bymmachus, his account of the Pagan conformity of the emperor Con
stantius, during his visit to Rome, ii. 367. Pleads in behalf of the
ancient Pagan religion of Rome to the emperor Valentinian, iii. 135.
Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, excommunicates the president Andronicus,
11. 290. His extraordinary character, 290, note. His advice to the East
ern emperor Arcadius, iii. 197.

Synods, provincial, in the primitive churches, institution of, i. 558, notes
M. and G. Nature of those assemblies, ii. 288. See Councils.
Syria, its revolutions and extent, i. 27. Is reduced by Chosroes II., king
of Persia, iv. 459. General description of, v. 204. Is conquered by the
Saracens, 207. Invasion of, by Tamerlane, vi. 260.
Syriac language, where spoken in the greatest purity,

242, note.

Syrianus, duke of Egypt, surprises the city of Alexandria, and expels
Athanasius, the primate of Egypt, ii. 348.

Tabari, the Arabian historian, account of his work, v. 175, note.

l'abenne, the island of, in Upper Thebais, is settled with monks, by Pa
chomius, iii. 523.

Table of emerald in the Gothic treasury in Spain, account of, iii. 299. 4)
Tacitus, emperor, his election and character, i. 370.

note.

the historian, his character of the principles of the Portico, i. 94,
The intention of his episodes, 226. His character as an historian,
250. His account of the ancient Germans, 250, note M., 255; of the
massacre of the Bructeri, 275, note G. His history, how preserved and
transmitted down to us, 369, note. His account of the persecution of
the Christians as the incendiaries of Rome, ii. 17.

Tactics of Leo and Constantine, character of, v. 338, note M. Military
character of the Greeks, 364.

Tagina, battle of, between the eunuch Narses and Totila, king of the
Goths in Italy, iv. 270, 271.

Taherites, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 326.

Tamerlane, his birth, reign, and conquests, vi. 246, 247, note M. His first
adventures, 249, note M. His letter to Bajazet, 258. Inquiry as to its
authenticity, note M., 258. His conference with the doctors of the law,
at Aleppo, 261. Defeats and takes Bajazet prisoner, 265, 266. How
kept out of Europe, 271. His triumph at Samarcand, 273. Dies on a
march to China, 275. His character, 275.

at Con-

Tancred, the crusader, his character, v. 561. His gallant behavior at
stantinople, 571. His conduct at Jerusalem, 593, 594.

Tarachus, the sufferings of, and other Christians, ii. 81, notes M.
Tarasius, secretary to the empress Irene, made patriarch of Constanti-
nople, v. 37. Presides at, and frames the decrees of, the second council
of Nice, 37.

Tarik, the Arab, his descent on Spain, v. 252. Defeats and kills Roderic,
king of the Goths, 253. His disgrace, 257, 261.

Tarragona, the city of, almost destroyed by the Franks, i. 301.

Tartars. See Scythians.

Tartary, Eastern, conquest of, by Tamerlane, vi. 253.

Tatian, and his son Proculus, destroyed by the base arts of Rufinus, the
confidential minister of the emperor Theodosius, iii. 166, 167.

Taurus the consul, ii. 388. Banished by the tribunal of Chalcedon, 400.
Taxes, now the Roman citizens were exonerated from the burden of, i. 186.
Account of those instituted by Augustus, 189. Freedom of Rome given
to all provincials by Caracalla for the purpose of taxation, 191, or by M.
Aurelius, 194, note W. Consequences of this measure, 195. How raised
under Constantine the Great, and his successors, ii. 141. 142, note M.,
146, note M. Capitation tax, 145, 146, note M., iv. 77.00 pak do
Tayef, siege of, by Mahomet, v. 138, 139.

l'cias, the last king of the Goths, defeated and killed by the eunuch
Narses, iv. 273, 274.

Telemachus, an Asiatic monk loses his life at Rome, in an attempt to
prevent the combat of the gladiators, iii. 210, vide note M.

Temple of Jerusalem burned, ii. 22. History of the emperor Julian's
attempt to restore it, 436.

Temugin. See Zingis.

Tephrice is occupied and fortified by the Paulicians, v. 392.

Tertullian, his pious exultation in the expected damnation of al the
pagan world, i. 538. Criticisms on the Latin passage, and Gibbon's
translation, 538, notes G. and M. Suggests desertion to Christian sol-
diers, 552, note. Critical inquiry as to his real meaning, 552, notes G. and
M. His suspicious account of two edicts of Tiberius and Marcus Anto-
ninus, in favor of the Christians, ii. 46.

Testaments, the Roman laws for regulating, iv. 362. Codicils, 364.
Tetricus assumes the empire in Gaul at the instigation of Victoria, i. 348.
Betrays his legions into the hands of Aurelian, 349. Is led in triumph
by Aurelian, 359, 360.

