have schemed a theory that all production depends on manual strength. This theory ignores the fact that the best part of all work is mental effort and any honest craftsman, whose trade is of sufficient skill so that it requires combined mental and physical work will admit that the mental work is the harder; and neither Samuel Gompers nor William D. Haywood nor any other man can explain the impossible; that physical labor is enough for the world's production and that executive ability and directing skill are not necessary before anything else can be done.

No workman, no matter how hard he works, need be afraid that he is working hardest. There will always be at least one man that will work harder. His employer. There are many reasons why he works harder than any man he hires, but one is enough-he has to. When he stops working, his business will go to pieces, and so wherever he goes, he takes that business with him. It does not matter if he is trying to go to sleep in his comfortable bed in which, by the way, he sleeps no more comfortably than his employe sleeps in his, or whether he is eating, or whether he is on an ocean liner, or at his club, or on the golf links, that business is on his mind just the same. The responsibility is his and he cannot dodge it. On him, and on him alone, rests the responsibility of the business from which both he and his men get their living.

In

And so, Mr. Workingman, do not be induced to be afraid of work. stinctively you like it and you like to do it perfectly well and when it is done. you take pride in it, all of which proves you are a man and want to do your part of the world's work creditably. Do not be fooled by any man who, to make a salary without working, paid by you who do work, tries to impress you that it is not a question of satisfactory work, but of working just as little as you can to get even with your employer.

There is an old gospel hymn which runs: "Work, for the night is coming." Of a truth the night is coming and it is coming before the morning that follows the last sleep. It is the night of failing eyesight and flabby muscles and wasted tissues and deafness and perhaps rheumatism. Men of the world. of manual labor should work before this night closes in; work the best they can, as many hours, consistently with maintaining good health, as they can; make as good wages as possible, educate their children, give their hard working wives a little passing pleasure and some good clothes and buy a little endowment insurance. By industry and not by dreaming of working as little as possible can workingmen be prepared for the evening of life and be ready for a working day of two hours in the home garden as many or as few days a week as they desire. By this means can they be satisfied with themselves in this world, which they have done their part to improve.

Limit to Right of Free Speech

This right-of-free-speech talk is amusing when not serious, and sometimes amusing even when serious.

In the latest issue of another magazine (we will not be mean enough to say which magazine), the assertion was made, with apparent seriousness, that the authorities in San Diego did very wrong to forbid Emma Goldman to speak in that city, after subjecting her manager to rough treatment; and that the public discussion of anarchy was just as much a part of public education as that of Democracy, Republicanism or any other political belief.

If it has come to a pass when any peaceful journal classes anarchistic venom as something that may be used on the public platform on the basis of right of free speech, it may be expected that somebody will rise up and advocate blaspheny on the street corner or public instruction of young children in dishonesty on the same basis. It strikes us that anarchy is lawlessness and

hence treason, and that the people of San Diego did perfectly right in suppressing Emma Goldman, who is a public nuisance and a dangerous person. regietable, of course, that the San Diego people weakened the effect of their stand for law and order by offering violence to the manager.

It is

The same magazine censures the western judge, who took away the citizens' papers of a socialist who said he did not approve the constitution of the United States. About this we are not so strenuous; are indeed disposed to think that jurists ought to allow a tolerably wide latitude of political belief to naturalized citizens or citizens to be naturalized. Any other course is not quite in harmony with the spirit of American institutions. In this particular case, however, the man had taken an oath to support the constitution of the United States. Then he said he did not approve of that constitution. It is not to be wondered that the thought crossed the judge's mind that the man's support of a constitution, of which he disapproved, might be the reverse of cordial.

Haywood Sneers at Patriotism;

Declares It Microbe or "Bug"

Industrial Workers' Organizer Is Interviewed
in Cleveland --- Christian Socialists "Drunk on Re-
ligious Fanaticism" --- Shows His Hatred of Detectives

To study William D. Haywood, the central single figure in the Industrial Workers of the World, at close range was the opportunity of residents of Cleveland, O., who cared to take advantage of it, on Tuesday and Wednesday, July 16 and 17, 1912. Haywood visited that city on those days. He spoke at a Socialist gathering in Luna park, Tuesday evening, and made speeches on the Public Square, Wednesday noon and Wednesday night. In the afternoon of Wednesday he was interviewed by THE AMERICAN EMPLOYER.

Magazines and special newspaper articles have been devoting much space to Haywood of late, describing him as a man of singleness of purpose, determined, forceful, earnest, straightforward and magnetic. He did not impress the writer along exactly those lines. To begin with, in a way, he is cautious. He invites specific acts of rebellion rather by innuendo than by counsel. He is careful, while saying hard things, to say nothing to get himself in trouble. He attacks classes, but spares individuals; yet all that he says is inflaming. He sneers at patriots, yet he says no word directly against any specific officer of the government.

Again, he takes life too comfortably for the real zealot. He stopped, while in Cleveland, at the Colonial, a leading hotel, where he had a room on the second floor. Wednesday was hot. He remained in the hotel until nearly noon and was at ease there again by 4:30 p. m. On the Square, at noon, he made his speech short, though he had a fairly large audience, on the plea that it was too warm to inflict a labor speech on anybody.

In his general talk, Haywood is as sweeping as he is cautious in direct attacks on persons by name. He told one of his audiences that workingmen were "horny headed" sons of toil and that there was no dignity in labor under industrial conditions of the present day. He also told his hearers that he wanted them to hate the capitalistic class.

A

Patriotism, Haywood said, is a "bug". At another time he declared that it is better for a man to be a traitor to his country than to his cause. Christian Socialist, he said, was one who had been "drunk on religious fanaticism and wanted to "sober up on economic truth".

In one of his speeches, Haywood first inveighed against detectives and later, in illustration, said that if a detective should be in the audience and trouble ending in homicide should ensue, he could not be blamed any more than could Ettor and Giovannetti be blamed because the woman at Lawrence, Mass., was killed.

In his interview Haywood sent greeting to the employers and word that

he was for the organization of men. He discussed the Darrow trial in Los Angeles, saying he believed that Darrow would be exonerated.

Those who heard Haywood speak in Cleveland were of necessity much disappointed in his appearance unless they were blinded by their devotion to "the cause". Especially on the Public Square on Wednesday noon, in the full blaze of the noonday sun, his appearance was not prepossessing He is a very large man and evidently believes he looks statesmanlike, for he affects the gloomy black clothing of the stump speaker. He also wore a heavy black felt hat, and, though it was a warm summer day, wore a vest. His tie was green and dirty and he wore it loosely tied and hanging down in two broad flowing ends. His face was clean, but his clothes were dusty. His pictures give the impression of a very dark man, but Haywood is of light coloring, and must in childhood have been quite blonde. His face is rather hard. His physique is pleasing. He is tall and heavy, without being corpulent. There can be no doubt of his oratorical ability. In a plain, direct way he is a fluent talker. There are estimated to have been five thousand persons present at the Socialist meeting in Luna park, but at the noonday Public Square meeting 10 per cent of that number would easily have covered those present.