17; cost of construction, $150,000. Saw mills, 1-water; capacity, 10,000 feet of lumber per day. There is an extensive tannery located at the Encinal, the capacity of which is 250 sides of leather per month.

Mineral Resources.-An extensive bed of coal has been discovered at Corral Hollow, within eight miles of the San Joaquin. The quality of the coal is said to be excellent, and arrangements are in progress for its introduction into the market. There are numerous warm mineral springs near the base of Mississippi Peak, which have recently attracted considerable attention.

Finances, (May, 1858).—There is no funded debt; amount of floating debt, $28,677; receipts for county purposes for fiscal year 1857-8, $37,705 73; expenditures for the same period, $36,654 13; value of property assessed, $3,200,000.

Attorneys.-Alameda: A. M. Crane; Alvarado; B. Williams; Brooklyn : Asa Walker; Centerville: Noble Hamilton; Oakland: G. M. Blake, A. M. Brocklebanck, E. R. Carpentier, H. W. Carpentier, Samuel J. Clarke, W. H. Glascock, J. McHenry, S. B. McKee, J. H. Rankin, A. Williams, W. VanVoorhies; San Leandro: E. S. Chipman, H. K. W. Clarke, John A. Lent, W. C. Pease, William P. Rodgers; San Lorenzo: W. C. Blackwood, T. M. Coombs.

Physicians.—Alameda: Henry Gibbons, H. Haile; Alvarado: J. P. Davis; Brooklyn: Thomas H. Greene, J. Lamare, W. J. Wentworth: Centerville: B. F. Bucknell, J. Goucher, James M. Selfridge; Oakland: Dr. Coleman, J. P. M. Davis, J. C. H. De Tavel, E. Gibbons, D. C. Keyes, D. C. Porter, R. Worthington; San Leandro: W. H. Irwin, Thomas Payne.

Amador County, organized, 1854. Boundaries: North by Sacramento and El Dorado, east by Utah Territory, south by Calaveras and San Joaquin, and west by Sacramento and San Joaquin.

Topography. This county, although one of the most productive mineral districts in the state, is progressing rapidly in all the elements of agricultural prosperity. Inexhaustible forests of the finest description of sugar pine, pitch pine and spruce exist towards the eastern boundary of the county. The number of acres claimed for agricultural and grazing purposes is fiftyfive thousand acres, of which seven thousand five hundred and nine are under cultivation.

Legal Distances.-From Sacramento, fifty-five miles; from Stockton, fiftysix miles; and from San Quentin, one hundred and eighty-seven miles.

Fifth Judicial District.-Hon. Charles M. Creaner, Judge District Court; Sessions, third Monday in February, June and October.

Nineteenth Senatorial District.—Senators: Hon. L. N. Ketcham; term expires, January, 1860; and Hon. B. T. Bradley, term expires, January, 1861. Members of Assembly.-Hons. W. W. Cope and John A. Eagan.

Agricultural Resources.-A large portion of the land in this county is admirably adapted for agricultural and grazing purposes. H. A. Eichelberger, Esq., the County Assessor, in his report for 1858, says:

"The most valuable lands are situated among the lower foothills in Ione, Jackson and Dry Creek valleys; but the cultivated lands are by no means confined to these valleys. Higher up in the mountains, continuously, for a distance of many miles, there is a succession of cultivated lands, only a little less productive from the fact that the climate is not quite so genial. For grazing purposes, during the late summer and fall seasons, these lands are invaluable, even as high as within a few miles of the snow-capped summit of the Sierra. At this time, large numbers of cattle are grazing high up in the mountains, upon a luxuriant growth of the finest grass. Heretofore the impression has generally, if not universally, prevailed that the hill and mountain lands were sterile and valueless; at least that they would produce nothing without irrigation upon a scale vastly more extensive than it would be possible to inaugurate. This year, however, it has been demonstrated that this impression is, to at least a very great extent, erroneous. At the late harvest, some good crops of grain (wheat and barley) of superior quality, were cut from mountain land where no irrigation whatever had been resorted to; and there are many thousand acres of similar land in the county susceptible of similar successful cultivation."