Teutonic languages, the cycle of poetry relating to Attila the Hun n the,
iii. 413, 414, note M.

Thabor, Mount, dispute concerning the light of, vi. 193.

Thanet, the island of, granted by Vortigern, as a settlement for his Saxon
anxiliaries, i.i. 616.

Theatrical entertainments of the Romans described, iii. 264.
Thebaan legion, the martyrdom of, apocryphal, ii. 60, note.
Theft, the Roman laws relating to, iv. 369, 375.

Themes, or military governments of the Greek empire, account of, v. 340.
Themistius, the orator, his encomium on religious toleration, ii. 522.
Theodatus, his birth and elevation to the throne of Italy, iv. 149. His
disgraceful treaties with the emperor Justinian, and revolt against them,
152, 153. His deposition and death, 158.

Theodebert, king of the Franks in Austrasia, joins the Goths in the siege
and destruction of Milan, iv. 176. Invades Italy, 177. His death, 178.
Termini, the ancient, the savages of Scythia compared to, iii. 27.

Theodemir, a Gothic prince of Spain, copy of his treaty of submission to
the Saracens, v. 258.

Theodora, empress, her birth. and early history, iv. 48. Her marriage with
Justinian, 52. Her tyranny, 53. Her virtues, 54. Her death, 55. Her
fortitude during the Nika sedition, 63. Account of her palace and gar-
dens of Heræum, 90. Her pious concern for the conversion of Nubia,
561, 562.
wife of the Greek emperor Theophilus, her history, iv. 594. Re
stored the worship of images, v. 39. Provokes the Paulicians to rebel-
lion, 392.
daughter of the Greek emperor Constantine IX., her history,
iv. 610, 611.

widow of Baldwin III., king of Jerusalem, her adventures as
the concubine of Andronicus Commenus, iv. 528.

Theodore Angelus, despot of Epirus, seizes the emperor Peter of Cour
tenay, vi. 115. Possesses himself of Thessalonica, 116.

Theodoric, the son of Alaric, his prosperous reign over the Visigoths in
Gaul, iii. 425. Unhappy fates of his daughters, 427. Is prevailed o1.
by Etius to join his forces against Attila, 436. Is killed at the battle
of Chalons, 440.

II., iii. 467. Acquires the Gothic sceptre by the murder of his
brother Torismond, 467. His character by Sidonius, 468. His expe
dition into Spain, 470.

โส

the Ostrogoth, his birth and education, iv. 1, 2, notes M
forced by his troops into a revolt against the emperor Zeno, 6. Ha
undertakes the conquest of Italy, 8. Reduces and kills Odoacer, 9, 11

Is acknowledged king of Italy, 12. Review of his administration. 12,
13. Assigns a third of the lands of Italy to his soldiers, 13, vide note M
His visit to Rome, and care of the public buildings, 23, 24, note M. His
religion, 27. His remorse and death, 38.

Theodoric, son of Triarius, iv. 7.

Theodosian code, recovery of the first five books of the, iv. 327, note W
Theodosiopolis, the city of, in Armenia, built, iii. 360.

Theodosius the Great, his distinction between a Roman prince and a Par-
thian monarch, ii. 152, note. The province of Mæsia preserved by his
valor, 589. Is associated by Gratian as emperor of the East, iii. 57. His
birth and character, 58. His prudent and successful conduct of the
Gothic war, 61. Defeats an invasion of the Ostrogoths, 67. His treaty
with Maximus, 78. His baptism, and edict to establish orthodox faith,
60. Purges the city of Constantinople from Arianism, 86. Enforces the
Nicene doctrine throughout the East, 87. Convenes a council at Con-
stantinople, 88. His edicts against heresy, 91. Receives the fugitive
family of Valentinian, and marries his sister Galla, 104, 105. Defeats
Maximus, and visits Rome, 106, 107. His character, 107, 108. His
lenity to the city of Antioch, 111, 113. His cruel treatment of Thessa-
lonica, 114. Submits to the penance imposed by St. Ambrose, for his
severity to Thessalonica, 117. Restores Valentinian, 119. Consults
John of Lycopolis, the hermit, on the intended war against Eugenius,
122. Defeats Eugenius, 125. His death, 127. Procured a senatorial
renunciation of the Pagan religion, 138. Abolishes Pagan rites, 140.
Prohibits the Pagan religion, 149.

the younger, his birth, iii. 348. Is said to be left by his father
Arcadius to the care of Jezdegerd, king of Persia, 349. His education
and character, 353. His marriage with Eudocia, 355, 356. His war with
Persia, 357. His pious joy on the death of John, the usurper of the
West, 365. His treaty with the Huns, 387. His armies defeated by
Attila, 396. Is reduced to

Is oppressed by the embassi cept a peace dictated by Attila, 401, 402.

of Attila, 404. Embassy of Maximin to
Attila, 406. Is privy to a scheme for the assassination of Attila, 416.
Attila's embassy to him on that occasion, 417. His death, 418. His
perplexity at the religious feuds between Cyril and Nestorius, iv. 510.
Banishes Nestorius, 513.

