XXIX. 1832. Nov. 6. the Princess's place of retreat, Deutz solicited and ob- CHAP. tained a second interview, which was fixed for the 6th November. Of this place of meeting he informed the 54. police; and to enhance the value of his treachery, he en- Her arrest. deavoured, though without effect, to persuade Marshal Bourmont to accompany him, in order that they might both be taken at once. The Princess, however, came, and immediately after the house was surrounded by troops, and the police officers, with pistols in their hands, entered it. Her royal highness had only time to take refuge with Mdlles. de Korsabice, Mesnard, and Guebourg, in a little space formed behind her apartment, in the angle between two walls, the entrance of which was behind the chimney-piece. The police searched the house in the most rigorous manner in vain ; but meanwhile the Princess was undergoing the most excruciating suffering. So small was their place of refuge, that she and her three attendants were obliged alternately to put their mouth to a little aperture, three inches across, which was the sole communication with the external air. To add to their sufferings, the gendarmes in the room lighted, on the approach of night, a fire in the grate, which converted the space behind into a burning oven. At length, after enduring tortures for sixteen hours, the sufferings of the prisoners became so great that they were obliged to come out and deliver themselves up. "Gentlemen," said the Princess, 1 L. Blanc, as she emerged from her place of concealment, "you have iii. 584,587; made war on me à la St Laurent. I have nothing to xiv. 221; Cap. vi. 382, reproach myself with: I have only discharged the duty 385. of a mother to regain the inheritance of her son." 1* Ann. Hist. sonment in The Princess was treated by General Dermoncourt 55. with the respect and courtesy due to her rank, and con- Her impriducted a prisoner to the castle of Nantes. From thence the chateau she was embarked two days afterwards, attended by her faithful ladies, with no other effects than what she could carry in her handkerchief, on board a brig, and conducted Alluding to the martyrdom of St Laurent by being roasted on a gridiron. * Nov. 8. XXIX. 1832. CHAP. to the castle of Blaye, where she was guarded, like Queen Mary in Lochleven or Fotheringay, with the most jealous care, and where, like her immortal predecessor, she bore a prolonged and tedious captivity with cheerfulness and gaiety. The dénouement, however, of the drama, if less tragic, was more withering than that of the Scottish heroine. Unhappily, the Princess, with all the courage and chivalry of the heroic character, possessed also the ardour and insouciance which is so often its accompaniment. She had all the intrepidity of Clorinda, but unfortunately she had also, with the charms, the facility of Armida. It was known to the government of Louis Philippe that at this time she was enceinte, and with cold and calculating prudence they calmly awaited till time brought about its natural result. After an imprisonment of some months, she herself announced her pregnancy to the Cabinet of the Tuileries. The utmost pains were immediately taken to give her every assistance which her situation required, and on the 10th May she was safely delivered of a daughter, who was declared to be the issue of the Princess and Count Hector Lucchese-Palli, Count of CampoFranco, one of the gentlemen of the bed-chamber of the King of the Two Sicilies. The object of the Government was now gained; the Princess was discredited; her followers were in despair. The romance had terminated in ridicule, and she was permitted by the Government with her infant quietly to return to Italy.1 Feb. 22, 1833. May 10. 56. Extreme discontent and demo Long before this dénouement of the romantic drama in La Vendée occurred, a great democratic movement had taken place in the capital, and Paris had been the theatre cratic move- of conflicts so determined and bloody as to throw those which overturned Charles X. into the shade. The Republican party there had long been in a state of the ment in Paris. May 1831. * "Poussée par les circonstances et par les mesures ordonnées par les Gouvernements, quoique j'eusse les motifs les plus graves pour tenir mon mariage secret, je crois devoir à moi-même ainsi qu'à mes enfans de déclarer m'être mariée secrètement pendant mon séjour en Italie.-MARIE CAROLINE. 22d Feb. 1833."-CAPEFIGUE, vii. 69, note. XXIX. 1832. utmost discontent, in consequence of the entire failure of CHAP. their hopes from the results of the Revolution of July, and the clear evidence which was now afforded that they had only revolted to fix chains about their necks incomparably heavier, and more irremovable, than those which were around them under the former government of Polignac and his priests. The extreme suffering which had long prevailed, especially among the working classes, from the dreadful shock to credit and vast diminution of consumption which had resulted from that convulsion, had inclined nearly the whole of them to the same sentiments, and the democratic press was unanimous in ascribing the whole to the tyrannical Government of Louis Philippe, and its departure from the principles of the Government of July. So far did the agitation proceed, that a meeting of all the Opposition was held at Lafitte's, at which it was agreed to make an appeal to the nation-in other words, commence an insurrection; and a committee was appointed, consisting of M. de Lafayette, M. Odillon Barrot, M. Mauguin, and other liberal deputies, to draw up an address to the nation. But before it could be prepared, or the requisite organisation made for effecting a general insurrection, an event took place which brought on the crisis, and precipitated matters sooner than the 'Ann. Hist. leaders of the movement had intended. This was the Cap. vi. 192; death of General Lamarque, which took place at Paris iii. 288, 289. on the 1st June, at the age of sixty years. 