophetical character, 123. Escape of Mahomet from, 124. Battle of
Beder, 181. Battle of Ohud, 132. Mecca surrendered to Mahomet,
136.
boomber
ebem al sosud to off

Labarum, or standard of the Cross, in the army of Constantine the Great
described, 261.

Labeo, the civilian, his diligence in business and composition, iv. 821.
His professional character, 325.

Lactantius, predictions of, i. 536, note M. Difficulties in ascertaining the
date of his divine institutions, ii. 248, note. His flattering prediction
of the influence of Christianity among mankind, 254. Inculcates the
divine right of Constantine to the empire, 256, note.

Ladislaus, king of Hungary and Poland, leads an army against the
Turks. vi. 352. His breach of faith with them, 354.

-, king of Naples, harasses Rome during the schism of the
papacy, vi. 499.

Lætus, prætorian præfect, conspires the death of Commodus, and confers
the empire on Pertinax, i. 115, 116, note W.

Laity, when first distinguished from the clergy, i. 562.

Lampadius, a Roman senator, boldly condemns the treaty with Alaric the
Goth, iii. 231.

Lance, Holy, narrative of the miraculous discovery of, v. 586.

Land, how assessed by the Roman emperors, ii. 142, 143, note M How
divided by the Barbarians, iii. 598, 599, notes M. Allodial and Salic,
distinguished, 600, 601, note M. Of Italy, how partitioned by Theodoric
the Ostrogoth, iv. 13, note M.

Laodicea, its ancient splendor, i. 62.

Lascaris, Theodore, establishes an empire at Nice, vi. 104. His character,
141.

II., his character, vi. 143.

Janus, the Greek grammarian, vi. 339. Constantine, 340, note.
Latin church, occasion of its separation from the Greek church, vi. 48.
Corruption and schism of, 308. Reunion of with the Greek church,
322. The subsequent Greek schism, 344.

Latium, the right of, explained, i. 43. note M.

Laura, a, or circle of solitary cells surrounding the monasteries of the
East, iii. 537.

Law, review of the profession of, under the emperors, ii. 122. Authorities
for Roman law stated, iv. 316, note M. Succession of the civil lawyers,
319. Jurisconsults of the first period, 319, note W. Of the second peri-
od, Cicero, &c., 320. Their philosophy, 321. Institutes, 321, note W.
Authority of, 323, 324, note W. Sects of Proculians and Sabinians, 325,
326, note W.

Laws of Rome, review of, iv. 298, 317, 319, note M. Those of the kings,
301. Of the twelve tables, 303. Of the people, 307. Decrees of the
senate, and edicts of the prætors, 309. Constitutions of the emperors,
313, note M. Their rescripts, 316, note M. The three codes of, 317.
The forms of, 317, 318, notes W. and M. Reformation of, by Justinian,
328. Abolition and revival of the penal laws, 573, 674.

Lazi, the tribe of, in Colchos, account of, iv. 230.

Leake, Colonel, Edict of Diocletian," by, i. 440, note M. Discovers the
site of Dodona, iv. 265, note M.

Learning, the revival of, vi. 324. Of the Greek, in Italy, 327, 330, 331,
333. Of pronunciation and accents, 335, 336. Emulation of the Latins,
337. Under Cosmo and Lorenzo of Medicis, 338.. Classic literature,
340. Introduction of learning among the Arabians, v. 300.
Le Clerc, character of his Ecclesiastical History, iv 427, note.

Legacies and inheritances taxed by Augustus, i. 191. How regulated by
the Roman law, iv. 363.

Legion, in the Roman army under the emperors, described, i. 14, 19.
Camp of a, 18. General distribution of the legions, 19. The size of,
reduced by Constantine the Great, ii. 127.

Leo of Thrace is made emperor of the East, by his master Aspar, iii. 489.
Was
Christian potentate who was crowned by a priest, 489,
Confers the empire of the West on Anthemius, 490. His armamen
against the Vandals in Africa, 494. His alarm on its failure, 497, no-
M. Murders Aspar and his sons, iv. 3.

Leo III., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 582, 583, note M. His edicts
against images in churches, v. 10. Revolt of Italy, 18.9th adol

IV., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 584, note M. of eldsny samid
V., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 590.

VI., the Philosopher, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 601. Extin-
guishes the power of the senate, v. 363.

bishop of Rome, his character, and embassy from Valentinian III. te
Attila, king of the Huns, iii. 449, 450, note M. Intercedes with Gen-
seric, king of the Vandals, for clemency to the city of Rome, 462, 463,
note. Calls the council of Chalcedon, iv. 517.

III., pope, his miraculous recovery from the assault of assassins, v.
42. Crowns Charlemagne emperor of the Romans, 43.

IV., pope, his reign, v. 315, 316. Founds the Leonine city, 317.0
IX., pope, his expedition against the Normans of Apulia, v. 455, His
treaty with them, 456.

archbishop of Thessalonica, one of the restorers of Greek learning,
v. 378, 379.

general of the East, under the emperor Arcadius, his character, iii. 333.
Pilatus, first Greek professor at Florence, and in the West, character
of, vi. 330. bacose on

the Jew proselyte, history of his family, vi. 459. x9 amoresaid ziłk
Leonas, the quæstor, his embassy from Constantius to Julian, ii. 382.
Leonine city at Rome founded, v. 317.0 Raota sideploy a

Leontius is taken from prison, and chosen emperor of Constantinople, on
the deposition of Justinian II., iv. 577.

Leovigild, Gothic king of Spain, his character, iii. 559. Revolt and exe-
cution of his son Hermenegild, 560. jaumus oslong ong

Letters, a knowledge of, the test of civilization in a people, i. 257.
Lewis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, emperor of the Romans, v. 54.

II., son of Lewis the Pious, emperor of the Romans, v. 54. His
epistle to the Greek emperor, Basil I., 441.
Libanius, his account of the private life of the emperor Julian, ii. 894.
And of his divine visions, 419. Applauds the dissimulation of Julian,
420. His character, 469. His eulogium on the emperor Valens, iii. 61, 62.
Liberius superseded in the Sicilian command by Artaban, iv. 265, 266, vide
note M.

bishop of Rome, is banished by the emperor Constantius, for
refusing to concur in deposing Athanasius, ii. 345, 355.
Liberty, public, the only sure guardians of, against an aspiring prince, i. 73.
Licinius is invested with the purple by the emperor Galerius, i. 446. His
alliance with Constantine the Great, 485. Defeats Maximin, 486. His
cruelty, 486. Is defeated by Constantine at Cibalis, 490. And at
Mardia, 491. Peace concluded with Constantine, 498. Second civil war
with Constantine, 497. His humiliation and death, 502. Concurred
with Constantine in publishing the edict of Milan, ii. 252. Violated
this engagement by oppressing the Christians, 257. Fate of his son.
157, 160, note.

Lieutenant, Imperial, his office and rank, i. 77.

Lightning, superstition of the Romans with reference to persons and places
struck with, i. 393. On the knowledge of conducting it possessed by th
ancients, iii.

M.

expel their

Limigantes, e daredo

n

rs, and usurp possession

masters,

of their country, ii. 172. Extinction of, by Constantius, 221.
Literature, revival of, in Italy, vi. 327, 328. Ancien t, use and abuse of, 340
Lithuania, its late conversion to Christianity, v. 438.

Litorius, count, is defeated and taken captive in Gaul by Theodoric, iii.
426.

Liutprand, king of the Lombards, attacks the city of Rome, v. 24.

bishop of Cremona, ambassador to Constantinople, ceremony

of his audience with the emperor, v 337.