ested him in the writings of Latin, Greek, French, German and Spanish authors. His command of English was perfect. In conversation and in extempore address he seemed never at a loss for the word best expressing the thought he had in mind. To exactness in speech and in writing he had schooled himself. He was never a rapid writer because of his purpose to produce a finished article. His epistolary correspondence was for the same reason infrequent. In his pursuit of knowledge he gained many valued correspondents both at home and abroad. His chirography was as clear as his thought, and the last word of a friendly letter was as faultlessly

formed as the first.

Dr. Hammond as a teacher and inspirer of youth was at his best. His influence is universally conceded by those who were fortunate enough to be under his instruction. The sentiment of all is expressed in a few extracts taken from letters. An appreciative letter was written to the Iowa Capital, published at Des Moines, by Hon. E. P. Seeds, of the Supreme Bench of New Mexico, in which he says:

"Chancellor Hammond impressed his personality upon the school directly in his administration of its affairs and in his lectures upon various topics of the law and indirectly by the interest which he aroused in the students for the philosophy of law in contradistinction to its practical application. He was not a practical lawyer, but he was far from being a mere theorist. He possessed in a high degree the genius for thorough teaching, for such character of instruction as brought out the best in the student. Those students who listened to and apprehended his lectures upon the Common Law, must, in after life, in the practice of their profession, have felt the inspiration then given to work laboriously, not for that which floats upon the surface of the law, but for those underlying principles which, in the long run, justify to the world the power and righteousness of positive law. I think that it is not too high praise to say that the Iowa Law School, when he was at the head of it, was Dr. Hammond. Such a character ought not to be forgotten by the State which he has honored, and I, therefore, suggest that the Regents of the University take some practical steps to found a permanent memorial to his honor in the school."

Hon. W. W. Baldwin, of Burlington, writes:

“Dr. Hammond was a man I sincerely loved and for whom I had the very highest respect. His portrait has been for years on the wall of my office, where I see it every day. His life was devoted to a noble work in a noble way."

J. L. Carney, of Marshalltown, writes:

"Dr. Hammond was one of the finest gentlemen I ever knew, highly respected and beloved by me as by his pupils generally. I always remember him with a very great deal of pleasure."

A writer in the Green Bag published in Boston, says:

"Dr. Hammond was one of the leaders in legal education in the United States from the time of his taking charge of the Law Department of the University of the State of Iowa until his death. His labors in connection with the committee on legal education in the American Bar Association, are well known to law educators.

His lectures on the history of the Common Law, about thirty in number, were planned and to some extent written while he was serving as Chancellor of the Law Department of the State University of Iowa. He was preeminently the authority in this country on that subject, and his lectures if published would be of the highest and most permanent value. His loss will be sorely felt by all his old students, between whom and himself there existed the warmest friendship. It will be felt in the profession who have learned to know him through his writings. It will be felt in the world of letters in that the author and man of eminent scholarship is no more."

The following tribute is from the man more intimately acquainted with Dr. Hammond than any other man in Iowa. Judge Wright was his associate in the Law Department of the State University, from its organization until his removal to St. Louis:

DES MOINES, Iowa, May 29, 1894. MY DEAR DOCTOR:-- You ask a brief estimate of my long time and esteemed friend, Chancellor William G. Hammond.

I knew him as a lawyer before and after his connection with the law school. In 1865, Judge Cole and myself, as you know, started a school at Des Moines, which, in 1868, was transferred to the State University, and which was indeed the beginning of the present very successful Law Department. By reason of our judicial engagements we looked for someone who could give his time almost exclusively to the work of instruction, and prevailed upon the after Chancellor, who was just then about to settle in Des Moines, to take the place. After that and until 1881 when he severed his connection with the Department - I knew him quite intimately, and came to appreciate more and more his almost unequalled aptitude as a lecturer and teacher.

The Chancellor was a student of the law. As a practitioner in the struggles incident to the trial table in our nisi prius courts he never would have had marked success. In argument on legal propositions, however, in the highest courts he would and did always command respect. For he was a profound thinker, a most ready and entertaining writer, and as a talker

either before the court, law class, or as a lecturer upon the law, and especially its history and science,- the most interesting. He thought, however better behind his pen than on his feet, before the highest courts, than a jury. Timid and distrustful of himself, he needed, for appreciation, in his own estimate, the learned and attentive tribunal rather than a mixed audience, or, if I may so speak, the "rough and tumble" contest of a trial in the average western court.

As a teacher and lecturer he was equalled by few. This grew out of his thorough prior preparation, his continued careful study of the law --its philosophy and history --as well as his love of the work, and his devotion to young men, and a constant desire to start and train them for the profession of his choice, a profession which he regarded as intimately connected with the upbuilding and safety of the State and Nation.