1 xv. 189; L. Blanc, General June 1-5. Though one of the generals of the Empire, this re- 57. spectable veteran was not so much distinguished by his Death of exploits in the field as by the celebrity he had acquired Lamarque. since the Restoration by his eloquence on the popular side in the tribune. In consequence of this circumstance, Napoleon, who prized that weapon as much when wielded on his side in adversity, as he detested it when directed against him in prosperity, had recommended him on his death-bed at St Helena for a Marshal of France. Those implicated in the Hundred Days had found in him a zealous XXIX. 1832. June 3. CHAP. protector, a faithful friend; his efforts in behalf of the Poles had endeared him to every one of that ardent and chivalrous race; and the whole democratic party looked up to him as their guardian and future leader, when the final contest should commence. The bourgeois party had made a grand display on occasion of the funeral of M. Casimir Périer, and the Revolutionists resolved on a counter display on so heart-stirring an event as the obsequies of General Lamarque. The violent leaders were induced to make arrangements for rendering it the commencement of an insurrection, by the decree which appeared three days after in the columns of the Moniteur, declaring the four western departments in a state of siege. This extreme measure, always unpopular in France, made the Revolutionists regard the disturbances in La Vendée as much more serious than they really were, and conclude, not without reason, that they should not let slip the present opportunity, never likely to recur, when a formidable Royalist insurrection in the western provinces might be combined with a great democratic movement in the capital. Orders were therefore given by all the popular committees for an immense assemblage of people for the funeral, which 1 L. Blane, was fixed for the 5th June; and preparations were seiii. 289,291; cretly made, by the distribution of arms and ammunition 193; Ann. to the persons who could be trusted, for making it the commencement of a general insurrection against the Government.1 Cap. vi. 190, Hist. xv. 187, 189. 58. and com of the insurrection. June 5. The funeral procession was to set out from the house His funeral, in the Rue St Honoré, where the deceased had died, and mencement proceed by the Madeleine and the Chateau d'Eau to the Place of the Bastile, in its way to the place of sepulture in the south of France. Immense preparations had been made to give it all the solemnity and magnificence possible, and calculated in every way to affect the imagination of the people. A splendid car was prepared, on which the body was to be placed, and numerous deputations from all the public bodies in Paris were to follow 1832. the vehicle. At their head was a large part of the CHAP. Chamber of Deputies, headed by Marshal Clausel, Gene- XXIX. ral Lafayette, M. Lafitte, and M. Mauguin, who bore the four corners of the pall. The car was covered with tricolor flags and immortelles. Nearly the whole of the popular societies, Les Amis du Peuple, La Société des Droits de l'Homme, La Société Gauloise, and La Organisation des Municipalités, came next. From daybreak an immense crowd collected all along the Rue St Honoré, in the Place Louis XV., and the whole way along the boulevards, where the procession was to pass, in which, in addition to the numerous and sturdy Republicans of Paris, were to be seen great numbers of ardent refugees of all nations. Among them the Poles were particularly conspicuous, by their number, daring look, and the interest which they excited among the bystanders. Banners of various devices, but all of the most decided revolutionary tendency, floated over the crowd in all directions; and from the anxiety manifest in all visages, and the eager conferences which were going on in the agitated groups in every quarter, it was evident that a great design was in iii. 291,294; Cap. vi. 196, contemplation, and that the huge multitude had not as- 199; Ann. sembled merely to do honour to the dead, but with some 189, 190. dark designs against the living.1 1 L. Blanc, Hist. xv. 59. tions of the ment. Aware of the danger which menaced them, the Government had made preparations on the greatest scale to Preparameet it. There was none of the infatuation and insouci- Governance with which Prince Polignac and the priests had met the revolt of July. 18,000 infantry of the line, 4000 cavalry, and 2000 municipal guards were in Paris itself, with 80 pieces of cannon, ready equipped. In addition to these forces, there were 30,000 regular troops in the environs of the capital, who might be called in at a moment's notice, and the Government could rely on the support of at least 6000 of the national guard, chiefly from the banlieue or environs of the capital. Those of Paris were for the most part not relied on, as their known disposition |