Prodigies in ancient history, a philosophical resolution of, ii. 364,

Promises, under what circumstances the Roman law enforced the fulfilment
of, iv. 365, 366, note W.

Promotus, master-general of the infantry under Theodosius, is ruined by
the enmity of Rufinus, iii. 166.

Property, personal, the origin of, iv. 355. How ascertained by the Roman
laws, 356, 357, note W. Testamentary dispositions of, how introduced,
362.

Prophets, their office among the primitive Christians, i. 555, note M
Propontis described, ii. 90.

Proterius, patriarch of Alexandria, his martial episcopacy, and violent
death, iv. 521, 522.

Protestants, their resistance of oppression not consistent with the practice
3 of the primitive Christians, ii. 255. Proportion f their number to that
of the Catholics, in France, at the beginning of the last century, 258,
note. Estimate of their reformation of popery, v. 399, 400.
Protosebastos, import of that title in the Greek empire, v. 353.
Proverbs, the book of, doubts as to its being the production of King Sol-
omon, iv. 139, note. Rosenmüller's opinion as to the period of its com-
position, note M., 139.

Provinces of the Roman empire described, i. 21.

Distinction between
Latin and Greek provinces, 44. Account of the tributes received from,
187, note M., 194. Their number and government after the seat of em-
pire was removed to Constantinople, ii. 120.

Prusa, conquest of, by the Ottomans, vi. 226,des
Prussia, emigration of the Goths to, i. 285, vide notes.

Pulcheria, sister of the emperor Theodosius the Younger, her character
and administration, iii. 351. Her lessons to her brother, 353. Her con
tests with the empress Eudocia, 356. Is proclaimed empress of the
*East, on the death of Theodosius, 418. Her death and canonization,
488, note.

Purple, the Imperial robe of, i. 437.

"" the royal color of, among the ancients, far surpassed by the modern
discovery of cochineal, iii. 66, note.

Pygmies of Africa, ancient fabulous account of, ii. 575.

Quadi, the inroads of, punished by the emperor Constantius, ii. 220
Revenge the treacherous murder of their king, Gabinius, 588.

Quæstor, historical review of this office, ii. 133.

Question, criminal, how exercised under the Roman emperors, i. 138.
Quintilian brothers, Maximus and Condianus, their history, i. 195.

Quintilius, brother of the emperor Claudius, his ineffectual effort to suc
teri ceed him, i. 338, vide note G.

Quintus Curtius, an attempt to decide the age in which he wrote, I 219,
note. Arguments respecting it, 219, note G., note M.

Quirites, the effect of that word when opposed to soldiers, i. 183.

218.

Radagaisus, king of the Goths, his formidable invasion of Italy, ii. 216.
His savage character, 217. Ís reduced by Stilicho, and put to death,
Radiger, king of the Varni, compelled to fulfil his matrimonial obligations
by a British heroine, iii. 630.

Rainulf, count, leader of the Normans in Italy, v. 449, note G.
Ramadan, the month of, how observed by the Turks, v. 115, 116.
Ramon de Montaner, autobiography of, notes G. and M., vi. 169, 170.
Rando, a chieftain of the Alemanni, his unprovoked attack
acum, ii. 556.

attack of

Mogunti

Ravenna, the ancient city of, described, iii. 211. The emperor Honorius
fixes his residence there, 212. Invasion of, by a Greek fleet, v. 20
Taken by the Lombards, and recovered by the Venetians, 23, 24. Final
conquest of, by the Lombards, 25. Exarchate of, bestowed by Pepin ol
the pope, 31.

Raymond of Thoulouse, the crusader, his character, v. 560. His route to
Constantinople, 565. His bold behavior at Dorylæum, 577. And at the
siege of Jerusalem, 592.

count of Tripoli, betrays Jerusalem into the hands of Saladin.
vi. 24. Doubt as to the extent of his guilt, 25, note M.

Raynal, abbé, mistaken in asserting that Constantine the Great suppressed
Pagan worship, ii. 274, note.

Rebels, who the most inveterate of, v. 392.

Recared, the first Catholic king of Spain, converts his Gothic subjects,
iii. 560.

Red Sea, communication by a canal and the Nile with the Mediterranean,
v. 232, note M.

Reformation from popery, the amount of, estimated, v. 399. A secret
reformation still working in the reformed churches, 402, 403, note M.
Reindeer, this animal driven northward by the improvement of climate
from cultivation, i. 253, 254, note M.

Relics, the worship of, introduced by the monks, iii. 156. A valuable cargo
of, imported from Constantinople by Louis IX. of France, vi. 122.
Remigius, bishop of Rheims, converts Clovis, king of the Franks, iii. 574.
Repentance, its high esteem and extensive operation, among the prim-
itive Christians, i. 545.