He was as guileless as he was learned. Of the arts and machinations of the outside world, he knew but little. A good law book had more charms for him than a good bargain. He thought more of books and of mastering the great work before him than of money. I don't think he was a money getter or a money saver; but he was a devoted husband and father, loved his country, his home and his chosen work, was an honest and true man, an able lawyer and successful teacher; and his loss to the State and our institutions no one can estimate. It is eminently due to his memory, therefore, that the proposed “bronze bust” should be procured by the graduates of the school and placed in its library as soon as possible.

Yours most respectfully,

GEO. G. WRIGHT.

THE MONITOR AND THE MERRIMAC.

MRS. ISADORE BAKER.

HE triumph of the Merrimac 'twas known on land and sea,
And the forces of the Union held in balance tremblingly,

For our naval guard of honor, the Cumberland so brave,

Had been wrecked in open combat and lost beneath the wave: While the martyr frigate Congress reddened wide the lurid night, With the flame of blood and conquest, the victory of might.

The St. Lawrence, Minnesota and Roanoke, aground,
The Merrimac fast anchored by Craney Island sound,

In harbor, waiting warily, impatiently, the fray;

No hope but in God's mercy for the Union troops at day.

But athwart the midnight blackness there gleams a steadfast star;
'Tis the battery of rescue, the Monitor afar;

'Tis the cheese-box on the raft, that the rebels laughed to scorn,
It, too, is waiting, warily, impatiently, the morn.

Dawned that cloudless Sunday morning in majesty serene,
Around, the heaven of nature smiled upon the glowing scene,
But the hearts of men were anguished for the conflict, Southern-won,
By the taking of this fortress, were a gate to Washington!

At nine o'clock, the Merrimac, with consorts moving slow,
Opened with iron broadsides the siege of Fort Monroe.

'Twere but sport these wooden gun-boats --how the splinters fly abaft!
From the dauntless Minnesota, quick disabled, fore and aft.

But the iron turret answers deep as roar of rending rock,

And the vaunted Gibraltar reels, recoils, beneath the shock.
Can it be that Yankee cheese-box is a demon in disguise,
With those cursed guns whose echo seems to vault the very skies?

Never Greek hurled Greek in contest more Olympiac defiance:
'Twas a test of skill and valor and the mastery of science.

Hours raged that mighty duel lurid duel by the sea,
And the Union cause no longer held in balance tremblingly,
For the haughty wounded Merrimac, sore-smitten by defeat,
Bore away across the waters with her signal of retreat;
And 'tis well that song and story should embalm this victory,
For the record of their glory is immortal history.

THE EASTERN BORDER OF IOWA IN 1805-6.

BY REV. WILLIAM SALTER, D.D., BURLINGTON, Iowa.

EBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE, the first to conduct an expedition up the Mississippi river to its sources by order of the Government of the United States, was a native of Trenton, New Jersey, where he was born January 5th, 1779. His father served in the army of the Revolution, and was Captain of U. S. Infantry in 1792, and was promoted to the rank of Major in 1800. At the age of twenty

the son received a commission as an ensign, and at the age of twenty-one he was promoted to be 1st Lieutenant U. S. Infantry. At the age of twenty-six he was designated by General James Wilkinson, then commanding at St. Louis, to conduct an expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, under instructions to take the course of the river, calculate distances by time, note rivers, highlands, islands, rapids, mines, quarries, timber. Indian villages, with reflections on the winds and weather, to conciliate the Indians and attach them to the United States, to ascertain the population and residence of the several Indian nations, and the quantity and species of skins and furs they barter per annum, and their relative price to goods, the tracts of country on which they make their hunts and the people with whom they trade, and to examine strictly for an intermediate point between St. Louis and Prairie du Chien, suitable for a military post, and also on the Wisconsin near its mouth for a similar establishment."

Lieutenant Pike sailed from St. Louis on this expedition on the 9th August, 1805, with Serjeant Henry Kennerman, Corporals William E. Meek and Samuel Bradley, and seventeen privates, in a keel boat seventy feet long, provisioned for four months. After a series of rainy weather for the first six days, which damaged all their biscuit, and getting fast twice on sawyers or sunken trees, which compelled them partially to unload, and at another time staving in a plank on a sawyer which nearly sunk the boat, they reached the mouth of Des Moines river on the 20th of August, at an estimated distance of 243 miles from St. Louis. The following extracts are from Lieutenant Pike's journal, and from his letters to General Wilkinson, which were published in Philadelphia, 1810.

Tuesday, August 20, 1805. Arrived at the foot of the Rapids De Moyen at 7 o'clock; and, although no soul on board had passed them, we commenced ascending them immediately. Our boat being large and moderately loaded, we found great difficulty. The river all the way through is from 34 to a mile wide. The rapids are eleven miles long, with successive ridges and shoals extending from shore to shore. The first has the greatest fall, and is the most difficult to ascend. The channel (a bad one) is on the