Finances.--Funded debt, $25,783 61, interest ten per cent.; floating debt, $9,051 74; amount due from Del Norte, $10,000-actual debt, $24,835 35. Receipts for past fiscal year, $6,500. Expenditures, same period, $13,000. Attorneys.—Orleans Bar: E. P. Fletcher, H. L. Preston, C. R. Saunders, Wm. F. Vaughan.

Physicians.-None.

XIII. LOS ANGELES COUNTY.

COUNTY SEAT-LOS ANGELES.

Los Angeles County, organized 1850.

Boundaries; North by Santa Barbara and Buena Vista, east by San Bernardino, south by San Diego and the Pacific and west by the Pacific.

Topography. This county is one of the richest and most fertile of the southern portion of the State,* is of large extent and capable of sustaining a large population. Extensive plains, for the greater part compose the land in this county, all of which is fit for cultivation; producing in the highest degree cereal crops, and genial and nourishing to every seed yet planted in its soil. Recent explorations have developed the existence, in considerable quantities of gold, silver, copper and other valuable minerals. The extent of this region is not yet known. Number of acres of land in this county, (that portion for which the occupants have no goverment title, being omitted,) one million three thousand nine hundred and thirty. Number of acres in cultivation, six thousand seven hundred and fifty.†

Legal Distances.-From Sacramento, five hundred and fifty miles; from Stockton, five hundred and fifty miles, and from San Quentin, four hundred and forty miles.

For description of the climate and resources, see p. 241.

+ Amount returned by Assessor, 1858. In 1857 the quantity 1eturned was 13,633 acres. -[ED.

First Judicial District.-Hon. Benjamin Hayes, Judge District Court. Sessions, third Monday in March, July and November.

County Courts.-The terms of the County Court: Third Monday in January, April, June, August and October. Court of Sessions: First Monday in February, May, July, September and November. Probate Court: Fourth Monday of each month.

First Senatorial District.-Senator: Hon. C. E. Thom; term expires, January, 1861.

Members of Assembly.-Hons. Andreas Pico and Henry Hancock.

Agricultural Resources.-There are few counties of the State that will equal this in the character and extent of its products. Although not a grain growing district, there is nevertheless, sufficient raised for home consumption. Vegetables are grown extensively, they are very thrifty and disease is unknown both to them and to every seed and plant that exist here. Products: Wheat, 410 acres, 7,690 bushels; barley, 4,215 acres, 84,300 bushels; (1857,*) oats, 50 acres, 500 bushels; corn, 2,728 acres, 272,800 bushels; peas, 100 acres, 1,000 bushels; beans, 2,199 acres, 33,225 bushels; potatoes, 200 acres, 10,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 50 acres, 500 bushels; onions, 100 acres, 1,500 bushels; hay, 1,570 tuns; tobacco, 10 acres; broom corn, 10 acres; cheese, 20,740 pounds; wool, 47,482 pounds; eggs, 30,416 dozen.

Fruit Trees and Fruit." The adaptability of the soil and climate of this county to the cultivation of fruit is yearly exhibited in the variety, quantity and quality of the crops annually sent to market. Horticulture, from the decay it wore since the control of the Missionaries, has taken new life, and the new hands which now preside over it, are laboring with success to bring it back to its former luxuriance and excellence, and adding thereto many rare plants never before introduced in this soil." Fruit Trees: Apple, 2,758; peach, 72,629; pear, 8,000; oranges, 5,870; pomegranates, 1,430; apricot, 3,500; (1857,) plum, 102; cherry, 50; quince, 400; apricot, 445; fig, 774; citron, 125; lemon, 5,750; lime, 5,000; olive, 1,302; prune, 112; palm, 4; almond, 176; walnut, 218; currants, 1,800; cochineal, 7; nectarine, 27; pine-apple, 110; raspberry, 1,000; agua carte, 25; son sapote, 25; zapote, 25; nesbarro, 10; chocolate tree, 5; mango, 2. The last six varieties have been imported from Nicaragua.