Resurrection, general, the Mahometan doctrine of, v. 116.

Retiarius, the mode of his combat with the Secutor in the Roman amphi-
theatre, i. 114.

Revenues of the primitive church, how distributed, i. 563, 566, ü. 297. Of
the Roman empire, in the reign of Augustus, i. 189, notes G. and W.
When removed to Constantinople, a review of, ii. 140, 141, note G
Rhæteum, city of, its situation, ii. 93.

Rhætia described, i. 25.

Rhazates, the Persian, defeated and killed by Heraclius, iv. 479.

Rhetoric, the study of, congenial to a popular state, iii. 104.

Rhine, banks of the, fortified by the emperor Valentinian, ii. 557.
Rhodes, the colossus of, v. 219. The knights of, vi. 229.

Richard I. of England engages in the third crusade, vi. 29, 30. His mil-
itary renown, 32. Is accused of the death of Conrad of Montferrat, 32,
note. Opinions on this charge, 32, M. Bestows the Island of Cyprus ou
the house of Lusignan, 57. His reply to the exhortations of Fulk of

Neuilly, 60.

monk of Cirencester, his literary character, iii. 317, note.
Ricimer, count, his history, iii. 472. Permits Marjorian to assume the
Imperial dignity in the Western empire, 473, 474. Enjoys supreme
power under cover of the name of the emperor Libius Severus, 484.
Marries the daughter of the emperor Anthemius, 490. Sacks Rome, and
kills Anthemius, 506. His death, 506.

Rienzi, Nicholas di, his birth, character, and history, vi. 471.
Roads, Roman, the construction and great extent of, i. 63.
Robert of Courtenay, emperor of Constantinople, vi. 116.
of Paris, his adventures in the crusades, v. 572.

count of Flanders, his character and engagement in the first cru-
sade, v. 559, 594.

duke of Normandy, his character and engagement in the first cru
sade. v. 559, 581. Recalled by the censures of the church, 585, 594.
Roderic, the Gothic king of Spain, his defeat by Tarik the Arab, v. 252.
His death, 253.

Rodugune, probable origin of her character, in Rowe's "Royal Convert,"
iii. 631, note.
51 *

Roger, count of Sicily, his conquest of that island, v. 464.

son of the former, the first king of Sicily, v. 182, 483. His
military achievements in Africa and Greece, 485, 486.

de Flor engages as an auxiliary in the service of the Greek emperor
Andronicus, vi. 166. His assassination, 168, 169, notes M.
Romanus I., Lecapenus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 603.

II., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 605.

III., Argyrus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 610.

IV., Diogenes, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 616. Is defeated
and taken prisoner by the Turkish sultan Alp Arslan, v. 513, 514. His
treatment, deliverance, and death, 516, 518.

Rome

-, governor of Africa, his corrupt administration, ii. 569.

, governor of Bosra, betrays it to the Saracens, v. 192.

Roman Empire, the three periods of its decline pointed out, i
xxiv. Author's Preface. Its prosperous circumstances in the second
century, i. 1. The principal conquests of, achieved under the republic,
2. Conquests under the emperors, 3, 4, 5, 6. Military establishment of
the emperors, 10, 16, note M. Naval force of the empire, 20. View of
the provinces of the empire, 21. Its general extent, 32. The union
and internal prosperity of the empire, in the age of the Antonines, ac-
counted for, 33. Treatment of the provinces, 42. Benefits included in
the freedom of the city, 39. Distinction between the Latin and Greek
provinces, 42, 43. Municipal privileges of certain cities, 41, 42, notes, 41,
43, M. Prevalence of the Greek, as a scientific language, 46, 47. Num-
bers and condition of the Roman slaves, 47. Unhappy influence of slavery
and captivity in enhancing the bitterness of ancient warfare, 47, note G..
47, 48, 49, notes M. and G. Hope of enfranchisement, 50. Populousness
3 of the empire, 52. Unity and power of the government, 54. Monu-
ments of Roman architecture, 55, 59. The Roman magnificence chiefly
displayed in public buildings, 56. Principal cities in the empire, 60.
Public roads, 63. Great improvements of agriculture in the western
countries of the empire, 65. Arts of luxury, 67. Commerce with the
East, 68.8 Contemporary representation of the prosperity of the empire,
70. Decline of courage and genius, 70, 71. Review of public affairs
after the battle of Actium, 73. The Imperial power and dignity con-
firmed to Augustus by the senate, 75. The various characters and pow-
ers vested in the emperor, 80. General idea of the Imperial system,
70 83. Abortive attempt of the senate to resume its rights after the mur-
Binder of Caligula, 88. The emperors associate their intended successors
to power, 90. The most happy period in the Roman history pointed out,
1095. Their peculiar misery under their tyrants, 97. The empire publicly
sold by auction by the prætorian guards, 127. Civil wars of the Romans,
how generally decided, 140. When the army first received regular pay,
186. How the citizens were relieved from taxation, 186. General esti-
mate of the Roman revenue from the provinces, 187, 189. Miseries
flowing from the succession to the empire being elective. 196. A sum-
mary review of the Roman history, 197, 226. Recapitulation of the
war with Parthia, 240. Invasion of the provinces by the Goths, 287.
The office of censor revived by the emperor Decius, 291. Peace pur-
chased of the Goths, 295. The emperor Valerian taken prisoner by
Sapor, king of Persia, 316. The popular conceit of the thirty tyrants of
Roine investigated, 322. Famine and pestilence throughout the empire,
328. Remarks on the alleged sedition of the officers of the mint under
10 Aurelian, 362. Observations on the peaceful interregnum after the
aydeaths of Aurelian, 367. Colonies of Barbarians introduced into the
provinces by Probus, 383. Exhibition of the public games by Carinus,
395. Treaty of peace between the Persians and the Romans, 426. atHow
the Imperial courts came to be transferred to Milan and Nicomedia, 432,
433. The prætorian bands supersedeu by the Jovian and Hereuleal
guards, 435 The power of the senate annihilated, 435. Four divisions

