If anything further were wanting to show that an elevation of the land is now going on in this region we have some direct personal evidence in the lifetime of the witness himself in support of the facts already cited. About twenty years ago a very aged Indian, who was said to have "seen more than a hundred winters," and who was quietly passing the last years of his extraordinarily long life at Norway House, told me in presence of the factor, Mr. Roderick Ross, and the other gentlemen of that establishment that he had, when a boy, witnessed the landing of Lepeyrouse and the destruction of Fort Prince of Wales. He gave graphic details of every circumstance, which agreed perfectly with Lepeyrouse's own account, and he answered all my questions on other points entirely satisfactorily and without a moment's hesitation. Among other things, he mentioned that the spot where the Frenchmen's boats landed was quite close to that portion of the western wall which they undermined and blew up with gunpowder. He said that when all was ready they laid a "rope" (train) of gunpowder across the beach and, setting fire to the end of it, ran off to a safe distance to witness the effect. It is now a considerable distance from this spot to the nearest point of water at high tide. The proofs of the rising of the land around Hudson Bay in postglacial times would be admitted by any geologist, and the question of the continuance of the movement at the present time is, I think, answered in the affirmative by the actual general shoaling of the water which is going on, and the encroachment of the land on all sides, some proofs of which have been given in the foregoing pages. All the facts which have been mentioned (and many more might be added) point in the same direction, while there appears to be no evidence of a contrary character. The officers of the Hudson Bay Company are an intelligent set of men, and their universal opinion, based upon lifetimes of observation, is that the land all around the bay is rising. The following is part of a letter recently received from Mr. Joseph Fortescue, lately a chief factor in the Hudson Bay Company, in answer to my request for his opinion on this subject: "Regarding the rising of the shores of Hudson Bay I have no doubt whatever. When I was at York Factory I heard several Indians say that the sea or tide had retired 2 miles from places they remembered when they were young, and my own observations during twenty years there would lead me to entertain the same opinion. When I revisited Moose Factory, after nearly forty years' absence, I found a great change in the appearance of the coast and river. Channels which were navigable at all times of the tide formerly could now only be used at high water." CRATER LAKE, OREGON.1 By J. S. DILLER, United States Geological Survey. Of lakes in the United States there are many and in great variety, but of crater lakes there is but one of great importance. Crater lakes are lakes which occupy the craters of volcanoes or pits (calderas) of volcanic origin. They are most abundant in Italy and Central America, regions in which volcanoes are still active; and they occur also in France, Germany, India, Hawaii, and other parts of the world where volcanism has played an important rôle in its geologic history. The one in the United States belongs to the great volcanic field of the northwest, but it occurs in so secluded a spot among high mountains that it is almost unknown to tourists and men of science who are especially interested in such natural wonders. Crater Lake of southern Oregon lies in the very heart of the Cascade Range, and, while it is especially attractive to the geologist on account of its remarkable geologic history, it is equally inviting to the tourist and others in search of health and pleasure by communion with the beautiful and sublime in nature. According to W. G. Steel the lake was first seen by white men in 1853. It had long previously been known to the Indians, whose legends have contributed a name, Llao Rock, to one of the prominences of its rim. They regarded the lake with awe as an abode of the Great Spirit. Prospectors were the earliest explorers of the lake. The first travelers of note who visited the lake were Lord Maxwell and Mr. Bentley, who, in 1872, with Capt. O. C. Applegate, of Modoc war fame, and three others, made a boat trip along its borders and named several of the prominences on the rim after members of the party. Mrs. F. F. Published by permission of the Director of the United States Geological Survey. Reprinted from the National Geographic Magazine, February, 1897, Vol. VIII, pages 33-48. 2 The Mountains of Oregon, by W. G. Steel, 1890, page 13. 3The Discovery and Early History of Crater Lake, by M. W. Gorman, Mazama, Vol. I, No. 2, Crater Lake Number, 1897, pages 159. This number contains much valuable information concerning Crater Lake in addition to that referred to. 4 The names Watchman, Glacier, Llao, and Vidae, which appear on the map of the lake, have recently been adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. SM 97. -24 369 the lake in ISTA and bredy describes it in The same That Mr. S. A. Clarke gave an i MYMALI” để 126 läär in the December number of the Overland De 18 General Survery party visited the lake in 18 Feet Famond and the water, after spe: ding several days it - 1 zanded vgs cher the clifs to the water's edg Sem Foschee viti ziges 2 make a raft, and paddled ove N24 1188, nôe the directive of Capt. now Maj.) C. E. SABETES, A the list were made by W. G. Steel, and I 灣 ་་ TOLD I WAS prepared by Mark B. Kerr and Dund was the first to discover the more uo The poligonal story of the lake, of which I pea, al all too brief account.? at the – Maramas," a society of a zece extended study of the la **** I-I ̃ parties from the Department of Song and the Geological Survey. et a tie szuit of the Cascade Range. ca e As yet it may be reache THE SQUAT NO es of mountain roads GM Ele the Southern Pacific Railroa a ef of southern Oregon see fig. 1). This v the Kanarà Montains of the Coast Rang ve the east. The journey from good opportunity to observe sou Matassia tis great pile of lavas. The Cas 11 Deca sa brand irregular platform, terminat domes 2001 tas le rders, especially to the westwa as and Tertiary sediments come to 25 vestx cozes and conlees, which auntimes noch and ragged. The cones va buted without regularity. Each has be nents bi, wa waz by violent eruption ha kete mom which they issued and built et lasers lame seal streams of lava (coulees a the acity between the cones. From son NAL ENG SVE and effusive, large cones, lik Liv beer bult SA Were we to examine thei 1 the walls of the canyons carved in thei bem o oposed of overlapping layers of lava and ater rich is well illustrated in the rim |