tivenefs prevails, though the medicine generally has the oppofite ⚫ effect, this circumftance must be particularly attended to.-In fome full or fanguine conftitutions, a purge, and the lofs of fome blood, may be neceffary before the infufion is given.'

A fhort account of the feveral purposes to which the different fpecies of nightshade have been heretofore applied, is subjoined; but having already allowed more room to this than we ufually do to performances of the fame fize and prize, we apprehend no apology to be neceffary for difmiffing the obfervations on this head, with only doing a piece of juftice to one of our own countrymen. It is here remark ed, from Beyerstein, that the efficacy of the Dulcamara, or woody nightfhade, in purifying the blood, was unknown till Linnæus made ufe of the ftalks. Now it is certain, that the industrious Dr. Fuller *, fifty years ago recommended the fame medicine for the fame purpose. He directs four ounces of the green twigs of this plant (cut like farfaparilla) to be infufed hot and close all night in a quart of white wine, and fix ounces to be taken twice, or four ounces thrice, a day. It is, fays he, a fingular experiment in a contufion, for it diffolves extravafated clots of gore after a marvellous manner, drives it again into the circulating mass of blood, and there, partly by diaphorefis, partly by diurefis, and fometimes by purging, throws it out of the body. It operates fo powerfully, and fpecifically, that upon the ufe of it, I have fometimes, not without aftonishment, observed ⚫ black urine, which I fuppofed was made fo by clots of blood diffolved, abforbed, and mixed in with the ferum.'

Upon the whole, we must be of opinion, that exclufive of the poffible advantages the public may reafonably expect from the adoption of this medicine, the profeffion are under particular obligations to Mr. Gataker, for thus endeavouring to rescue it from becoming another refort of Empiricifm.

See the traumatic infufion in his Pharmacopeia Extemporanea.

SERMONS fince our laft Lift in the Review for April. 1. UNION. Preached at the Cathedral, Wells, Feb. 20, 1757, on account of the late Faft. By Francis Potter, M. A. Rector of Weft-Camel, and Prebendary of Wells. 8vo. 6d. Rivington.

2. The Gospel not abfurd, not contrary to juftice, nor licentious preached April 13, 1557, in Great Eaft-cheap, to the Society who fupport the Wednesday Evening Lecture in that place. By John Brine. 8vo. 6d. Ward.

3. At Monk's-Kirby, Warwickshire, Feb. 11, 1757. By James Ancell, Curate. 8vo. 6d. Baldwin.

4. The Duty of Fafling, with its appendages, confidered,-at St. Pe ter in the Eaft, Oxon, Feb. 11, 1757. By James Snowden, D. D. Fellow of Merton College, and Minister of the faid parish. 8vo. 6d. Rivington and Fletcher.

5. Before the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's, April 28, 1757. By Glocefter Ridley, L. L. B. Minifter of Poplar. To which is annexed, a lift of the collections for this charity, from 1721. 4to. 6d. Whiston.

THE

MONTHLY REVIEW,

For AUGUST, 1757.

A Methodical Synopfis of Mineral Waters, comprehending the most celebrated Medicinal Waters, both cold and hot, of Great-Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, and Italy, and feveral other Parts of the World. Wherein their feveral impregnating Minerals being previously defcribed, and their Characteristics inveftigated, each Water is reduced to its proper Genus; and befides the particular Analyfis, the Virtues, Ufes, and Abuses of the Waters are defcribed in a Method entirely new. Interfperfed with Tables, tending to throw a Light upon this intricate Subject; and Abstracts of the principal Authors who have treated of Mineral Waters; and the Accounts difperfed in the Acts of most of the learned Societies in Europe, are collected and properly digefted. By John Rutty, M. D. 4to. 11. 15. Johnston.

HIS work, which, at least, manifefts its Author's affi

T duity and perfeverance, is infcribed to Dr.Peter Shaw, Dr.