III., emperor of Constantinople, iv. 581.

the father of the emperor, his successful expedition to Britain,
ii. 568. Is received by the citizens of London, and publishes an amnesty,
568. Suppresses the revolt of Firnus the Moor, in Africa, 572. Is be.
headed at Carthage, 574.

patriarch of Alexandria, his competition with Gaian, how de-
cided, iv. 557. His negotiations at the court of Constantinople, 559.
the deacon, grandson of the emperor Heraclius, murdered by
his brother Constans II., iv. 574.
the lover of Antonina, detected by Belisarius, iv. 184. Turns
monk to escape her, 185. His death, 187. Misrepresentation respect-
ing it, 187, note M.

Theodotus, president of the council of Hierapolis under Constantius, his
ridiculous flattery to that emperor, ii. 390.

Theophano, wife of the Greek emperor Romanus II., poisons both him and
his father, iv. 605. Her connection with Nicephorus Phocas, 6067 THis
murder, and her exile, 608.

Theophilus, emperor of Constantinople, iv. 592. His Amorian war with
the caliph Motassem, v. 318.

---, archbishop of Alexandría, destroys the temple of Serapis, and
the Alexandrian library, iii. 145, 146. Assists the persecution of St
Chrysostom, 343. His invective against Eudoxia, 345, note. Prev

his pious embassy from Constantius to the East Indies and to
Abyssinia, ii. 276, note, and note M.

Theophobus, the Persian, his unfortunate history, iv. 593.

Theraputæ, or Essenians, some account of, i. 578.

Thermopylæ, the Straits of, fortified by the emperor Justinian, iv. 93.
Thessalonica, sedition and massacre there, iii. 113. Cruel treatment of the
citizens, 114. Penance of Theodosius for this severity, 117.

Theudelinda, princess of Bavaria, married to Autharis, king of the Lom
bards, iv. 414.

Thibaut, count of Campagne, engages in the fourth crusade, vi. 61.
Thomas the Cappadocian, his revolt against the Greek emperor Michael II.
and cruel punishment, iv. 592.

of Damascus, his exploits against the Saracens when besieging
that city, 197.

, St., account of the Christians of, in India, iv. 547. Persecution
of them by the Portuguese, 547, 548, note M., 549.

Thrace is colonized by the Bastarnæ, in the reign of Probus, i. 383. The
fugitive Goths permitted to settle there by the emperor Valens, iii. 31.
Is ravaged by them, 38. The Goths settled there by Theodosius, 68.
Thrasimund, king of the Vandals, his character, iii. 549.
Three Chapters, the famous dispute concerning the, iv. 532

Thundering Legion, the story concerning, of suspicious veracity, ii. 47.
Tiberius is adopted by Augustus, i. 90. His administration of the laws.
98. Reduces Cappadocia, 191, note. Suspicious story of his edict in
favor of the Christians, ii. 46.

is invested by Justin II. as his successor in the empire of the
East, iv. 401. His character and death, 403, 404.

Timasius, master-general of the army under the emperor Theodosius, iii.
328. Is disgraced and exiled under Arcadius, 328.

Timothy the Cat conspires the murder of Proterius, archbishop of Alex-
andria, and succeeds him, iv. 522.

Tipasa, miraculous gift of speech bestowed on the Catholics there, whose
tongues had been cut out, iii. 557.

Tiridates, king of Armenia, his character and history, ii. 419. Is restored
to his kingdom by Diocletian, 419. Is expelled by the Persians, 422. Is
restored again by treaty between the Romans and Persians, 430. His
conversion to Christianity, and death, iii. 179, vide note M.

Tithes assigned to the clergy as well by Zoroaster as by Moses, i. 236, note.
Were first granted to the church by Charlemagne v. 47.

Titus admitted to share the Imperial dignity with his father Vespasian,

i. 90.

Togrul Beg, sultan of the Turks, his reign and character, v. 508. He res-
cues the caliph of Bagdad from his enemies, 509.

Toledo taken by the Arabs under Tarik, v. 253, 254.

Toleration, universal, its happy effects in the Roman empire, i. 34. Re
strictions therein, 38, note W. What sects the most intolerant, 237, 238,
notes M.

