criticism ever uttered would be useless as such if it did not evince a desire to further the development of literary art. The Iliad and the Edipus were written long before Aristotle's Poetics, and it is not likely that either Homer or Sophocles would have been a greater poet if he could have read the Stagirite's treatise. Yet the Poetics, as a summary of the essential features of that art, served an important purpose in later ages and exerted far-reaching influences. Criticism in all ages has necessarily been of less importance than art itself—it guides and suggests, but cannot create. Literary history shows that true criticism must be in conformity with the spirit of the age; it cannot oppose the trend of intelligent opinion. It may praise, censure, advise, interpret-but it will always remain subservient to the art that called it forth. There is no reason to believe that criticism can ever be established in the English-speaking world upon a basis that will subject to an arbitrary and irrevocable ruling the form and spirit of the artist's message to mankind. ное the BIBLIOGRAPHY British Museum. Catalogue of Printed Books. Periodicals. (Revised ed., 1900.) Dictionary of National Biography. Encyclopedia Britannica. Article on Periodicals, by H. R. Tedder. Barrow, Sir John. Autobiography. London, 1847. Bourne, H. R. Fox. English Newspapers. Chapters in the History of Journalism. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1887. Cockburn, Lord. Life of Lord Jeffrey. With a Selection from his Correspondence. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1852. Copinger, W. A. On the Authorship of the first Hundred Numbers of the "Edinburgh Review." (Privately Printed.) Manchester, 1895. Cross, Maurice. Selections from the Edinburgh Review, etc. With a Preliminary Dissertation. 1833. 4 vols. 8vo. London, Gates, Lewis E. Francis Jeffrey. 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