Agricultural Products.-Wheat, 1,476 acres, 22,140 bushels; barley, 1,828 acres, 36,560 bushels; oats, 300 acres, 7,500 bushels; hay, 2,000 acres.

Fruit Trees, (1857).—Apple, 2,626; peach, 5,352; pear, 468; cherry, 200; plum, 145; nectarine, 170; quince, 219; apricot, 317; fig, 70; pomegranate, 25; almond, 200. Vines: gooseberry, 1,000; raspberry, 3,000; strawberry, 20,000; grape, (1858), 20,000.

Live Stock.-Horses, (American.) 417, (Spanish, tame,) 733, total number of horses, 1,150; mules, 262; asses, 150; cows, 1,485; calves, 310; stock cattle, 1,485; beef cattle, 310; oxen, 435; total number of cattle, 4,025; sheep, 2,983; goats, 284; hogs, 1,672; poultry, (1857), 9,000.

Manufactures.-Grist mills, 4, steam 1, water 3, total run of stone 6, capacity, 190 barrels per day, cost of erection, $22,300; saw mills, 19, steam 12, water 7, aggregate amount of lumber sawed per annum, (1857-8), 12,000,000

feet, cost of erection, $76,000; foundries, 1, with a capacity to supply the entire demand of the county; tanneries, 1, capable of supplying the county with leather; breweries, 4; soda manufactories, 3; lime kilns, 3.

Mineral Resources.-In addition to the placer mines in this county, there is an extensive region abounding in quartz, which is in many places remarkably rich and productive. Quartz mills in operation, 32; steam 8, water 24; number of stamps, 402; product per annum, $1,350,720; number of arastras, 50; Howland's rotary mills, 1. There is an extensive marble quarry in the vicinity of Volcano, which is yielding many beautiful specimens.

Canals and Water Ditches.-Number of canals, 32; length, 475 miles; cost of construction, $1,050,000; assessed value, $280,600.

Ferries and Bridges.-Ferries, 2; bridges, 6.

Finances.-January, 1858: Floating debt, including amount due Calaveras County, $38,149,63; cash in Treasury, $15,782,17; actual debt, $22,367,46. Receipts for fiscal year, 1857, $50,129; disbursements, $34,347; value of property assessed, $2,000,000.

Attorneys.-Drytown: G. W. Seaton; Fiddletown: W. M. Sewell; Jackson: J. W. Armstrong, S. B. Axtell, R. M. Briggs, A. C. Brown, W. W. Cope, Thomas Grant, James F. Hubbard, A. H. Rose, J. G. Severance; Ione Valley H. H. Carter, John C. Gear; Sutter Creek: A. Hayward; Volcano: H. Cook, J. T. Farley, G. L. Gale, N. Kline, James M. Porter, T. M. Pauling. Physicians.-Butte City: Dr. Harris; Clinton: H. D. Longaker; Drytown: Dr. Fox; Ione City: E. B. Harris, Austin D. Kibbie; Jackson: Dr. Boucher, A. W. Crawford, M. Hoover, William Sharp; Sutter Creek: Dr. Fifield, O. P. Southwell; Volcano: Geo. Munckton, Dr. Paine.

III.-BUENA VISTA COUNTY.

This county, created by the Act of the Legislature, passed April 30, 1855, comprises that portion of Tulare County situated south of the township line, dividing townships number twenty and twenty-one south. This county is attached to the Thirteenth Judicial District; for election purposes, it forms part of the Sixth Senatorial District and with Tulare County, elect one member of the Assembly. The provisions of the Act organizing the county have been extended to the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine. (Act of the Legislature, March 3, 1858.)

IV. BUTTE COUNTY.

COUNTY SEAT-OROVILLE.

Butte County, organized, 1850. Boundaries: North by Tehama, east by Plumas and Yuba, south by Yuba and Sutter, and west by the Sacramento River and Colusa.

Topography. It is estimated that three-fifths of the land in this county abounds in mineral wealth. Throughout the mountain regions there are numerous valleys, many of which are in an advanced state of cultivation. About one-half of the county is well timbered, comprising the different varieties usually found in the mountainous districts of the State. Number of acres inclosed, twenty-five thousand, of which twelve thousand eight hundred and fifty-four are under cultivation.