of the mpire under four conjunct princes, 438. Their expensive estab
lishments call for more burdensome taxes, 439. Titles of Dominus, and
of Basileus, or king, 436. Diocletian and Maximian affect the style and
attributes of Divinity, 436. The former assumes a diadem, 437
Imperial robe and jewels, 437. The pomp and state of the republican
consuls was magisterial, the ceremony and magnificence of these empe-
rors personal, 436, notes G. and M. Diocletian and Maximian abdicate
the empire, 441. Six emperors existing at one time, 446. The senate
and people apply to Constantine to deliver them from the tyranny of
Maxentius, 474. Laws of Constantine, 493. Constantine remains sole
emperor, 502. History of the progress and establishment of Christianity,
503. Pretensions of the bishop of Rome, when deduced, 561. State of
the church at Rome at the time of the persecution by Nero, 579. The
memorable edicts of Diocletian and his associates against the Christians,
ii. 63, 66. His cruel persecution, 69, note G. Account of the building
and establishment of the rival city of Constantinople, 87. New forms
of administration established there, 106. Division of the Roman em-
pire among the sons of Constantine, 176. Establishment of Christianity
as the national religion, 277 Paganism restored by Julian, 423, and
Christianity by Jovian, 519. The empire divided into the East and West
by Valentinian, 529. Civil institutions by Valentinian, 530. The crafty
avarice of the clergy restrained by Valentinian, 549. Great earthquake,
iii. 1. Laws passed for the relief of Rome and Italy, 229. Triumph
of Honorius for the reduction of Spain by Wallia, 311, 312. Indica-
tions of the ruin of the empire at the death of Valentinian, 457. General
observations on the history of the Roman empire, 633.
Rome, city of, fortified against the inroads of the Alemanni, i. 346. The
last triumph celebrated at Rome, 431. Constantine enters the city
victorious, 480.
Narrative of the fire of Rome in the reign of Nero,
ii. 16. The Christians persecuted as the incendiaries, 17. Tumults
excited by the rival bishops Liberius and Felix, 356. Bloody contest
of Damasus and Ursinus for the bishopric of Rome, 551. The
emperor Theodosius visits the, city, iii. 106. Inquiry into the cause
of the corruption of morals in his reign, 128. Review of the Pagan
establishment, 132. The Pagan religion renounced by the senate,
138. Sacrifices prohibited, 140. The Pagan religion prohibited, 151.
Triumph of Honorius and Stilieho over Alaric the Goth, 208. Alaric
encamps under the walls of the city, 243. Retrospect of the state of
the city when besieged by Hannibal, 244. Wealth of the nobles and
magnificence of the city, 249. Character of the nobles of, by Ammianus
Marcellinus, 252. State and character of the common people. 260.
Public distributions of bread, &c., 261. Public baths, 262. Games and
spectacles, 263. Attempts to ascertain the population of the city, 265.
The citizens suffer by famine, 269. Plague, 270, Besieged by Alaric,
268. The retreat of Alaric purchased by a ransom, 271. Is again be-
sieged by Alaric, 277. The senate unites with him in electing Attalus
emperor, 278. The city seized a third time by Alaric, and plundered,
281. Comparison between this event and the sack of Rome by the
emperor Charles V., 290. Alaric quits Rome and ravages Italy, 291.
Is preserved from the hands of Attila by a ransom, 449, 450. Sack of
the city by Genseric, king of the Vandals, 463. The public buildings of,
protected from depredation by the laws of Majorian, 477. Is sacked again
by the patrician Ricimer, 506. Augustulus, the last emperor of the
West, 509. The decay of the Roman spirit remarked, 515. History of
and monastic institutions in, 520. Prosperity of the city under the govern-
ment of Theodoric, iv. 19, 23. Account of the four factions in the cir-
cus, 56. First introduction of silk among the Romans, 66. The office
of consul suppressed by Justinian, 110. The city receives Belisarius,
159.9 Siege of, by the Goths, 159. Distressful siege of, by Totila, th
Goth, 225. Is taken 257. Is recovered by Belisarius, 260 Is again