Grape Culture and the Manufacture of Wine.t-This county and the neighborhood, is destined to be one of the most extensive districts for the growing of the grape in the world. In 1856, the number of grape vines reported, was 726,000, and in 1858, 1,650,000. The quantity of wine from the vintage of 1857, was 350,000 gallons; of brandies, 5,000 gallons. The vintage of 1858, is estimated at 500,000 gallons; one firm, alone, has manufactured 150,000 gallons of wines and brandies. There will probably be nearly a million of vines planted during the approaching season. It will not be many

* The Assessor's returns, for 1858, from this very productive county are very incomplete, and in the description of this district we have been compelled, therefore, to seek other channels of informa tion.-[ED.

+ For a description of the wine product of this county, see p. 243.

years before the wine crop of this county will exceed, in value, the gold product of any county in this State.

Los Angeles Vineyard Co.-The vineyard of this company is located at Anaheim. It contains about 1,200 acres of land surrounded by a growing fence made of willow, cottenwood, alder and sycamore poles, eight feet long and nine inches in circumference, planted in the ground, and is five and one half miles in length. This inclosure is sub-divided into 50 lots, each lot con

taining about 20 acres. Each is planted with 8,000 vines. It is intended to plant 8,000 additional vines on each lot next season, which will occupy 16 acres, leaving 4 acres to be devoted to fruit or ornamental trees, or gardens, as the respective owners may fancy. There are about 40 laborers employed in planting and irrigating, and a trifle more than a lot is planted daily. The cost of the land was about $2,500. The opening of water-course, fencing and planting, added to the cost of the land, will bring the cost of each lot, with 8,000 vines, to the sum of $500. Each lot is a share in the association, and the shares are now in demand at $1,000.

A

Cotton. The experiments so far, have been completely successful. small quantity raised at the Monte, is favorably commented on by the visiting committee of the State Agricultural Society for 1856.

Sugar. The cane has been raised successfully for several years past; molasses has been manufactured therefrom, but no sugar.

Tobacco. Several acres of tobacco have been raised successfully for the past few seasons. The soil and climate appear to be well adapted for the cultivation of this important article of trade.

Flax.-Considerable quantities of flax have been raised in this county, but of late it has not been cultivated to any great extent.

Olive Oil.-The manufacture of olive oil has received some attention of late. In former years, large quantities were exported by those connected with the Missions in this county.

Live Stock.-Horses, (American,) 37; (Spanish,) 2,150; (wild stock,) 7,415 —total number of horses, 9,602; mules, 570; Spanish stock cattle, 36,130; American stock cattle, 1,350; oxen, 570; sheep, 20,910; hogs, 670; poultry, 24,221. A large amount of hides and wool are annually shipped from this county.

Manufactures.-Grist mills, 7-water; value, $46,000. Saw mills, 2; lumber sawed per annum, 1,082,500 feet; value, $54,125. Foundry, 1. Distillery, 1. Tannery, 1. Broom factory, 1. Cider mill, 1. A manufactory for cider has been recently established, which has produced a most excellent article.

Mineral Resources.*-This county is rich in mineral wealth. An extensive field has been recently opened up in the vicinity of the San Gabriel and Gila Rivers. The attention of a large number of persons is attracted thither. The following, from the Los Angeles Star, is the most recent information on the subject:

*For a description of the mineral resources of this county, see p. 271.

"Well defined mines of the following minerals exist, viz: sulphurets of silver and copper, carbonate of silver, red silver ore, white silver ore, blue sulphuret of silver, copper, copper and iron, carbonate of copper, plumbago, gold and rubies.

The minerals are in great abundance, and the veins give reasonable evidence of being inexhaustible. The country over which our informant traveled, is richer than any that he has investigated in any other part of the State, and he is perfectly familiar with the mineralogy of the northern counties. He has found rubies in great abundance, not only detached, but in connection with mineral which give evidence of having been in a state of fusion, and have thus incorporated with them the pebbles over which they coursed."