Stephen Hales, and Dr. Thomas Short, as competent Judges of its merit. The general candour and abilities of these Gentlemen will hardly be called in question; but perhaps the more severe Critic may object to the fitnefs of their paffing fentence on a performance in which themfelves are declared to be Coadju tors. As to ourselves (tho' not willing to fuppofe that Dr. Rutty expected, or intended, by this address, to preclude or anticipate the opinion of every one upon his performance, except the particu lars to whom he has thus made his appeal) let it fuffice that we REV. Aug. 1757.

H

lay.

lay before our Readers, in the Doctor's own words, his profeffed plan of operation, during this long campaign.

In this investigation,' fays he, I have endeavoured, out of the great number of experiments that have been made, to felect a certain fet of the moft ufeful and effential, being contained in the Queries to be hereafter mentioned, and to fubject the feveral Waters, and their folid contents, to the fame experiments, to note the refult, and from the fimilar fenfible qualities and congruous appearances uniformly arising upon their mixture with the fame bodies, each-Water is reduced to its proper denomination and genus; in order to which, it feemed to be fufficient to have regard to the predominating Minerals only; for tho' there is fcarce any Water but contains a diversity of mineral fubftances, yet as fome of them cxift info inconfiderable a proportion, that no activity can be juftly afcribed to them, it feems not worth while in fettling the general denominations of Waters to have regard to them; v. g. there is fcarce any Chalybeate Water without fome mixture of fulphur, marine falt, or nitre, but where thefe exift ⚫ in so small a proportion as not remarkably to affect the fenfes, they are scarce worth confidering; and fo in the analysis of the Pyrmont Water, what avails it to us to be told, that befides iron, calcarious nitre, and earth (the principal minerals impregnating it, and from which its chief activity is to be derived) it alfo contains fome particles of cryftal, when, perhaps, the proportion of this crystal may be fcarce one two thousandth part of the vehicle. So the petrifying Waters, tho' they generally contain fome mixture of fulphur and nitre, are to be claffed and denominated from the predominating sparry or ter⚫ reftrial matter only; and the purging waters, which all derive their activity from the predominating falts, altho' they alfq contain a terreftrial matter, are to be claffed among the nitrous or faline Waters refpectively; and fo on.

And where the folid contents of Waters confift of more ⚫ minerals than one, in quantities confiderable enough to give them a fhare in the operation and effects of the Waters, I have avoided running into too minute fubdivifions, as tending rather to perplex than inftruct; and tho' the analysis of many Waters might juftify the ufe of fuch fefquipedalian titles, asChalybeo-nitrofo-falino-fulphureo-terreous, and others like thefe, or longer, I induftriously declined them, deeming it fufficient, for the most part, to give the appellation from fuch two prin cipal minerals as feemed to have the chief fhare in the opera

tion of fuch Waters.

Thus, whereas in order to throw as much light as poffible on this complicated and intricate fubject, I begin with fimple

• Waters

Waters (i. e. Waters that make the nearest approach to pure element, none being abfolutely fuch) I proceed in the fecond book to treat of the fimply nitrous, or strictly fpeaking, fuch wherein the nitre predominates over any other principles; and the first fubdivifion of the nitrous Waters I call Nitrofo-faline, i. e. fuch as befides the nitre, contain alfo a notable quantity of marine falt, but fo as that the nitre pre⚫ dominates over the falt; and the next fubdivifion of the fame Waters I call Nitrofo-chalybeate, or fuch wherein the nitre predominates over the fteel; and the laft Nitrofo or Nitrofulphureous, or fuch wherein the nitre predominates over the fulphur. This fpecimen will fuffice for explaining the meaning of other analogous titles given to other Waters; fuch as the fimply faline, the falino-nitrous, the falino-chalybeate, and the falino-fulphureous; and in the book of Sulphureous Waters, of the divifion into fulphureo-nitrous, and fulphureo-chaly⚫ beate Waters.

