Figure 153.-Bottom man at his place; he keeps miners from stepping on cage until return signal is given and from crowding too near shaft. Shaft bottom is kept clean.

Figure 154.-Cage with end chains and handgrips, making hoisting safer for miners. In Europe removable gates on cage and safety gates on landings are required in hoisting men.

Miner: Face the shaft bottom station; hold on to handgrips.

Figure 155.-Bottom man is away from his place; miner looks up shaft to see whether cage is descending.

Figure. 157.-Miner struck by descending cage is knocked into sump and

crushed underneath the cage.

Bottom man: Don't leave your place.

Miner: Don't look up shaft.

In one year 2 miners were killed in this country by objects falling down shaft.

FALLING PIECE OF COAL STRIKES MINER.

Figure 159.-Miner looking up shaft is struck by falling piece of coal.

Bottom man: Don't leave your place.

Miner: Don't look up shaft.

Foreman: Fasten cow bell under cage.