Canals and Water Ditches.-The ditch of the Los Angeles Mining Company to supply the Pioneer Mines, is several miles in length and cost to erect, $20,000.

Mineral Springs.-The Hot Springs, near the Mission of San Juan, are strongly recommended by the Medical Faculty for their powerful medicinal qualities. They are annually visited by large numbers of persons from the vicinity.

Finances, July, 1858.-Funded debt, $17,600, seven per cent. Floating, $36,412-total, $54.012. Receipts for past fiscal year, $30,000. Expenditures, same period, $20,000. Amount taxable property, $2,208,695.

Attorneys.-Los Angeles: J. L. Brent, J. H. Canders, K. H. Dimmick, Ezra Drown, W. C. Dryden, E. J. C. Kewen, Myron Norton, A. Olivera, C. Sims, J. R. Scott, C. E. Thom.

Physicians.-El Monte: B. Barton, N. Beardsley, Dr. Heywood, T. A. Mayer; Los Angeles: Thomas Foster, J. S. Griffin, J. C. Welsh, T. J. White, J. B. Winston; San Gabriel: Dr. Carr.

XIV. MARIN COUNTY.

COUNTY SEAT-SAN RAFAEL.

Marin County, organized 1850. Boundaries: North by Sonoma, east by Sonoma and bays of San Pablo and San Francisco and south and west by the Pacific Ocean.

Topography. This county is generally mountainous and broken, and but a small portion of the land is adapted for cultivation. The soil in the valleys is rich, and some of the high lands will produce grain in abundance. The area of the county is estimated at seven hundred square miles, two-thirds of which is suitable for grazing purposes. There are about seven thousand acres of timber land, principally redwood, pine and oak; and but a very small quantity of swamp land in this county belonging to the State. Number of acres in cultivation, six thousand five hundred and sixteen.

Legal Distances.-From Sacramento, one hundred and thirty-five miles; from Stockton, one hundred and thirty-five miles, and from San Quentin, three miles.

Seventh Judicial District.-Hon. E. W. McKinstry, Judge District Court. Sessions, first Monday in March, July and November.

Eleventh Senatorial District.-Senator: Hon. J. O'Farrell; term expires January, 1861.

Member of Assembly.—Hon. Manuel Torres.

Agricultural Products.-Wheat, 546 acres, 21,840 bushels; barley, 1,420 acres, 56,800 bushels; oats, 3,250 acres, 130,000 bushels; beans, 60 acres, 1,200 bushels; potatoes, 1,240 acres, 124,000 bushels; butter, 210,000 pounds; cheese, 150,000 pounds.

Fruit Trees.-Apple, 8,890: peach, 155; pear, 110; plum, 202; cherry, 65; nectarine, 170; apricot, 60; fig, 70; almond, 50. Vines: grape, 600. Live Stock.-Horses, (American,) 410, (Spanish, tame,) 1,260, (Spanish, wild,) 1,750, total number of horses, 3,410; cows, 4,910; calves, 4,508; stock cattle, 4,050; beef cattle, 9,800, total number of cattle, 23,268; sheep, 4,900; goats, 250; hogs, 2,400; poultry, 4,000.

Manufactures.-Number of saw mills, 3-steam; lumber sawed per annum, 5,000,000 feet.

Paper Mill.*-There is an extensive paper mill located at Taylorsville, Berry Township, cost of construction, $92,000.

Mineral Resources.-An extensive vein of gold bearing quartz, was discovered in July, 1857, near San Rafael, but no attempt has, as yet, been made to test its richness by the application of the necessary machinery.

State Prison.-The State Prison is located at San Quentin, near San Rafael; cost of buildings, $500,000; number of prisoners, 550.

Finances, July, 1858-Floating debt, $17,757. Receipts for fiscal year, $8,200; expenditures, same period, $11,060. Assessed value of property, $1,630,414.

Attorneys.-San Rafael: T. H. Hanson, J. H. Haralson, W. Skidmore. Physicians.-San Rafael: Dr. D'Herring, A. W. Taliaferro.

*For a description of these works, see p. 305.