In the examination of the feveral Waters, I have generally had in view the following Queries, and, for the moft part, refolved them; deeming fuch a series of experiments and obfervations, made in concert upon the feveral Waters, to be fufficient to enable us to give tome rational account of fuch Waters whofe operation and effects we are acquainted with by experience, and in fuch on which few or no obfervations of their effects on the human bodies have been made; the refolution of the rest of the queries will, however, be of very great use to enable us to form conjectures, with the higheft degree of probability alfo, concerning their nature, operations and effects.

The Queries on the Waters themselves were as follow: 1. What is the colour, confiftence, tafte, and smell of any Water?-2. What is the fpecific gravity ?-3. Does it whiten, coagulate, or continue clear with the alcalies, as oil of tartar per deliquium, fpirit of fal ammoniac, or fpirit of hartfhorn ?-4. Does it exhibit a white cloud, curd, or fediment, with the other precipitators commonly used on this occafion, which are chiefly the folution of filver, the folution of fugar of lead, the folution of alum, and lime-water?5. Does it ferment with acids, as oil of vitriol, fpirit of falt, or vinegar?-6. Does it curdle milk, the white of an egg, blood, or its ferum, or faliva ?-7. Does it curdle foap?-8. Does it redden beef or mutton, infufcd and then boiled with it?

As the defign of thefe refearches is, it is apprehended, obvious to every intelligent medical or chemical Reader, we have omitted our Author's explanatory Notes relating to them.

9. What tinctures does it extract from galls, fumach, or other auftere vegetables; and from logwood, brazil, rhubarb, fyrup of violets, and afh-bark+?-10. What colour does it impart to filver, gold, or copper immerfed; as alfo the folution of filver, of fugar of lead, and of copperas?—11. What are its fenfible effects, and operations, virtues, or vices, by • obfervation and experience?

¢

The Queries on the analysis of the Waters were as follows: 1. What are the parts into which any Water feparates fpontaneoufly manifefted chiefly in fecum or fediment?-2. What is the quantity of fediment or refiduum left upon the evaporation of a given quantity of the Water?-3. What is the colour, tafte, fell, and confiftence of the refiduum?-4. Does it ⚫ ferment with acids or alcalies?-5. Does it moisten in the air?-6. What colour does it exhibit with fyrup of violets? -7. What are its appearances on the red-hot iron, or on coals?-8. Is it, or any part of it, attracted by the loadftone, before or after calcination?

The Queries on the falt feparated from the terreftrial matter.-1. What is its colour, tafte, fmell, and confiftence?— 2. Does it ferment with acids or alcalis; and does it excite an acid fume with oil of vitriol ?—3. Does it moiften in the air?

4. Does it produce a coagulation when boiled with milk, in the proportion of half a dram to half a pint ?-5. Does it turn green with fyrup of violets?-6. Does the folution of the falt, made in the proportion of half a dram to half a pint of diftilled Water, coagulate or keep clear with the folution of falt of tartar, or with fpirit of fal ammoniac, folution of alum, folution of copperas, or folution of filver?-7. Does it excite an urinous fmell when rubbed with fal ammoniac, and and a red or yellow colour when rubbed with the solution of mercury fublimate corrofive in water?-8. Does it excite an urinous or pungent fell when rubbed with falt of tartar?— C 9. In what quantity of water is it diffoluble?- -10. Does it red⚫ den beef or mutton being rubbed on the raw flesh, and afterwards boiled?-11. What appearances does it exhibit on the red-hot iron?-12. What is the figure of its crystals?

The Queries on the indiffoluble matter left in the filtre.— What is the proportion of its weight to that of the falt?2. What is its colour, tafte, fmell, and confiftence?-3. Does it ferment with acids or alcalies?-4. What colour does it exhibit with fyrup of violets?-5. Does it fparkle or flame on the red-hot iron, with or without fmell, and with what fmell?

+ Ah-bark is ufed by the Doctor as a fuccedaneum for lignum nephriticum.

-6. What