taken by Totila, 264. Is taken by the eunuch Narses, 272. Extinction
of the senate, 273. The city degraded to the second rank under the
exarchs of Ravenna, 281. A review of the Roman laws, 298 et seq
notes W. and M. Extent of the duchy of, under the exarchs of Raven.
na, 408. Miserable state of the city, 416. Pontificate of Gregory the
Great, 421. The government of the city new modelled under the popes,
after their revolt from the Greek emperors, v. 24. Is attacked by the
Lombards, and delivered by King Pepin, 25, 26. The office and rank of
exarchs and patricians explained, 30. Reception of Charlemagne by
Pope Adrian 1., 30. Origin of the temporal power of the popes, 31.
Mode of electing a pope, 58. Is menaced by the Saracens, 314.Pros-
perous pontificate of Leo IV., 315, 317. Is besieged and taken by the
emperor Henry III., 478. Great part of the city burnt by Robert Guis-
card, in the cause of Pope Gregory VII., 479. The history of, resumed,
after the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, vi. 420. French and
German emperors of, 421. Authority of the popes, 422. Restoration of
the republican form of government, 434. Office of senator, 439. Wars
against the neighboring cities, 446. Institution of the jubilee,456. Revo-
lution in the city, by the tribune Rienzi, 471. His character, 481, note
M. Calamities flowing from the schism of the papacy, 499. Statutes
and government of the city, 505. Porcaro's conspiracy, 507. The eccle-
siastical government of, 512. Reflections of Poggius on the ruin of the
city, 516. Four principal causes of its ruin specified, 519. The Coli-
seum of Titus, 532, 533, note M. Restoration and ornaments of the city,

539.
Romilda, the betrayer of Friuli to the Avars, her cruel treatment by them,
iv. 464, 465.45 en
Rosamond, daughter of Cunimund, king of the Gepida, her marriage with
Alboin, king of the Lombards, iv. 390, 392. Conspires his murder, 397,
398. Her flight and death, 398, 399.

Roum, the Seljukian kingdom of, formed, v. 526.125
Roxolani, account of their chiefs, iii. 28, notes.
Rudbeck, Olaus, summary abridgment of the arguments in his Atlantica,
i. 256, note.

Rufinus, the confidential minister of the emperor Theodosius the Great,
stimulates his cruelty against Thessalonica, ii. 115. His character and
administration, iii. 165. His death, 177.

Rugilas, the Hun, his settlement in Hungary, iii. 387, note M.9g d
Runic characters, the antiquity of, traced, i. 257, note, and note M.
Russia, origin of the Russ, iii. 28, notes. Of the monarchy of, v. 421, note
M. Geography and trade of, 424. Naval expeditions of the Russians
against Constantinople, 427. Reign of the czar Swatoslaus, 431. The
Russians converted to Christianity, 434. Is conquered by the Moguls,
vi. 217. State of the Greek church of, in the time of Cardinal Isidore,
316.
word to anolesvg
Rustan, a Persian nobleman, a saying of his, expressive of the danger of
living under despots, i. 98.

Rutilius, his

,his character of the monks of Capraria, iii. 184.91

S.

In sodiosd offs,oned yd boxoup
58(ansellch of bsisbronte al
Sabellius, the heresiarch, his opinions afterwards adopted by his antago
nists, ii. 313. His doctrine of the Trinity, 316. The Sabellians unite
with the Tritheists, at the council of Nice, to overpower the Arians, 318.
Sabians, their astronomical mythology, v. 96.

Babinian obtains the command of the eastern provinces from Constantius,
ii. 230.

, general of the East, is defeated by Theodoric the Ostrɔgoth,
king of Italy, iv. 18.
Babinions, origin of the sect of, in the Roman civil law iv. 325. zuola

ti „smoyah 18 toregme sat to ebaus