In the anecdotes of Lewis XIV. the Author prefents his Rea der with fome pieces written by that Monarch. The fol lowing are part of the inftructions which he delivered to his grandfon, Philip V. upon his departure for Spain. They were penned in hafte (as we are told) and with a negligence which difcovers the genius and difpofition of a Writer much better than studied compofitions would have done. In these we behold both the Father and the King. "Love the Spaniards, and all other subjects of your crown, "and fervants of your perfon. Prefer not those who flatter you "moft; efteem fuch as hazard your difpleasure by pursuing "what is right: fuch are your friends in reality. "Endeavour to be yourself the happiness of your fubjects " and, for this reason, make war only when you are forced to "it; after having well confidered and weighed with your coun"cil the motives which render it neceflary. "Endeavour to put your finances into good order. Let the "Indies and your fleets be your chief concern. Keep commerce "in your thoughts. Still maintain the ftricteft union with "France: what can be more advantageous to the intereft of "both kingdoms than an union which nothing will be able "to refift?* "If you are conftrained to make war, command your armies < in perfon. "Endeavour to reinftate your troops in all quarters, but be "gin with those of Flanders. "Never leave bufinefs for pleasure; but portion out fet times "for amusement as well as labour. "There are few pleasures more innocent than bunting, or "that of an agreeable country-house: provided neither be too "expensive. "Give great attention to those who addrefs you upon bufi"nefs, and be very flow in deciding at the beginning. "When you have received proper information, be mindful "that it is you yourself who are to decide; however, though "you are never fo well experienced, always hear the arguments "and advice of your council before you determine. Do all that lies in your power to find out thofe of the "greatest merit, that you may be well-ferved in all exigencies. * It seems, however, he was deceived in this particular. REVIEW, Aug. 1757. "En "Endeavour to have your Governors and Viceroys always "natives of Spain. "Ufe good manners to all the world. Never fay any thing "difpleafing to any perfon whatfoever; yet pay peculiar dif"tinctions to rank and merit. "Teftify your gratitude to the late King, and to all those "who advised the making you his fucceffor. "Repofe great confidence in Cardinal Porto-Carero, and "let him fee the pleasure his paft conduct has afforded you. "I think fomething confiderable fhould be done for the Ambafiador who firft demanded you, and paid his homage as a «fubject. "Forget not Bedmar: he has merit, and is capable of doing you fervice. "Place entire confidence in the Duke de Harcourt; he has "capacity, and he has honefty; all his advice will be intended ❝ for your good. "Keep all the French within bounds. "Ufe all your domeftics well, but never indulge them in too "many familiarities, nor ever depend too much upon them. "As long as they behave prudently, employ them, but for the "moft trifling fault difcharge them; and never take their part "against the Spaniards. "Keep no correfpondence with the Queen-Dowager, but "fuch as cannot be difpenfed with. Oblige her to leave Ma"drid, but do not permit her to go out of Spain. Wherever "the refides, obferve her conduct, and endeavour to prevent "her interfering in bufinefs; and fuch as maintain a clofe cor"refpondence with her, are to be fufpected. "Ever love your relations. Still remember the pain which "they felt at your departure. Preferve a correfpondence with them in trifles, as well as in things of more importance. Afk "from us whatever you think proper, with which you cannot "be fupplied in the country to which you go. We shall use the "fame liberties with you. Never forget that you are a Frenchman, and be ever, on your guard againft contingencies. When you have an aflu"rance of the fucceffion. of Spain for your children, vifit your kingdoms, go to Naples, to Sicily, to Milan, and to Flanders; thus you will have an opportunity of feeing us : 66 you you may vifit in the mean time Catalonia, Arragon, and other parts of Spain. See what is to be done with refpect to Ceuta. "Throw fome money among the populace upon your arrival in Spain, particularly on your entry into Madrid." "Do not appear in the leaft difgufted at the extraordinary figures you will find among your fubjects. Offer not to ridicule them, though they feem ever fo abfurd. Every country has its peculiar fafhions; you will foon be familiarized to what at first appears monftrous. "Avoid, as much as poffible, the doing thofe a favour who "endeavour to obtain it by a bribe. On proper occafions dif* pense your favours liberally, but receive no presents from "others, or at least only trifles. If at any time you cannot "well avoid the acceptance, after a few days have intervened, "make more than an equivalent return. Referve a particular cabinet for fuch things as you would "keep fecret from others; of which yourself must carry the key. "I fhall conclude with the most important part of my ad«vice. Suffer yourself not to be governed. Aflume the King; "never keep a favourite, or a Prime Minifter. Liften to, con"fult with, your Privy Council; but let none but yourfelf de"termine. God, who has made you a King, will alfo give you fuch lights as are requifite for government, while your "intentions preferve their integrity." Mr. Voltaire has made feveral additions to his Memoirs of the French Writers; for instance, thofe of the great Montes quieu appeared not in the former editions. Charles Montefquieu, Prefident of the Parliament of Bourdeaux, born in 1689, publifhed, at the age of thirty-two, his Perfian Letters, a work of humour, abounding with ftrokes which teftify a genius above the performance. It