Tollius, objections to his account of the vision of Antigonus, ii. 264, note.
Tongues, the gift of, i. 539, note M.

Torismond, son of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths, attends his father
against Attila, king of the Huns, iii. 436. Battle of Chalons, 440, Is
acknowledged king on the death of his father in the field, 442. Is killed
by his brother Theodoric, 467.

Torture, how admitted in the criminal law of the Romans under t
perors, ii. 138.

the em-

Totila is elected king of Italy by the Goths, iv. 250. His justice and mod-
eration, 253. Besieges and takes the city of Rome, 255, 256. Is induced
to spare Rome from destruction, at the instance of Belisarius, 259,
Takes Rome again, 264. Plunders Sicily, 265. Battle of Tagina, 270
His death, 272, note M.

Toulunides, the Saracen dynasty of, v. 327.

Tournaments preferable exhibitions to the Olympic games, v. 563.

Tours, battle of, between Charles Martel and the Saracens, v. 289.
Toxandria, in Germany, is overrun and occupied by the Franks, ii. 252.
Traditors, in the primitive church, ii. 67.

Trajan, emperor, his conquest of Dacia, i. 7. His conquests in the East,
7. Contrast between the characters of him and Hadrian, 8. His pillar
described, 59. Why adopted by the emperor Nerva, 91. His instruc-
tions to Pliny the younger for his conduct towards the Christians, ii. 26
Description of his famous bridge over the Danube, iv. 92, note.

-, count, his treacherous murder of Para, king of Armenia, ii. 581.
Transubstantiation, the doctrine of, when established, vi. 37.

Trebatius, a jurisconsult patronized by Cicero, opinions of, iv. 323. Error
with regard to, 323, note W.

Trebizond, the city of, taken and plundered by the Goths, i. 308. An-
tiquity of, 308, note M. The dukes of, become independent on the
Greek empire, vi. 105, note M. Is yielded to the Turks by David, its
last emperor, 414, 415, notes M.

Tribigad the Ostrogoth, his rebellion in Phrygia against the emperor Ar-
cadius, i 331.

Tribune, the office of, explained, i. 79, 80, note M., 80.

Tribonian, his genius and character, iv. 329. Is employed by Justinian to
reform the code of Roman laws, 330, 331. The Anti-Tribonians, 299,
note W.

Trinity, the mysterious doctrine of, ii. 359. Is violently agitated in the
schools of Alexandria, 309. Three systems of, 315. Decisions of the
council of Nice concerning, 317. Different forms of the doxology, 354.
Frauds used to support the doctrine of, iii. 555.

Tripoli, the confederacy of, cruelly oppressed under the government of
Count Romanus, ii. 569.

Trisagion, religious war concerning, iv. 524.

Troops, Roman, their discipline, i. 11. When they first received pay, 186.
Cause of the difficulty in levying them, ii. 129. See Jovians. Palatines,
and Prætorian bands.

Troy, the situation of that city, and of the Grecian camp of besiegers,
described, ii. 92.

Tudela, Benjamin of, the genuineness of his travels called into doubt, v.
348, note M.

Turin, battle of, between Constantine the Great, and the lieutenants of
Maxentius, i. 477.

Turisund, king of the Gepida, his honorable reception of Alboin the Lom-
bard, who had slain his son in battle, iv. 389, 390.

Turks, their origin, iv. 200, note M. Their primitive institutions, 202
Their conquest, 203, 204. Their alliance with the emperor Justinian, 205.
Send auxiliaries to Heraclius, 477. Grow powerful and licentious under
the Saracens, v. 320. Terror excited by their menacing Europe, 410.
Their military character, 415. They extend themselves over Asia, 499.
Reign of Mahmud the Gaznevide, 499, 500. Their manners and emigra-
tion, 505. They subdue Persia, 507. Dynasty of the Seljukians, 508.
They invade the provinces of the Greek empire, 512. Reformation of
the Eastern calendar, 522. They conqueror Asia Minor, 524. Their
capital city, Nice, taken by the crusaders, 575. The seat of government
removed to Iconium, vi. 3. Valor and conquests of Zenghi, 16. Char-
acter of Sultan Noureddin, 16. Conquest of Egypt, 17. Origin and his-
tory of the Ottomans, 225. Their first passage into Europe, 230. Their
money, the value of the asper, 284, note, and note M. Their education
and discipline, 286. Embassy from, to the emperor Sigismond, 310.
Take the city of Constantinople, 403.

Turpin, archbishop, the romance of, by whom, and when written, v. 541,

note.

Twelve Tables, review of the laws of, iv. 303, note M. Their severity, 370
How the criminal code of, sank into disuse, 373.