Legal Distances.-From Sacramento, seventy-five miles; from Stockton, one hundred and twenty miles, and from San Quentin, two hundred and five miles.

Fifteenth Judicial District.-Hon. Warren T. Sexton, Judge District Court. Sessions, third Monday in January, first Monday in May, fourth Monday in August and second Monday in November.

County Courts.-The terms of the County Court, first Monday in March and June, second Monday in September, and the fourth Monday in November. Court of Sessions: Second Monday in February, third Monday in April, July and October. Probate Court: Fourth Monday in February and May, third Monday in August and second Monday in December.

Fourteenth Senatorial District.-Senators: Hon. A. S. Hart; term expires January, 1860, and Hon. S. A. Ballou; term expires January, 1861. Members of Assembly.—Hons. Frank E. Cannon and Phillip P. Caine. Agricultural Products.-Wheat, 2,497 acres, 52,536 bushels; barley, 3,981 acres, 68,220 bushels; oats, 238 acres, 6,240 bushels; rye, 6 acres, 135 bushels; corn, 115 acres, 3,630 bushels; peas, 26 acres, 400 bushels; potatoes, 39 acres, 9,936 bushels; sweet potatoes, 1 acre, 440 bushels; hay, 1,620 acres, 1,799 tuns; butter, 21,456 pounds; wool, 10,300 pounds.

Fruit Trees, (1857.)-Apples, 9,865; peach, 66,775; pear, 2,341; plum, 676; cherry, 809; nectarine, 216; quince, 10,170; apricot, 737; fig, 1,102; orange, 6; pomegranate, 11; almond, 8. Vines: gooseberry, 440; rasp

berry, 149; strawberry, 107,519; currant, 4,000; grape-vines, (1858) 80,707. The success which has attended the efforts of Major John Bidwell to develop the agricultural resources of this county, has established the fact of the adaptation of the soil and climate to the production of every variety of fruit which can be successfully cultivated in the State.

Live Stock.-Horses and mules, 2,126; asses, 98; calves under two years old, 6,378; cattle over two years old, 15,072; total number of cattle, 21,450; sheep and goats, 16,454; hogs, 8,603; poultry, (1857,) 13,964.

Manufactures.-Grist mills-2, water; total run of stone, 4; capacity, 125 barrels of flour per day. Cost of erection, $39,000. Saw mills, 17-steam, 7, water, 10. Cost of erection, $80,000; lumber sawed per annum, 3,020,000 feet; value, $500,000; tannery, 1.

Mineral Resources.-The larger part of the land of this county is what may be properly considered mineral land, which is in different localities very rich. There are a number of quartz leads which have yielded their owners remunerative returns. Quartz mills, 17-steam, 12, water, 5; stamps, 168; arastras, 30. Cost of machinery, $250,000.

River Mining.-The extensive works, auxiliary to mining in the vicinity of Oroville, afford abundant evidence of the prosperity of the mining population residing there. The following mining enterprises of the past summer, will convey some idea of the character and importance of the works alluded to:

RIVER MINING-FEATHER RIVER, 1858.

Name of Claim.

Stream.

Extent.

Contractor.

Cap. Stock.

$40,000

Channel Rock Mining Co Main Feather 1,700 feet M. S. Hart....

"Grimes & Arthur 20,000

Number of feet, 16,700, at an aggregate cost of $500,000.

Coal and Marble.-An extensive bed of coal within a few miles of Feather River is now being opened. The quality of the coal therefrom is represented to be excellent, and somewhat like the Cannel coal. A vein of marble has been discovered on the Middle Feather River, which is of variegated colors, resembling to some extent the Italian.

Ditches and Canals.-Number of canals, 30; length, main branches, 150 miles. When the canals now in the course of construction are completed, there will be, including branches, 400 miles. Cost of construction, $800,000. Water Works.-The city of Oroville is supplied with water from an extension reservoir in the vicinity of the city. Assessed value, $7,000.

Bridges and Ferries.-Number of bridges, 1; assessed value, $25,000 Ferries, 8; assessed value, $8,000.