is written in imitation of the Siamefe Letters of Du Freny, and of the Turkish Spy; but it is an imitation which fhews what the originals fhould have been. The fuccefs their works met with was, for the most part, owing to the foreign air of their performances; the success of the Perfian Letters arofe from the delicacy of their fatire. That fatire which in the mouth of an Afiatic is poignant, would lose all its force when coming from an European. The genius which appeared in this performance, opened to Mr. Montesquieu, the gates of the French academy, even though it had been reflected upon by him. Yet at the fame time, the liberty which he took in fpeaking of government, and the abufes of religion, induced Cardinal de Fleury to exclude him from the intended honour. M 2 How new However, the Author took very politic meafures for reconciling this Minister to his interests. He publifhed a edition of this work; in which he retrenched, or foftened, all that could be cenfured by that great man, either as Cardinal or Minifter. The Author carried the book, thus altered, to the Cardinal; who, though he feldom read, looked over part of the performance. The air of confidence which appeared in the Author upon prefenting it, together with the inftances of fome perfons of credit in his favour, reconciled the Cardinal; and Montefquieu was admitted into the academy. After this he published his treatise on the grandeur and decline of the Romans, a fubject which, though trite, he rendered new, by fine reflection, and exquifite colouring; it may be looked upon as a political hiftory of the Roman empire. His laft publication was that of, The Spirit of Laws. N. B. Our Readers will find a much fuller account of Baron Montefquieu, and his writings, in the Review for February, 1756; in which is given a translation of M. Maupertuis's Eloge on this great Man. The feven volumes of Voltaire's works, which are the fubject of the preceding article, may be had of Mr. Vaillant in the Strand. Practical Reflections on the Ufes and Abuses of Bath Waters, made from actual experiments and Obfervations. By William Baylies, M. D. 8vo. 4 s. Millar. D R. Baylies adopts the chymical analysis of the Bath-waters by Dr. Lucas, who is faid to have made it appear, that the long-received notions of their being fulphureous, nitrous, faponaceous, and alkaline, are entirely groundless:' and that, on the contrary, they are enriched with a mild, volatile, vitriolic, acid fpirit, united with a fubtle, penetrating, neutral falt, and a mixture of fea-falt, iron, and earth.' From hence our Author demands whether (as the Bath-waters are a compound medicine, the feveral ingredients of which may, in fome conftitutions, refift the efficacy of each other, and, in different patients, often produce different effects, fo as to render fome coftive, and purge others) it is not the bufinefs of the physician to increase or leffen each of the ingredients which is feparable from the waters, as the cafe may require? and not to order a crowd of other medicines to be taken with the waters, or • fuch fuch a fmall quantity of them [the waters] as can anfwer noman❝ner of good purpofe? For inftance, in fuch cafes as require more of the fixed faline parts than is contained in fuch a quantity of water as a fick ftomach will bear; it cannot be irrational to ⚫ have these falts feparated from the waters, and a folution of them in a small quantity of the fame waters, occafionally added to each ⚫ particular dofe at the fountain-head; as by that means they, ' in particular cafes, may not only be made agreeable to the ' ftomachs of the fick, but every good be obtained, which the separate ingredients of the waters, or the waters themselves, in their natural ftate, could in fuch cafes produce,' From hence our Author proceeds to confider, feparately, the qualities and ufes of the respective ingredients affigned to the compofition of Bath-waters. And first he observes, that as every fubacid folution of iron is of a ftyptic or aftringent nature, and as the Bath-waters contain a folution of iron in a volatile vitriolic acid, it must confequently be prejudicial in coughs, inflam mations, and hectic conftitutions; but this acid being volatile, it will entirely exhale, by the waters being kept a few hours after they are taken from the fpring, or if they are made warmer than they naturally are, by the affiftance of fire: by which means the waters may be rendered a good medicine in those very complaints in which they before would have been hurtful, and may be as useful at a distance, as at the fountain-head. The Doctor next endeavours to prove, that various falts, however they may agree in their fenfible qualities, frequently differ in their medicinal effects. Nor is he fingular in this fentiment. Writers, with whom our Author does not claim any acquaintance, were long ago of the fame opinion. The deduction from this hypothefis is, that the neutral falts of the Bathwaters being poffeffed of peculiar properties, that cannot be anfwered by the fubftitution of any other neutral falt, in cafes where a greater quantity of this falt than the waters naturally contain, is indicated, the Bath-falt, and no other, ought to be employed. But would it not have been proper to have informed us, what were the peculiarities of the Bath-falt? Plaufible as his reafonings, on this point, may appear upon paper, it is apprehended that fome inconveniences will attend their being carried into practice; particularly if, as Dr. Lucas afferts, a pint of Bath-water does not contain quite four grains of this neutral falt. If this be the cafe, the trouble and coft of procuring a fufficient quantity to fupply the many calls that may happen for it, will render it fo expenfive as greatly to obftruct its general use. We may add, that till the particular efSee Review, Vol. XIV. p. 2c7. M 3 * fects |